Taxonomic review and cladistic analysis of Neotropical spider genus Epicratinus Jocqué & Baert, 2005 (Araneae: Zodariidae) with description of eleven new species Gonçalves, Ricardo Antonio Brescovit, Antonio Domingos Zootaxa 2020 2020-11-30 4886 1 1 77 98ZGB Gonçalves & Brescovit, 2020 Gonçalves & Brescovit 2020 [151,385,1411,1438] Arachnida Zodariidae Epicratinus Animalia Araneae 33 34 Arthropoda species anakin sp. nov.   Figs 26–27.   Type.  Male holotypefrom Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, 19º53’19.0”S, 40º32’48.0”W, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil, IV-VIII/2006, T. Souza, T. Bernabé& E. Soeiro, deposited in IBSP 211492. Paratype: 1♀, same data of holotype, deposited in IBSP 211493.  Additional material examined:  BRAZIL, Pernambuco, Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, Serrado  Pará, 7º52’29,2”S, 36º 24’10,06”W, 1♁,  19–21/VI/2011, F.M.G. Las-Casas( UFMG 13489); 1♁ ( UFMG 13492).  Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, 19º53’19.0”S, 40º32’48.0”W, 1♀, IV–VIII/2006, T. Souza, T. Bernabé, E. Soeiro( IBSP 121299);  1♀( IBSP 122297);   Diagnosis.Males of  E. anakin  sp. nov.are easily recognized by having two carapace colors, brown in the cephalic area and dark orange near the pedicel, a medium yellow burned dorsal shield in the abdomen with four white spots (two on each side), an apical distal dorsal black apophysis on the palpal patella, RTA short with wide base directed retrolaterally. Females have the epigynum with atrium “ M-shaped” and frog-eyed spermathecae distant their diameter between them ( Figs 26, 27).   Etymology.The specific epithet is a noun taken in apposition and is in reference to Anakin Skywalker, a fictional character in George Lucas film, “Star Wars”. Anakin is a character which change from the light side to the dark side of the “Force” and becomes evil in the plot. The two colors of the male carapace remind that change.   Description. Male(IBSP 211492). Color: carapace brown in the cephalic area and dark orange near the pedicel, yellow sternum with dark orange border, orange-brown chelicerae, pale yellow coxae, yellow legs; dorsal abdomen predominantly dark brown with seven white spots, the first four inside the dorsal shield (2-2-2-1) and this medium (half of the abdomen) dark yellow, short bristles throughout the abdomen; ventral abdomen pale yellow with two small pale brown spots, two pale yellow spots on each side, little sclerotinized, yellow above the epigastric furrow. Total length 4.5; carapace length 2.9; width 1.6; abdomen length 1.9; maximum length of spinnerets 0.2; chelicerae length 0.9; clypeus height 0.6. Eyes: diameters AME 0.08, ALE 0.09, PME 0.1, PLE 0.11. Interdistances AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-PME 0.1, PME-PLE 0.32, ALE-PLE 0.07. Spinulation: I: Fe d1-1-0, p0, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v2-1-2; Me d0, p0, r0, v2-2-3. II: Fe d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v1-1-2; Me d0, p0, r0, v2-0-3. III: Fe d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1-1-0, p1- 0-1, r1-0-1, v2-1-2; Me d0-1-2, p0-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-0-2. IV: Fe d1-2-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-1-2; Me d0-1-0, p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v2-1-2. Formula: 4132. Measurements of legs:     Femur  Patella  Tibia  Metatarsus  Tarsus  Total  I 1.36 0.6 1.32 1.2 1.08 5.56  II 1.32 0.6 0.94 1.04 0.6 4.5  III 1.32 0.6 0.9 1.24 0.8 4.86  IV 1.7 0.64 1.34 1.96 1.1 6.74 Palp. Femur with 2 dorsal spines (0-1-1); patella with apical distal dorsal black apophysis; tibia with a row of median bristles on the proximal/medial portion of the retrolateral margin; RTA short with wide base directed retrolaterally; cymbium with basal lateral projection above the RTA, two distal spines; subtegulum with curved ridge; tegulum with large membrane in the central area; conductor in trough format with sclerotinized tip; tegular apophysis short in linear format; short conspicuous embolus with TAEB tapered at base.   