Polyglossa nitida Friese, 1909: 125 Polyglossa opaca Friese, 1909: 125 Revision of the nitidus species group of the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Mack, Anne Kuhlmann, Michael European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-12-15 912 1 119 4VYL9 (Friese, 1909) Friese 1909 [611,976,1637,1664] Insecta Colletidae Scrapter Animalia Hymenoptera 50 51 Arthropoda species nitidus   Figs 36–38      Polyglossa nitida Friese, 1909: 125, holotype ♂(type locality: Steinkopf, South Africa) (ZMHB), examined.     Polyglossa opaca Friese, 1909: 125, holotype ♂(type locality: Steinkopf, South Africa) (ZMHB), examined (synonymized by Kuhlmann 2021).    Diagnosis The female of  S. nitiduscan be separated from that of all other species of this group by the following character combination: T3 anterior of premarginal line with a row of points ( Fig. 36E); propodeum completely marked with fine carinae ( Fig. 36D); disc of T4 barely hairy ( Fig. 36E); punctation on T1–T4 shallow ( Fig. 36E); punctation on disc of T1 as fine as punctation of posterior margin of T1 ( Fig. 36F). The male is characterized by dense (i = 0.2 d) punctation on discs of T1–T4 ( Fig. 37D); dense hair of T2 covers about half of the tergum ( Fig. 37F); ocelli slightly behind posterior margin of compound eyes; small stripe on T3 parallel to posterior margin without dense punctation ( Fig. 37E) and form of S7 ( Fig. 38B–D).   Additional material examined( 99 specimens)   SOUTH AFRICA• 3 ♂♂; Roggeveld Mts,  2 kmSE of Farm Allemansdam, burnt area; 31°49′32″ S, 19°59′55″ E;  1290 ma.s.l.;  29 Aug. 2018; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; Kamiesberg Mts,  5 kmSE of Leliefontein, road side; 30°20′09″ S, 18°06′24″ E;  1400 ma.s.l.;  10 Sep. 2017; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♀; same collecting data as for preceding;  11 Sep. 2016; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂;  3 kmNW of Farm Kanolfontein,  22 kmWof Sutherland, road side; 32°23′17″ S, 20°26′32″ E;  1350 ma.s.l.;  18 Sep 2017; MKleg.; RCMK•  4 ♂♂; Roggeveld Mts,  1 kmS of Farm Allemansdam, road side; 31°49′05″ S, 19°59′15″ E;  1270 ma.s.l.;  1 Sep. 2017; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; Lamberts Bay, Strandveld, sand; 32°06′19″ S, 18°18′16″ E;  5 ma.s.l.;  7 Sep. 2017; MKleg.; RCMK•  4 ♂♂; Keiski Mts,  3 kmE of Farm M’Vera, shale; 31°45′29″ S, 19°54′13″ E;  1190 ma.s.l.;  13 Sep. 2016; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  15 Sep. 2016; MKleg.; RCMK•  4 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding;  19 Aug. 2017; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; Roggeveld Mts,  2 kmS of Farm Perdekloof, river, dolerite; 31°47′35″ S, 19°58′16″ E;  1220 ma.s.l.;  24 Aug. 2018; MKleg.; RCMK•  6 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding;  1 Sep. 2017; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; SANC•  1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding;  2 Sep. 2017; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♀;  10 kmN of Nieuwoudtville, Farm Grasberg, dolerite hill; 31°18′01″ S, 19°05′42″ E;  800 ma.s.l.;  12 Sep. 2009; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♀;  