Polynoe extenuata Grube, 1840: 86 Lagisca extenuata: Marenzeller (1876) : 133 Saint-Joseph (1888) : 180 Fauvel (1923) : 76 Polynoe rarispina M. Sars, 1861 Averincev (1977) : 186 Hartmann-Schröder (1996) : 57 Harmothoe extenuata: Pettibone (1953) : 31 Polynoe rarispina M. Sars, 1861 Pettibone (1954) : 222 Polynoe rarispina M. Sars, 1861 Chambers & Muir (1997) : 98 Barnich & Fiege (2000) : 1912 Barnich & Fiege (2003) : 38 Harmothoe (Lagisca) extenuata: Pettibone (1963) : 41 Polynoe rarispina M. Sars, 1861 Lepidonotus dumetosus Quatrefages, 1866: 259 Lepidonotus leachii Quatrefages, 1866: 258 Lagisca propinqua Malmgren, 1867: 133 Harmothoe sarniensis Lankester, 1867: 374 Lepidonotus semisculptus Leach Johnston, 1865: 116 Lagisca ehlersi pontica Czerniavsky, 1882:183 Revision of the genus Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856 (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) in the Northeast Atlantic Barnich, Ruth Fiege, Dieter Zootaxa 2009 2009-05-11 2104 1 1 76  Barnich & Fiege (2000) : 1912 6LCFR (Grube, 1840) Grube 1840 [151,596,151,177] Polychaeta Polynoidae Harmothoe Animalia Phyllodocida 31 32 Annelida species extenuata  ( Figs. 3; 15A–J)      Polynoe extenuata Grube, 1840: 86.     Lagisca extenuata: Marenzeller (1876): 133, pl. 1 fig. 1;  Saint-Joseph (1888): 180, pl. 8 figs. 52–54;  Fauvel (1923): 76, fig. 28 [part, not  Polynoe rarispinaM. Sars, 1861];  Averincev (1977): 186, fig. 1;  Hartmann-Schröder (1996): 57, fig. 17.     Harmothoe extenuata: Pettibone (1953): 31[part, not  Polynoe rarispinaM. Sars, 1861];  Pettibone (1954): 222[part, not  Polynoe rarispinaM. Sars, 1861];  Chambers & Muir (1997): 98, fig. 23;  Barnich & Fiege (2000): 1912, fig. 12A–D;  Barnich & Fiege (2003): 38, fig. 16A–D.     Harmothoe (Lagisca) extenuata: Pettibone (1963): 41, fig. 8a–c [part, not  Polynoe rarispinaM. Sars, 1861].     Lepidonotus dumetosus Quatrefages, 1866: 259.     Lepidonotus leachii Quatrefages, 1866: 258.     Lagisca propinqua Malmgren, 1867: 133, pl. 2 fig. 3.     Harmothoe sarniensis Lankester, 1867: 374, pl. 51 figs. 10, 14–16, 24.  ?  Lepidonotus semisculptusLeachin  Johnston, 1865: 116[ type(s) lost].  ?   Lagisca ehlersi pontica Czerniavsky, 1882:183pl. 3 fig. 10A–C, a–l [ type(s) lost].   Type material. Harmothoe extenuata:  neotype, designated here, NHMW ZooEv274 (selected out of 3 spms.), Italy, Bay of Naples, leg.1882.   Lagisca propinqua:  holotype, SMNH-Type-2398, Sweden, Bohuslän Koster, 58°57'N 11°5'E, leg. A.V. Ljungman.    Lepidonotus dumetosus:  3 syntypes, MNHNPoly type 89 & 90, France, St. Vaast( Normandy), leg. M. de Quatrefages.   Lepidonotus leachii:  2 syntypes, MNHNPoly type 103, France, St. Vaast( Normandy), leg. M. de Quatrefages,  1 syntype, MNHNPoly type 104, France, Granville ( Normandy), leg. Audouinet Milne- Edwards.  Additional material. NE Atlantic: 1 spm., SMF 15271, Norway, 1884, leg. F.C. Noll.1 spm., SMF 15274, Georg Berna-Expedition1861, N Norway, Molde Fjord.1 spm., SMF 17281, N Norway, Tromsø area, Sommarøy, 69°38’N 18°02’E,  04 July 2002, lower shore, below stones, leg. & ded. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz.1 spm., SMF 13191, France, Roscoff,  18 March 2003, between  Laminariarhizomes, leg. C. Bleidorn. 1 spm., SMF 13199, France, Roscoff, near Île Verte,  20 March 2003, at low tide, below stone in  Laminariaand seagrass zone, leg. R. Barnich& D. Fiege. 1 spm., SMF 17282, France, Beg-ar-Fry, near Plougasnou,  6 August 2005, leg. T. Wehe. 1 spm., SMF 17283, France, Île Callot, near Carantec,  August 2005, leg. T. Wehe. 4 spms., SMF 12426, France, Presqu'île de Quibéron, Pointe du Congruel, intertidal, under stones,  08 April 1997, leg. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz. 14 spms., SMF 12425, France, Presqu'île de Quibéron, Pointe du Congruel, intertidal, under stones,  08 April 1997, leg. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz. 2 spms., SMF 13293, France, Piriac-surmer( Britany), intertidal,  06 April 1997, leg. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz. 1 spm., SMF 15581 (juv.), France, Piriacsur-mer( Britany), intertidal,  06 April 1997, leg. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz. 1 spm., SMF 13291, France, Golfe de Gascogne, NW Noirmoutier, NW Port du Morin, intertidal,  10 April 1997, leg. C. d’Udekem d’Acoz.  Diagnosis. Anterior pair of eyes dorsolateral at widest part of prostomium. Elytral margin with short, scattered papillae; surface covered by conical microtubercles, with a row of rounded, drop-shaped and often darkly pigmented macrotubercles near posterior margin.  Description(based on neotypeof  H. extenuata). Body with 43 segments. At anterior end ( Fig. 15A), prostomium bilobed, with distinct cephalic peaks; ceratophore of median antenna in anterior notch, lateral antennae inserted ventrally, styles of antennae papillate, abruptly tapering subdistally to filiform tip; anterior pair of eyes situated dorsolaterally at widest part of prostomium, posterior pair dorsally near hind margin of prostomium; palps papillate, tapering. Tentaculophores inserted laterally to prostomium, each with two notochaetae and a dorsal and ventral tentacular cirrus, styles of cirri papillate, abruptly tapering subdistally to filiform tip. Second segment with first pair of elytra, biramous parapodia, and long buccal cirri. Following segments with tapering, short, sparsely papillate ventral cirri.   FIGURE 15.  Harmothoe extenuata(neotype, NHMW ZooEv 274). (A) anterior end; styles of left and right dorsal and left ventral tentacular cirri missing; style of right dorsal cirrus regenerating; (B) second right elytron from segment 4; (C) detail of posterior margin of same; (D) left cirrigerous parapodium from segment 16, posterior view, style of dorsal cirrus missing; (E) distal part of long notochaeta; (F) tip of same; (G) distal part of middle neurochaeta; (H) tip of same; (I) tip of uppermost neurochaeta; (J) tip of lower neurochaeta. (Scales: A, B = 1 mm; C, E, G = 100 µm; D = 500 µm; F, H–J = 50 µm). Fifteen pairs of elytra, covering dorsum, on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, then on every second segment to 23, 26, 29, 32; last eleven segments cirrigerous; elytral margin and adjacent surface with short, scattered papillae; surface covered by conical microtubercles; macrotubercles drop-shaped, often with brownish pigment (in ethanol), in a row near posterior margin ( Fig. 15B,C). Cirrigerous segments with distinct dorsal tubercles; dorsal cirri with cylindrical cirrophore, style papillate, abruptly tapering subdistally to filiform tip. Parapodia biramous; notopodia with elongate acicular lobe; neuropodia with elongate prechaetal acicular lobe with digitiform supra-acicular process; neuropodial postchaetal lobe shorter than prechaetal lobe, rounded; tips of noto- and neuroacicula penetrating epidermis ( Fig. 15D). Notochaetae stouter than neurochaetae, with distinct rows of spines and blunt tip ( Fig. 15E,F); neurochaetae with distinct rows of spines, mostly bidentate with distinct secondary tooth, some upper and lower unidentate ( Fig. 15G–J).  