FIGURE 21.A.  Epicratinus pikachu  sp. nov.(IBSP 211494) Male palp, dorsal view. B. (IBSP 211494) and C. (IBSP 133110) Ventral view. D. (IBSP 133111) Epigynum, ventral view. E. (IBSP 133111) Vulva. F. Vulva. (Scale in A, B = 0.5; C, D, E, F = 0.2 mm.).   FIGURE 22.A.  Epicratinus stitch  sp. nov.(IBSP 55252) Habitus male, dorsal view. B. Male, ventral view. C. (IBSP 211846) Female, dorsal view. D. Female, ventral view. (Scale = 2 mm).  Female(IBSP 211493). Color: carapace dark brown uniform, dark orange sternum, dark brown chelicerae, orange coxae, dark orange legs; dorsal abdomen predominantly dark brown with five spots (2-2-1) and numerous small pale yellow dots, short bristles throughout the abdomen; ventral abdomen pale yellow with two small brown spots light, little sclerotinized, light yellow and dark orange above the epigastric furrow. Total length 6.2; carapace length 3; width 1.9; abdomen length 3; maximum length of spinnerets 0.3; chelicerae length 1.24; clypeus height 0.92. Pro and retrolateral spines on the femur IV only in the distal portion. Eyes: diameters AME 0.1, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.16. Interdistances AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.2, PME-PME 0.1, PME-PLE 0.46, ALE-PLE 0.08. Spinulation: I: Fe d1-1-0, p0, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v1-1-1; Me d0, p0, r0, v2-1-3.II: Fe d1-1- 0, p0, r0, v0; Pa d0, p0, r0, v0; Ti d0, p0, r0, v1-1-1; Me d0, p0, r0, v2-1-3. III: Fe d1-1-1, p1-0-0, r0, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v1-1-2; Me d0-1-0, p0-1-2, r2-1-2, v2-1-3.IV: Fe d1-2-1, p0, r0, v0; Pa d0-0-1, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0; Ti d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v1-1-2; Me d0-1-0, p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v2-2-2. Formula: 4132. Measurements of legs:     Femur  Patella  Tibia  Metatarsus  Tarsus  Total  I 1.78 0.74 1.42 1.3 1.12 6.36  II 1.52 0.74 1.12 0.86 0.96 5.2  III 1.44 0.76 1.08 1.3 0.9 5.48  IV 1.76 0.82 1.6 2.12 1.2 7.5   FIGURE 23.A.  Epicratinus stitch  sp. nov.(IBSP 55252) Male palp, dorsal view. B. (IBSP 55252) and C. (IBSP 140506) Ventral view. D. (IBSP 211846) Epigynum, ventral view. E. (IBSP 140537) Vulva. F. Vulva. (Scale in A, B = 0.5; C = 0.3; D, E, F = 0.2 mm). Epigynum. Epigynal plate oval, wider than long. Ventrally presents atrium “M-shaped” (frog-eye shaped). Vulva presents semicircular spermathecae with visible chamber in each of them. Visible in transparency.  Variation.Males (n = 3): total length 4.5‾4.6, carapace 2.9‾3.1, femur I 1.36‾1.39. Females (n = 3): total length 6‾6.2, carapace 3‾3.06, femur I 1.7‾1.78.   Distribution.Only known from the typelocality ( Fig. 41). 2988730364 IBSP T. Souza & T. Bernabe & E. Soeiro Brazil -19.88861 Espirito Santo 1 -40.546665 33 34 IBSP 211492, IBSP 211493 2 1 1 Espirito Santo holotype 2988730342 [569,1224,1621,1647] Serra Brazil Santa Cruz do Capibaribe 33 34 1 Pernambuco 2988730387 2011-06-19 2011-06-21 2011-06-19 UFMG F. M. G. Las-Casas Brazil -7.874778 Para 1 -36.402798 33 34 UFMG 13489 1 Para 2988730374 [972,1192,1657,1685] UFMG Brazil 33 34 UFMG 13492 1 Para 2988730399 IBSP T. Souza & T. Bernabe & E. Soeiro Brazil -19.88861 Reserva Biologica Augusto Ruschi 1 -40.546665 Santa Teresa 33 34 IBSP 121299 1 1 Espirito Santo 2988730380 [445,658,1729,1755] IBSP Brazil 33 34 IBSP 122297 1 1 Espirito Santo