20 kmS of Nieuwoudtville, Farm Papkuilsfontein, Fynbos; 31°33′16″ S, 19°08′31″ E;  680 ma.s.l.;  20 Sep. 2014; MKleg.; RCMK•  2 ♀♀; Cederberg Mts, road to Algeria, Olifants River bridge; 32°21′55″ S, 18°57′06″ E;  150 ma.s.l.;  8 Sep. 2017; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; Gemsbokrivier-Pad,  4.5 kmNE of Grootdrif, road side; 31°25′54″ S, 18°55′16″ E;  170 ma.s.l.;  4 Sep. 2016; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  10 Jun. 2016; MKleg.; RCMK•  2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding;  15 Aug. 2011; MKleg.; RCMK• same collection data as for preceding;  20 Aug. 2011; MKleg.; RCMK•  2 ♂♂;  20 Aug. 2010; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  17 Aug. 2010; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  19 Aug. 2010; MKleg.; RCMK•  2 ♂♂; Keiski Mts,  5 kmS of Farm Nooiensrivier, dolerite hill; 31°45′54″ S, 19°50′17″ E;  1270 ma.s.l.;  29 Aug. 2011; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; NHML•  1 ♂; Knersvlakte, along Gemsbokrivier-Pad; 31°26′40″ S, 18°56′23 E;  195 ma.s.l.;  5 Jun. 2013; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  20 May 2013; MKleg.; RCMK•  2 ♂♂; N Cape, Fynbos,  15 kmNW of Nieuwoudtville, Farm Engelsepunt; 31°14′31″ S, 18°59′08″ E;  830 ma.s.l.;  22 Jul. 2003; KTleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  6 Aug. 2003; KTleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  26 Jul. 2003; KTleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  26 Jul. 2003; KTleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding;  7 Aug. 2003; KTleg.; RCMK•  1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding;  6 Oct. 2003; KTleg.; RCMK•  2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding;  7 Oct. 2003; KTleg.; RCMK•  1 ♀; NHML•  14 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding;  24 Sep. 2009; KTleg.; RCMK•  1 ♀; NHML•  1 ♂; N Cape, Fynbos,  15 kmNW of Nieuwoudtville, near farm Engelsepunt; 31°14′08″ S, 18°58′23″ E;  843 ma.s.l.;  13 Sep. 2003; KTleg.; RCMK•  2 ♂♂; N Cape, Nieuwoudtville, Glen Lyon, garden; 31°24′03″ S, 19°08′34″ E;  700 ma.s.l.;  27 Aug. 2003; MKleg.; RCMK•  1 ♂; Plateau Hantam Mts, near antenna,  9 kmN of Calvinia; 31°22′29″ S, 19°47′03″ E;  1570 ma.s.l.;  7 Jun. 2013; MKleg.; RCMK•  2 ♂♂; same collection as for preceding;  30 Aug. 2011; MKleg.; RCMK( 1 ♂ NHML)•  2 ♂♂; W Cape, Knersvlakte, Vanrhynsdorp, urban garden; 31°36′31″ S, 18°44′02″ E;  3 Aug. 2003; KTleg.; RCMK•  5 ♀♀; Farm Dassiefontein near Kamieskroon; 30°09′ S, 17°59′ E;  1100 ma.s.l.;  1 Oct. 1990; CE leg.; SANC•  1 ♀; Doringrivier, N Nieuwoudtville; 31°18′ S, 19°07′ E;  760 ma.s.l.;  28 Sep. 1990; CEleg.; SANC•  1 ♀; Clanwilliam Dist., Biedouw Valley; 32°08′ S, 19°14′ E;  330 ma.sl.;  5–7 Sep. 1987; CEleg.; SANC•  1 ♀; W Cape, Villiersdorp; 33°58′ S, 19°16′ E;  1030 ma.s.l.;  29 Sep. 2001; CEleg.; SANC•  1 ♀; W Cape, Hermanus; 34°14′ S, 18°26′ E;  250 ma.sl.;  29 Sep. 2001; CEleg.; SANC•  1 ♀, 4 ♂♂;  200 m S Farm Boskloof,  18 kmS of Calvinia on R355; 31°38′36″ S, 19°44′36″ E;  1000 ma.s.l.;  22 Sep. 2022; MKleg.; RCMK•  3 ♂♂; Roggeveld Mts,  2 kmS of Farm Perdekloof, river, dolerite; 31°47′35″ S, 19°58′16″ E;  1220 ma.s.l.;  28 Sep. 2022; MKleg.; RCMK•  4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding;  20 Sep. 2022; HEleg.; RCMK•  1 ♀; Farm Avontuur, Fynbos,  12 kmNW of Nieuwoudtville; 31°16′18″ S, 19°02′55″ E;  770 ma.s.l.;  2 Sep. 2022; MKleg.; RCMK.    