Mylabris sexmaculata Olivier, 1811: 98 Mylabris superba Faldermann, 1837: 123 Mylabris bimaculata Klug, 1845: 32 Mylabris ledereri Marseul, 1870: 57 Zonabris ledereri var. onerata Escherich, 1899: 109 Hycleus sexmaculatus , Bologna & Turco, 2007: 17 Revision of the Hycleus sexmaculatus species group (Coleoptera: Meloidae Mylabrini) Serri, Sayeh Bologna, Marco A. Riccieri, Alessandra Zootaxa 2020 2020-06-10 4790 1 1 42   Hycleus sexmaculatus , Bologna & Turco, 2007: 17   (Olivier, 1811) Olivier 1811 [151,605,1536,1563] Insecta Meloidae Hycleus GBIF Animalia Coleoptera 25 26 Arthropoda species sexmaculatus      Mylabris sexmaculata Olivier, 1811: 98.     Mylabris superba Faldermann, 1837: 123.     Mylabris bimaculata Klug, 1845: 32.     Mylabris ledereri Marseul, 1870: 57.     Zonabris ledererivar. onerata Escherich, 1899: 109.     Hycleus sexmaculatus, Bologna & Turco, 2007: 17.    Typematerial. The typeof this species is lost, but we examined at MNHNspecimens in the Marseul’s collection from the XIX century, which contain samples probably compared with the Olivier’s types. Five possible syntypesof  Mylabris bimaculata Klug, 1845, housed at MNHB, which was always considered as a distinct species of the same group, were studied by one of us ( MABC) and synonymized with  H. sexmaculatus( Bologna & Turco 2007). One female (with left antennae broken) along with four other specimens (some without antennae, one without head and pronotum), probably syntypes(two from Arabia and two from Syria), have the following labels: “  bimaculataN. Arab. Ol.” [yellow, original, handwritten], “28658” [printed]; “Hist. Coll. Nr. 28658” [printed]; Zool. Mus. Berl.” [printed].  Typelocality: “Arabia” ( Olivier 1811).   FIGURES 91–97.  Hycleus sexmaculatus(Olivier): 91. male antenna; 92. female antenna; 93. tegmen, ventral view; 94. tegmen, lateral view; 95. aedeagus, lateral view; 96. mesosternum; 97. elytral pattern. Scale bar: 1 mm.  Additional material examined.   Armenia.4 exx. Armenia( MRSN).   Azerbaijan.  1 ex. Elisabetpol( SMNS).   Caucasus.Caucasus, 2 exx. ( MRSN), 2 exx. ( MCZR), 10 exx. ( MNHN).   Iran. 1 ♂ 1 ♀ NW Iran, 26 km, SSE Khoy,  6.VII.1973, Loc. No.267, Exp. Nat. Mus. Praha( NMPC);  1♀ NW Iran, 25 km, SE Shahpus,  27–28.VII.1977, Loc. No.406, Exp. Nat. Mus. Praha( NMPC);  2 ♂ East Azarbaijan prov., Tabriz,  VII.1959, leg. Manuchehri( HMIM);  2 ♂ East Azarbaijan prov., Tabriz,  VII.1959, leg. Goudarzi( HMIM);  5 ♂ 1 ♀ Hamedan prov., E Malayer, Zangeneh, Lashgardarprotected region, Golparabad area, up to the end of the road, nr. Departmentof environment station, N 34 12 25.9 E 49 00 57.5,  2404 m,  6.VII.2017, leg. Serri( HMIM);  2 ♂ 1 ♀ Kordestan prov.,  23 kmNE Baneh, Saghez- Baneh,  1750 m,  2.VII.1975, leg. Pazuki( HMIM);  1 ♂ Kordestan prov., Marivan, Dare Toofi,  1370 m,  21.VIII.2011, leg. Mofidi& Ebrahimi( HMIM);  1 ♂ Semnan prov., Tape Gerayeli, Dasht-e Danial,  10. VI.1957, leg. Mirzayans( HMIM);  1 ex. Perse( MNHN).   Israel- Palestine. 1 ex. Arad-Mazada rd.( MUH); 2 exx. Jericho( MSNV); 12 exx. Jericho( MNHN);  1 ex. Maale Hdanmin( Haadnmin) ( MUH);  1 ex. H. Fasayil, Lower Jordan valley( MUH);  1 ex. Mash’abbe Sade( MUH).   Russia. 1 ex. Crimea( MSRSN).   Syria. 1 ♂ 1 ♀ Akbes, coll Reitter( HNHM);  2 ♂ 1 ♀ Akbès, summer 1890, leg. Delagrange, Slg. R. Oberthür, coll. E. Martin( HNHM);  1 ex. Syrie( MNHN).   