Measurements. Neotypeof  H. extenuata(cs), NHMW ZooEv 274 ( Fig. 15A–J): L 32 mm, W 5 mmfor 43 segments. Holotypeof  L. propinqua(af), SMNH-Type-2398: L 16 mm, W 6 mmfor 28 segments.  Remarks. Fauvel (1923)synonymised  Lagisca propinqua Malmgren, 1867and  Polynoe rarispinaM. Sars, 1861with  Lagisca extenuata( Grube, 1840); this opinion was followed by Pettibone (1953), who consequently considered  Lagisca Malmgren, 1866to be a junior synonym of  Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856, and was adopted in our papers (see Barnich & Fiege 2000and 2006). After having checked the available typesand some more additional material of the respective species, we confirm that  L. propinquais a junior synonym of  H. extenuata, since we could not find any relevant differences.  Polynoe rarispina,however, is a valid  Harmothoespecieswhich can be easily recognised due to its elytra with prominent stick-shaped macrotubercles, while  H. extenuatahas much smaller drop-shaped macrotubercles. We looked for the holotypeof  Polynoe extenuatain the collections of the Museum of Natural History Wroclaw ( Poland) and the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin( Germany), where most of Grube’s types are deposited, and also in other German museums. As the type specimen was not found, we consider it now definitely lost. Grube’s rather short description of the species added to the confusion in the literature, especially regarding its possible junior synonyms. In the course of this revision it became clear, that there is a strong need for a neotypeof this species, in order to allow correct distinction of  H. extenuata, not only from species like  L. propinquaor  L. rarispina, but also from a number of other species, as shown in the identification key given here. The selected neotypeis a specimen in perfect condition with numerous elytra originating from the Bay of Naples, the type locality indicated by Grube (1840: p. 2).  Distribution. Northeast Atlantic, Skagerrak, Kattegat, Öresund, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea. Records outside this area are doubtful due to confusion with other species.  Habitat. On various substrates, in 0 to 400 m. NHMW Italy ZooEv Bay of Naples 31 32 1 neotype A. V. Ljungman. Sweden 58.95 Bohuslan Koster 1041 11.083333 31 32 1 holotype MNHN M. de Quatrefages. France St. Vaast 31 32 3 Haute-Normandie syntype MNHN M. de Quatrefages France St. Vaast 31 32 2 Haute-Normandie syntype [318,1311,1002,1028] MNHN Audouin France Normandy 31 32 1 Haute-Normandie syntype SMF 15271 [442,1190,1080,1106] F. C. Noll. Norway Atlantic 31 32 1 SMF 15274 Molde Fjord. Norway Georg Berna-Expedition 31 32 1 SMF 17281 2002-07-04 d'Udekem d'Acoz. Norway 69.63333 Tromso area 979 18.033333 Sommaroy 31 32 1 SMF 13191 [223,1341,1196,1222] 2003-03-18 C. Bleidorn. France Roscoff 31 32 1 SMF 13199 2003-03-20 R. Barnich & D. Fiege. France Roscoff Ile Verte 31 32 1 SMF 17282 2005-08-06 T. Wehe. France Beg-ar-Fry Plougasnou 31 32 1 SMF 17283 [476,1436,1312,1338] 2005-08 T. Wehe. France Ile Callot Carantec 31 32 1 SMF 12426 1997-04-08 Pointe du Congruel & C. d'Udekem d'Acoz. France Presqu'ile de Quiberon 31 32 1 SMF 12425 1997-04-08 Pointe du Congruel & C. d'Udekem d'Acoz. France Presqu'ile de Quiberon 31 32 1 SMF 13293 1997-04-06 C. d'Udekem d'Acoz. France Piriac-surmer Britany 31 32 1 SMF 15581 1997-04-06 C. d'Udekem d'Acoz. France Piriacsur-mer Britany 31 32 1 SMF 13291 1997-04-10 NW Noirmoutier & C. d'Udekem d'Acoz. France Golfe de Gascogne Port du Morin 31 32 1