Description  Female  BODY LENGTH. 7.6–8.3 mm.  HEAD. Slightly wider than long. Integument black, mandibles dark brownish to reddish. Face irregularly and sparsely covered with greyish hair, more densely around basis of antennae. Ocelli in line with posterior margin of compound eyes. Clypeus medially with shallow longitudinal depression; punctation fine and irregular (i = 1–3 d). Surface between punctures smooth and shiny ( Fig. 36B). Malar area medially narrow, slightly curved. Antennal flagella ventrally yellow, dorsally black. Supraclypeal area at upper margin distinctly emarginated and edges slightly extended.  MESOSOMA. Integument black, pronotal lobe black. Scutum coarsely and irregularly punctate (i = 0.5–2 d); surface between punctures smooth and shiny ( Fig. 36C). Metanotum about half as long as scutellum. Propodeum anterior longitudinal broad and fine carinae and posterior finer transverse carinae ( Fig. 36D). Scutum, scutellum, metanotum and mesepisternum sparsely covered with short, greyish, erect hair.  WINGS. Yellowish-brown, stigma and wing venation brownish ( Fig. 36A).  LEGS. Integument black, fore tibia with yellow spot. Vestiture greyish-white, scopa greyish to brownish, partly black ( Fig. 36A).  METASOMA. Integument brownish to black, marginal zones light brownish. Hair field of short, greyish, erect hair basolaterally on T2 ( Fig. 36F). Basally on T3–T4 hair bands, which cover about one fifth of T4, less on T3. T3 anterior of premarginal line with row of hairs ( Fig. 36E). Prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae dark brownish to black. Disc of T1 sparsely (i = 3–5 d), finely and shallowly punctate ( Fig. 36F); discs of T2–T4 shallowly and irregularly (i = 3–6 d) punctate. Surface between punctures smooth and shiny. T3 anterior of premarginal line with row of points across complete width of tergum ( Fig. 36E).  Male  BODY LENGTH. 7.8–8.4 mm.  HEAD. Slightly wider than long. Integument black, mandibles dark brownish to reddish. Face densely covered with long, white, erect hair. Ocelli in line with posterior margin of compound eyes. Malar area medially narrow, slightly curved. Antennal flagella ventrally yellow, dorsally black.  MESOSOMA. Integument black; pronotal lobe black. Scutum relatively regularly, coarsely and densely (i = 0.1–1.5 d) punctate; surface between punctures smooth and shiny ( Fig. 37B). Propodeum completely coarsely rugulose-areolate ( Fig. 37C–D). Scutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum sparsely covered with long, greyish, erect hair.  WINGS. Yellowish-brown, stigma and wing venation brownish ( Fig. 37A).  LEGS. Integument black, fore and mid tibia with yellow spot. Vestiture greyish-white ( Fig. 37A).  