Turkey.2 exx. Asia Minor( MRSN); 1 ex Adana( BMNH);  1 ex. Adana, Aladağ Büyüksofulu Köyü12.VII ( COZ);  1 ex. Adana, Gülek; 2 exx. Adana, Osmanye,  Pinusforest;  2 ♂ 3 ♀ Turkey, Adiyaman prov., 21 Gölbazidint.,  900 m,  14.6.1986, leg. Bologna( MABC, HMIM); 4 exx Akşhehir( SMNS);  1 ♂ 1 ♀ SE Anatolia, Osmanye(  PinusForest),  VII.1976, leg. A. Casale( MABC);  1 ex. Antakya( ZSM);  1 ♂ Antalia,  7. VI.1969( MABC);  1 ex. Antalya( ZSM);  1 ex. Beylik Köprü( MNHB);  1ex. Elazig( BMNH); 2 exx. Kayseri( MNHB); 8 exx. Malatya( MCNV);  1 ex. Malatya, Eskimalatya( MABC);  1 ♂ 1 ♀ Malatya,  23. VI.1965, leg. Pierotti& Perissinotto( MABC);  1 ♀ Turkey, Mersin prov., 10 Mut, ca  400 m,  8.6.1980, leg. Bologna( MABC);  1 ♂ SE Turkey, Gülek( Adana),  8.VIII.1976, leg. Casale( MABC);  1♀ Gaziantep,  16.VII.1984( MABC);  1 ♀ Bitlis prov., Tatvan Benckliköyu,  5.VIII.2000, leg. Crucitti, Vignoli& Facheris( MABC);  1 ♀ Tauro,  1300 m,  12.VIII.1966, leg. Sbordoni( MABC);  1 ♀ Elazig prov., Gözeli,  24. VI.1968, leg. Sbordoni( MABC);  3 ♂ 3 ♀ Turkey, Van,  1700 m, 5.VIII.67, leg. G. Gardini( MABC, HMIM).  Records from literature. Armenia.Armenia ( Baudi di Selve 1878aas  ledereri; Baudi di Selve 1878bas  superbaand  ledereri; Bologna 2008; Ghahari & Campos-Soldini 2019). Azerbaijan.Azerbaijan (Bologna 2008; Ghahari & Campos-Soldini 2019). Central Asia.Central Asia ( Bologna 1979); Turkestan ( Dokhtouroff 1889as  ledereri; Sumakov 1930; Bologna 2008; Ghahari & Campos-Soldini 2019). Caucasus.Caucasus ( Marseul 1870, 1872, both also as  ledereri; Sumakov 1915, 1930also as  bimaculata; Mader 1927a; Kuzin 1954; Bologna 1979; Chikatunov, 1999, 2003; Bologna & Turco 2007; Koçak & Kemal 2015).  Egypt. Sinai( Chikatunov 2003).  Georgia.Georgia (Bologna 2008; Ghahari & Campos-Soldini 2019).  Iran.Iran ( Marseul 1870, 1872, both also as  bimaculata; Sumakov 1915, 1930also as  bimaculata; Mader 1927aas  bimaculata; Bologna 1979; Chikatunov 1999also as  bimaculata,2003; Bologna & Turco 2007; Bologna 2008; Koçak & Kemal 2015; Ghahari & Campos-Soldini 2019); East Azarbaijan, Khorasan, Khuzestan( Mirzayans 1970; Modarres Awal 1997, 2012); Khorasan( Farahbakhsh 1961); Khorassan, Chahroud, Dacht-danial; Azarbaidjan, Tabriz; Khouzestan, Dagionbadan ( Mirzayans 1970).  Iraq.Assur; Badija ( Holdhaus 1920also as  bimaculata).  Israel- Palestine.Syro-Palaestinian region ( Bologna 1988also as  bimaculata); Golan Heights, Central Coastal plain, Southern Coastal plain, Judean desert, valley of Yizre’d, Dead Sea area, northern Negev, central Negev ( Chikatunov 1999also as  bimaculata, 2003); Israel-Palestine (Bologna 2008; Ghahari & Campos-Soldini 2019); Levant ( Bologna & Turco 2007).  Jordan.Jordan (Bologna 2008; Ghahari & Campos-Soldini 2019).  Kazakhstan.Kazakhstan ( Bologna & Turco 2007; Bologna 2008; Ghahari & Campos- Soldini 2019).  Saudi Arabia.Arabia ( Olivier 1811 typelocality of  Mylabris bimaculataKlug; Baudi di Selve 1878aas  superba; Baudi di Selve 1878balso as  superba; Bologna 1979, doubtful record, which could refer to some areas of the northern Arabian Desert in Jordan or Iraq); Saudi Arabia (Bologna 2008; Ghahari & Campos-Soldini 2019).  Syria.