The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community Friis, Else Marie Crane, Peter R. Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard Fossil Imprint 2019 2019-11-25 75 2 153 257 RYDIN, K. R. PEDERSEN, P. R. CRANE et E. M. FRIIS, 2006 RYDIN, K. R. PEDERSEN, P. R. CRANE et E. M. FRIIS 2006 Gnetopsida Ephedraceae Ephedrispermum GBIF Plantae Gnetales 17 170 Tracheophyta species lusitanicum  D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s.Chlamydospermous seeds that are four-angled to circular in transverse section, about 0.7 mmlong and 0.55–0.6.5 mm wide. The seed envelope is sclerenchymatic with about 40 slightly raised longitudinal ridges ( Text-fig. 11d). Ephedroid pollen grains have been observed in the micropyles of several specimens and also on the surface of the seed envelope ( Text-fig. 11e, f). A f f i n i t y a n d o t h e r o c c u r r e n c e s.  Ephedrispermum lusitanicumis common in the Torres Vedras mesofossil flora and also in the mesofossil flora from Buarcos (the typelocality for the genus and species). Seeds of  Ephedrispermumare also known from the Famalicão and Valede Água mesofossil floras, but these seeds differ in having fewer ridges on the seed envelope and in details of the associated pollen grains. The Famalicão and Valede Água specimens have been assigned to a separate species  E. tenuicostatumE.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN ( Friis et al. 2019c).  Genus  QuadrispermumE.M.FRIIS, K.R.PEDERSEN et P.R.CRANE, 2013