Manucodia ater altera Rothschild and Hartert, 1903a: 84 Manucodia ater alter Rothschild and Hartert, 1903 Hartert, 1919: 128 Mayr, 1962d: 185 Gilliard, 1969: 95–100 Coates, 1990: 430–431 Cracraft, 1992: 8–9 Frith and Beehler, 1998: 211–217 Frith and Frith, 2009b: 462–463 Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae Lecroy, Mary Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 2014-12-30 2014 393 1 165 Rothschild and Hartert Rothschild and Hartert [93,619,1338,1361] Aves Paradisaeidae Manucodia Animalia Passeriformes 92 92 Chordata subSpecies ater altera      Manucodia ater altera Rothschild and Hartert, 1903a: 84(Sudest Island, Louisiade Islands).  Now  Manucodia ater alter Rothschild and Hartert, 1903. See  Hartert, 1919: 128;  Mayr, 1962d: 185;  Gilliard, 1969: 95–100;  Coates, 1990: 430–431;  Cracraft, 1992: 8–9;  Frith and Beehler, 1998: 211–217; and  Frith and Frith, 2009b: 462–463.    HOLOTYPE:  AMNH 677282, adult male, collected on Sudest Island, 11.30S, 153.40E(PNG General Reference Map, 1984), Louisiade Islands, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, on  16 April 1898, by Albert S. Meek(no. 1735). Fromthe Rothschild Collection.   COMMENTS: In the original description, Rothschild and Hartert designated Meek’s specimen no. 1735 as the holotypeof alteraand divided the specimens they included in the new form into two geographic groups: group A from eastern New Guineaand the eastern Papuanislands and group B from the Aru Islands. However, at that time they saw no differences between the two groups and included in it all the listed specimens in their new altera. Later, they named subalter(see below) and included all the specimens listed for alteraexcept those from Sudest Island(sometimes also referred to as Tagula Island). All the specimens listed here are paratypesof altera; those listed below in shortened form are also the lectotypeand paralectotypesof subalter. Trangan Island, Aru Islands,  AMNH 677262, 677263, males,  AMNH 677264, female,  September 1900, collected by H. Kühn(nos 2456, 2451, 2453, respectively);  Sungai Wanoembai, Kobror Island, Aru Islands,  AMNH 677265, female,  September 1900, collected by Kühn(no. 2452);  Dobo, Aru Islands,  AMNH 677266, 677267, two males,  31 November 1897, collected by Kühn(nos. 414, 415),  AMNH 677268, male, 677269, female,  February 1897, collected by W. Doherty,  AMNH 677270–677273, unsexed, May-June1896, collected by H. Cayley-Webster;  Wokam Island, Aru Islands,  AMNH 677274, female,  October 1900, collected by Kühn(no. 2455);  Yule Island,  AMNH 677275, 677276, one male, one female,  October 1875(nos. 670, 671), collected by L.M. D’Albertis;  Mailu District,  AMNH 677277, sex?, July-August1895, collected by A.S. Anthony;  Mount Victoria, Owen Stanley Mountains,  AMNH 677279, unsexed, autumn 1896, collector unknown, ‘‘purchased in London’’;  Sudest Island, Louisiade Archipelago,  AMNH 677284, 677285, males, 677289–677291, females,  April 1898, collected by A.S. Meek(nos. 1761, 1729, 1766, 1736, 1724, respectively). Ofthese, AMNH 677272was exchanged to FMNHin the 1960s.   Manucodiahas been considered both masculine and feminine, but the ICZN ruled that the gender is to be masculine (see Melville and Smith, 1987: 123). Most authors have recognized subalterand accept- ed three subspecies in  Manucodia ater, but Cracraft considered the species monotypic. 3059913387 1898-04-16 AMNH Albert S. Meek Papua New Guinea -11.3 Sudest Island 777 153.4 Louisiade Islands 92 92 AMNH 677282 1 Milne Bay holotype 3059913975 Guinea-Bissau Tagula Island eastern New Sudest Island 92 92 2 holotype 3059913943 1900-09 AMNH H. Kuhn Guinea-Bissau Trangan Island Aru Islands 92 92 AMNH 677262, 677263, AMNH 677264 2 lectotype 3059913509 1900-09 AMNH Kuhn Guinea-Bissau Aru Islands Sungai Wanoembai Kobror Island 92 92 AMNH 677265 1 lectotype 3059913520 1897-02 1897-11-31 1897-02 AMNH W. Doherty Guinea-Bissau Dobo Aru Islands 92 92 AMNH 677266, 677267, AMNH 677268, AMNH 677270-677273 1 lectotype 3059913730 1900-10 AMNH Kuhn Guinea-Bissau Wokam Island Aru Islands 92 92 AMNH 677274 1 lectotype 3059913380 1875-10 AMNH L. M. D'Albertis Guinea-Bissau Yule Island 92 92 AMNH 677275, 677276 1 lectotype 3059913919 AMNH July-August & A. S. Anthony Guinea-Bissau Mailu District 92 92 AMNH 677277 1 lectotype 3059913690 AMNH London' Guinea-Bissau Mount Victoria Owen Stanley Mountains 92 92 AMNH 677279 1 lectotype 3059913983 1898-04 FMNH A. S. Meek & Of Guinea-Bissau Sudest Island Louisiade Archipelago 92 92 AMNH 677284, 677285, AMNH 677272 1 lectotype