( Baudi di Selve 1878aas  ledereriand  bimaculata; Baudi di Selve 1878balso as  ledereri; Marseul 1870, 1872, both also as  ledereriand  bimaculata; Sumakov 1915also as  bimaculata; Mader 1927a; Kuzin 1954; Bologna 1979, 2008; Chikatunov 1999; Koçak & Kemal 2015; Ghahari & Campos-Soldini 2019  Russia.Southern Russia ( Olivier 1811, typelocality; Bologna 1979; Bologna & Turco 2007; Bologna 2008; Koçak & Kemal 2015; Ghahari & Campos-Soldini 2019); Crimea ( Baudi di Selve 1878a, 1878b); Cherson ( Sumakov 1930); Dagestan( Kuzin 1954).  Turkey.Turkey ( Bologna 1979; Chikatunov 1999also as  bimaculata; Koçak & Kemal 2009also as bmaculata; Koçak & Kemal 2010; 2015); Anatolia ( Baudi di Selve, 1878aas  bimaculata; Bologna & Turco 2007); Asia Minor ( Marseul 1870, 1872, both also as  ledereri; Baudi di Selve 1878aas  superba; Baudi di Selve 1878balso as  superba; Sumakov 1915, 1930also as  bimaculata; Mader 1927a; Kuzin 1954); Kisilgye-Aolle ( Marseul 1870, 1872, both as  ledereri); Malatya prov.( Koçak & Kemal 2015); Elazig, Harput ( Özbek & Szaloki 1998as  bimaculata); Içel, Silifke ( Özbek & Szaloki 1998as  bimaculata).  Ukraine.Ukraine ( Kuzin 1954; Bologna & Turco 2007; Bologna 2008; Ghahari & Campos-Soldini 2019); Tauria ( Sumakov 1930as  bimaculata).  Chikatunov (2003)generically cited this species from SE Mediterranean, and Koçak & Kemal (2015)erroneously recorded it from United Arab Emirates.   Description.Body length 9–17 mm. Body black, but elytra yellowish brown (in some specimens more reddish), with black pattern. Head subquadrate; antennomere III half longer than IV, V–VIII transverse and progressively widened, IX–X narrower than VIII, male ( Fig. 91) XI curved and elongated and longer than antennomere X; in female ( Fig. 92) shorter than X. Pronotum ( Fig. 22) as long as wide and strongly convex; mesosternun as in Fig. 96. Each elytron with two black spots on anterior third, one sinuate middle fascia, and one black narrow fascia on apical part ( Fig. 97); male last ventrite regularly convex, posterior margin with one middle deep emargination; aedeagus ( Fig. 95) with endophallic hook narrow, distal aedeagal hook curved, far from proximal one and close to apex, proximal hook short and slightly curved; gonoforceps ( Figs 93–94) narrow from middle both ventral and lateral view; sinuate posteriad on apical third.  Taxonomic remarks. Bologna (1979)figured and described male genitalia, antennae and mesosternum of specimens from Turkey. The variability of elytral pattern, with the apical black margin more or less extended, was described by Escherich (1899)who synonymized  ledereriMarseulwith  sexmaculatus; this pattern of variability is also present in other populations. The variability concerns the shape of pronotum, more or less parallel in front, but was unable to define discrete differences among populations. This species is very close to  Hycleus pirataand to  H. hayki. It can be distinguished by the shape of antennae, pronotum and the male genitalia. The shape of pronotum is a constant feature, but the shape of last antennomere and of apical fascia of elytra show variability among specimens. The synonymy of this species is quite complex. One of us ( Bologna & Turco 2007) studied typesof  Mylabris bimaculataKlugand synonymized it with  H. sexmaculatus; moreover, the name  bimaculatais preoccupied by  Mylabris bimaculata Olivier, 1811belonging to the complex of  M.