METASOMA. Integument black, marginal zone brownish. Disc of T1 sparsely haired ( Fig. 37F), T2– T3 basally greyish, dense, short, erect hair band, covering about half of tergum; T4 with short hairs, getting longer towards posterior. T3–T4 anterior of premarginal line with row of short, erect, greyish hair ( Fig. 37E). Punctation on discs of T2–T4 dense (i = 0.1 d); narrow, impunctate, non-continuous stripe apicolaterally on all terga, getting broader towards posterior ( Fig. 37E).  TERMINALIA. Genitalia ( Fig. 38A), S7 ( Fig. 38B–D) and terminal plate of S8 ( Fig. 38C) as illustrated.    Distribution Apparently widespread in western South Africaand recorded from Springbok down south at least to the wider Nieuwoudtville and Calvinia areas. As not all of the specimens listed under  S. nitidusby Eardley (1996)could be studied the distribution of this species is not clear. However, it is almost certain that the record of a female  S. nitidusfrom Kenya( Davies et al.2005: 177) does not belong to this species because it is far outside the range of the species. Unfortunately, no reference specimen could be found in SANC so it is impossible to investigate the identity of the species.    Floral hosts On  Seneciosp.,  Feliciasp.( Asteraceae) and various unidentified yellow Asteraceae.   Seasonal activity May–October. 4499843443 2018-08-29 RCMK MK South Africa 1290 -31.825556 Roggeveld Mts 20 19.998611 52 53 3 3 4499843642 2017-09-10 RCMK MK South Africa 1400 -30.335835 Kamiesberg Mts 20 18.106667 52 53 1 1 4499843553 [189,1086,417,444] 2016-09-11 RCMK MK South Africa 1400 -30.335835 Kamiesberg Mts 20 18.106667 52 53 1 1 1 4499843542 2017-09-18 RCMK MK South Africa 1350 53 54 -32.388058 Sutherland 20 20.44222 52 53 1 1 4499843383 2017-09-01 RCMK MK South Africa 1270 -31.818056 Roggeveld Mts 20 19.987501 53 54 4 4 4499843476 2017-09-07 RCMK MK South Africa 5 -32.105278 Strandveld 20 18.304443 Lamberts Bay 53 54 1 1 4499843335 2016-09-13 RCMK MK South Africa 1190 -31.758055 Keiski Mts 20 19.90361 53 54 4 4 4499843366 2016-09-15 RCMK MK South Africa 1190 -31.758055 Keiski Mts 20 19.90361 53 54 1 1 4499843332 2017-08-19 RCMK MK South Africa 1190 -31.758055 Keiski Mts 20 19.90361 53 54 4 4 4499843588 2018-08-24 RCMK MK South Africa 1220 -31.793055 Roggeveld Mts 20 19.971111 53 54 1 1 4499843516 2017-09-01 RCMK MK South Africa 1220 -31.793055 Roggeveld Mts 20 19.971111 53 54 6 6 4499843653 2017-09-01 SANC MK South Africa 1220 -31.793055 Roggeveld Mts 20 19.971111 53 54 1 1 4499843347 [428,1316,582,608] 2017-09-02 RCMK MK South Africa 1220 -31.793055 Roggeveld Mts 20 19.971111 53 54 1 1 1 4499843449 2009-09-12 RCMK MK South Africa 800 -31.300278 Farm Grasberg 20 19.095001 53 54 1 1 4499843353 2014-09-20 RCMK MK South Africa 680 -31.554443 Fynbos 20 19.141945 Farm Papkuilsfontein 53 54 1 1 4499843551 2017-09-08 RCMK MK South Africa Cederberg Mts 150 -32.365276 road to Algeria 20 18.951668 Algeria 53 54 2 2 4499843354 2016-09-04 RCMK MK South Africa 170 -31.431665 Gemsbokrivier-Pad 20 18.92111 53 54 1 1 4499843327 [497,1398,793,819] 2016-06-10 RCMK MK South Africa 170 -31.431665 Gemsbokrivier-Pad 20 18.92111 53 54 1 1 4499843387 [208,1129,828,855] 2011-08-15 RCMK MK South Africa 170 -31.431665 Gemsbokrivier-Pad 20 18.92111 53 54 2 2 4499843580 2011-08-20 RCMK MK South Africa 170 -31.431665 Gemsbokrivier-Pad 20 18.92111 53 54 1 2 4499843313 [795,1252,863,890] 2010-08-20 RCMK MK South Africa 53 54 2 2 