A new Rhopalomeris species (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae), and notes on the phylogenetic relationships between glomeridans in Vietnam Nguyen, Anh D. Nguyen, Son G. Eguchi, Katsuyuki Zootaxa 2021 2021-02-12 4927 2 257 264 581ed83d-5e2b-4537-8770-150f91382d2e Nguyen & Nguyen & Eguchi, 2021 Nguyen & Nguyen & Eguchi 2021 [151,403,1882,1909] Diplopoda Glomeridae Rhopalomeris Animalia Glomerida 2 259 Arthropoda species nagao sp. nov.  ( Figs 2–5)   Material examined.  Holotype. 1 male( IEBR-Myr 854H) Vietnam, Cao Bang Province, Pia Oac – Piaden National Park, on the trail to the peak, near Lung Pham mining site, N22.6082– E105.8693, elev. 1,600m, natural forest, 7 June 2020, leg. Anh D. Nguyen.   Paratypes. 3 males( IEBR-Myr 854P) same data as for the holotype;  1 male( IEBR-Myr 852) same locality as the holotype, but on the trail to Hang Ong, N22.5540– E105.8622, elev.  850m,  8 June 2020, leg. Anh D. Nguyen.   Diagnosis.The new species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: antennal tip with numerous sensory cones; telopods with short prefemoral and femoral trichosteles, with long, straight and acute tuberculiform distomesal femoral process, and shorter lobuliform distolateral tibial process; syncoxial lobe being slightly concave medially; syncoxial horns being longer than lobe.   FIGURE 2.  Rhopalomeris nagao sp. nov.holotype (IEBR-Myr 854H)Whole body, dorsal view (A), lateral view (B). Tömösváry organ (=TO) and ocelli (C), Collum (D). The new species differs from  R. variegata Golovatch & Semenyuk, 2016(from Highlands of Vietnam) and  R. sauda Nguyen, Sierwald & Marek, 2019(from northern Vietnam) in colouration (black colour plus several yellow spots (  R. nagao  sp. nov.) vs. variegated colour (  R. variegata) vs. yellow colour plus black spots (  R. sauda)). The new species also differs from  R. saudain length of trichosteles (short in  R. nagao  sp. nov.vs. long in  R. sauda), shape of syncoxial lobe (slightly concave medially (  R. nagao  sp. nov.) vs. slightly convex medially (  R. sauda)) and shape of femoral and tibial processes (long, straight and acute tuberculiform femoral process (  R. nagao  sp. nov.) vs. large tuberculiform process with bowed distal part (  R. sauda); shorter lobuliform tibial process (  R. nagao  sp. nov.) vs. a long, sigmoid mesad, acute tuberculiform process (  R. sauda)). Moreover, femoral process of telopods lacks a membranous apical sac which is clearly observed as in  R. carnifexand  R. variagata. Another species,  R. tonkinensis Silvestri, 1917, was described from female specimens, the male remains unknown. However, the new species is clearly distinguishable from  R. tonkinensisby the colour pattern (black plus yellow spots vs. mostly black in  R. tonkinensis), number of ocelli (7+1 vs. 8+1), and number of striae on thoracic shield (10–11 vs. 7).   Etymology.“  nagao”, noun in apposition, refers to the Nagao Environmental Foundation of Japanwhich significantly contributes to the biodiversity inventory and conservation in Vietnam.   Description. Holotypelength ca. 12.9 mm, width of thoracic shield ca. 5.4 mm. Terga black with a yellow broad median line or yellow triangular median spot on terga 3–5, and with four yellow lateral spots forming two oval marbled spots laterally ( Fig. 2A, B). Thoracic shield with similar color pattern to other terga, but smaller spots ( Fig. 3A). Anal shield (= pygidium) with a yellow large triangular spot caudomedially ( Fig. 3B). Ocelli 7+1 ( Fig. 2C), lenses convex, black contrasting against light brown background of head. Tömösváry organs transverse strongly horseshoe-shaped, 2X as long as wide ( Fig. 2C). Antenna clavate, antennomere 6 largest and longest, 1.7–1.8X long as wide. Antennal tip with numerous apical sensory cones ( Fig. 3C, D). Collum semicircular, light brown, with a marbled yellow-brown, transverse oval spot in the middle, with two distinctly transverse striae ( Fig. 2D). Second tergum with a narrow hyposchism, not reaching to caudal margin, with 10–11 striae; other terga with a stria distolaterally. Anal shield rounded, not concave medio-caudally ( Fig. 3B). Leg pair 17 strongly reduced, with 4 podomeres, with a high, regularly rounded outer coxal lobe; coxa with an apical setiferous spine ( Fig. 4A); podomere 4 with an apical seta. Leg pair 18 also strongly reduced as legs of legpair 17, with 4 podomeres, with a simple V-shaped syncoxial notch ( Fig. 4B). Telopods ( Figs 4C, D, 5) with a trapeziform, slightly concave medially, sparsely setose, central syncoxial lobe accompanying two setiferous horns, each directed ventrad, longer than syncoxial lobe. Prefemur and femur with short trichosteles. Prefemur without additional processes. Femur with a large, long, straight-directed and acute tuberculiform distomesal process. Tibia with a shorter lobuliform distolateral process. Tarsus slightly sigmoid anteriomesad, subacuminate apically, with a seta distoventrally.  Variation.Length from 11.1–15.5 mm, width of thoracic shield varies 5.4–7.8 mm. Two paratypeshave 6+1 ocelli.   FIGURE 4.  Rhopalomeris nagao sp. nov.holotype (IEBR-Myr 854H)Leg-pair 18 (A); Leg-pair 17 (B); Right telopod, anterior view (C), posterior view (D). Abbreviations: fet = femoral trichostele; pret = prefemoral trichostele; syh = syncoxial horn; syl = syncoxite lobe; dfp = distal femoral process; tp = tibial process.   FIGURE 5.  Rhopalomeris nagao sp. nov.holotype (IEBR-Myr 854H)Right telopod, anterior view (A), posterior view (B). Abbreviations: pref = prefemur; fe = femur; ti = tibia; ta = tarsus; fet = femoral trichostele; pret = prefemoral trichostele; syh = syncoxite horn; syl = syncoxial lobe; dfp = distal femoral process; tp = tibial process.  DNA barcode.COI barcode data (partial) for the paratypeshas been uploaded to GenBank under the accession numbers MT749392and MT749411. The new species shares 89.25% and 83.2% identity with  Glomeridella minimaand  Trachysphaerasp., respectively. 3043320302 Vietnam 3 260 Pia Oac - Pia 2 259 1 1 Cao Bang holotype 3043320301 [199,963,222,249] Vietnam Pia Oac - Pia 3 260 3 3 Cao Bang paratype 3043320303 2020-06-08 Anh D. Nguyen. Vietnam 850 22.554 Pia Oac - Pia 7 105.8622 3 260 1 1 Cao Bang paratype