( Eumylabris) calida(Pallas 1871).   Distribution.This species is widely distributed in the eastern Mediterranean regions ( Turkey, Levant and Sinai), southern Ukraineand southern Russia, Caucasian region, Iraqand possibly northern Arabian peninsula, Iran; it is recorded generically from Kazakhstan. [573,978,1429,1457] MRSN Armenia Armenia Armenia 26 27 1 [988,1124,1429,1456] Armenia Azerbaijan 26 27 1 [1136,1433,1430,1457] SMNS Elisabetpol Armenia 26 27 1 [151,569,1465,1493] MRSN Armenia Caucasus. Caucasus 26 27 1 1973-07-06 NMPC NW Iran & Loc. No. & Exp. Nat. Mus. Praha Iran Khoy 26 27 2 1 1 1977-07-27 1977-07-28 1977-07-27 NMPC NW Iran & SE Shahpus & Loc. No. & Exp. Nat. Mus. Praha Iran 26 27 1 1 [616,1411,1537,1565] 1959-07 HMIM Manuchehri Iran Tabriz East Azarbaijan prov. 26 27 2 2 1959-07 HMIM Goudarzi Iran Tabriz East Azarbaijan prov. 26 27 2 2 2017-07-06 HMIM E Malayer & Zangeneh & Lashgardar & Serri Iran 2404 34.207195 Department 1 49.015972 Golparabad area 26 27 6 1 5 Hamadan 1975-07-02 HMIM Pazuki Iran 1750 Baneh 26 27 3 1 2 Kordestan 2011-08-21 HMIM Mofidi & Ebrahimi Iran 1370 Dare Toofi Marivan 26 27 1 1 Kordestan 1957-06-10 VI, HMIM Mirzayans Iran Dasht-e Danial Tape Gerayeli 26 27 1 1 Semnan [264,503,1754,1781] MNHN Perse Iran 26 27 1 [514,1061,1753,1781] MUH Israel Arad-Mazada rd. 26 27 1 [1073,1341,1754,1781] MSNV Palestine Jericho 26 27 1 MNHN Palestine Jericho 26 27 1 [359,840,1790,1817] MUH Haadnmin Palestine Maale Hdanmin 26 27 1 [852,1370,1790,1817] MUH H. Fasayil Palestine Lower Jordan valley 26 27 1 MUH Mash'abbe Sade Palestine 26 27 1 [445,811,1825,1853] MSRSN Crimea Russia Russia 26 27 1 [822,1330,1825,1853] HNHM Akbes & Reitter Syria Syria 26 27 2 1 1 R, HNHM Delagrange & Slg. & Oberthur & E. Martin Syria Akbes 26 27 3 1 2 [1095,1333,1862,1889] MNHN Syrie Syria 26 27 1 MRSN Asia Minor Turkey Turkey 26 27 1 [483,727,1898,1925] BMNH Turkey Adana 26 27 1 Adana [740,1367,1898,1925] COZ Aladag Buyuksofulu Koyu Turkey Adana 26 27 1 Adana Osmanye Turkey Gulek 26 27 1 Adana 1986-06-14 MABC, HMIM Bologna Turkey 900 Golbazi Turkey 26 27 5 3 2 Adiyaman [633,905,1970,1997] SMNS Turkey Akshehir 26 27 1 1976-07 MABC SE Anatolia & A. Casale Turkey Osmanye 26 27 2 1 1 [545,785,2006,2033] ZSM Antakya Turkey 26 27 1 [797,1165,2006,2033] 1969-06-07 VI, MABC Turkey Antalia 26 27 1 1 Antalya [1176,1411,2006,2033] ZSM Turkey Antalya 26 27 1 Antalya MNHB Beylik Kopru Turkey 27 28 26 27 1 [464,701,153,179] BMNH Turkey Elazig 27 28 1 Elazig [711,982,153,179] MNHB Turkey Kayseri 27 28 1 Kayseri [992,1269,153,179] MCNV Turkey Malatya 27 28 1 Malatya MABC Eskimalatya Turkey Malatya 27 28 1 Malatya [417,1196,188,215] 1965-06-23 VI, MABC Pierotti & Perissinotto Turkey Malatya 27 28 2 1 1 Malatya 1980-06-08 MABC Bologna Turkey 400 Mut Turkey 27 28 1 1 Mersin 1976-08-08 MABC SE Turkey & Gulek & Casale Turkey Adana 27 28 1 1 Adana [268,691,260,286] 1984-07-16 MABC Turkey Gaziantep 27 28 1 1 Gaziantep 2000-08-05 MABC Crucitti & Vignoli & Facheris Turkey Tatvan Benckli 27 28 1 1 Bitlis [490,1143,296,322] 1966-08-12 MABC Sbordoni Turkey 1300 Tauro 27 28 1 1 1968-06-24 VI, MABC Sbordoni Turkey Gozeli 27 28 1 1 Elazig [567,1396,331,358] MABC, HMIM G. Gardini Turkey 1700 Turkey 27 28 6 3 3 Van