4499843504 2010-08-17 RCMK MK South Africa 53 54 1 1 4499843552 2010-08-19 RCMK MK South Africa 53 54 1 1 4499843364 2011-08-29 RCMK MK South Africa 1270 54 55 -31.765 Keiski Mts 20 19.838057 53 54 2 2 4499843426 2011-08-29 NHML MK South Africa 1270 -31.765 Keiski Mts 20 19.838057 54 55 1 1 4499843501 2013-06-05 RCMK MK South Africa 195 -31.444443 along Gemsbokrivier-Pad 20 18.939722 Knersvlakte 54 55 1 1 4499843460 2013-05-20 RCMK MK South Africa 195 -31.444443 Gemsbokrivier-Pad 20 18.939722 Knersvlakte 54 55 1 1 4499843611 2003-07-22 RCMK KT South Africa 830 -31.241945 Farm Engelsepunt 20 18.985556 N Cape 54 55 2 2 Western Cape 4499843315 2003-08-06 RCMK KT South Africa 830 -31.241945 Farm Engelsepunt 20 18.985556 Fynbos 54 55 1 1 Western Cape 4499843592 [542,1398,441,467] 2003-07-26 RCMK KT South Africa 830 -31.241945 Farm Engelsepunt 20 18.985556 Fynbos 54 55 1 1 Western Cape 4499843492 [207,1072,476,503] 2003-07-26 RCMK KT South Africa 830 -31.241945 Farm Engelsepunt 20 18.985556 Fynbos 54 55 1 1 Western Cape 4499843406 2003-08-07 RCMK KT South Africa 830 -31.241945 Farm Engelsepunt 20 18.985556 Fynbos 54 55 1 1 Western Cape 4499843368 2003-10-06 RCMK KT South Africa 830 -31.241945 Farm Engelsepunt 20 18.985556 Fynbos 54 55 1 1 1 Western Cape 4499843664 [491,1398,546,573] 2003-10-07 RCMK KT South Africa 830 -31.241945 Farm Engelsepunt 20 18.985556 Fynbos 54 55 2 2 1 Western Cape 4499843323 [208,356,582,608] NHML South Africa 54 55 1 1 4499843497 [385,1316,582,608] 2009-09-24 RCMK KT South Africa 830 -31.241945 Farm Engelsepunt 20 18.985556 Fynbos 54 55 14 14 1 Western Cape 4499843455 NHML South Africa 54 55 1 1 4499843318 2003-09-13 RCMK KT South Africa 843 -31.235556 near farm Engelsepunt 20 18.973057 Fynbos 54 55 1 1 Cape 4499843601 2003-08-27 RCMK MK South Africa Nieuwoudtville 700 -31.400833 Glen Lyon 20 19.142778 N Cape 54 55 2 2 Western Cape 4499843330 2013-06-07 RCMK MK South Africa 1570 -31.374722 Plateau Hantam Mts 20 19.784166 54 55 1 1 4499843306 [363,1399,758,784] 2011-08-30 RCMK, NHML MK South Africa 1570 -31.374722 Plateau Hantam Mts 20 19.784166 54 55 3 3 4499843613 2003-08-03 RCMK KT South Africa Knersvlakte -31.608612 Vanrhynsdorp 20 18.733889 W Cape 54 55 2 2 Western Cape 4499843451 1990-10-01 SANC South Africa 1100 -30.15 Farm Dassiefontein near Kamieskroon 1223 17.983334 Farm 54 55 5 5 4499843627 1990-09-28 SANC CE South Africa 760 -31.3 N Nieuwoudtville 1216 19.116667 Doringrivier 54 55 1 1 4499843338 1987-09-05 1987-09-07 1987-09-05 SANC CE South Africa 330 -32.133335 Biedouw Valley 1212 19.233334 Clanwilliam Dist. 54 55 1 1 4499843440 2001-09-29 SANC CE South Africa 1030 -33.966667 Villiersdorp 1202 19.266666 W Cape 54 55 1 1 Western Cape 4499843579 2001-09-29 SANC CE South Africa 250 -34.233334 Hermanus 1200 18.433332 W Cape 54 55 1 1 Western Cape 4499843567 2022-09-22 RCMK MK South Africa 200 -31.643333 S Farm Boskloof 20 19.743334 54 55 5 1 4 4499843429 2022-09-28 RCMK MK South Africa 1220 -31.793055 Roggeveld Mts 20 19.971111 54 55 3 3 4499843380 2022-09-20 RCMK HE South Africa 1220 -31.793055 Roggeveld Mts 20 19.971111 54 55 4 4 3 4499843374 2022-09-02 RCMK MK South Africa 770 -31.271666 Farm Avontuur 20 19.04861 Farm 54 55 1 1