Telephanus cruciger Waterhouse, 1876: 125
Psammoecus upsilon Blackburn, 1903: 155
Psammoecus cephalotes Grouvelle, 1919: 20
Psammoecus cruciger
Grouvelle 1908: 476
Arrow 1927: 44
Hetschko 1930: 82
Psammoecus cephalotes
Arrow 1927: 44
Hetschko 1930: 82
Pal 1985: 41
Psammoecus upsilon
Arrow 1927: 44
Psammoecus ypsilon
Hetschko 1930: 82
Pal 1985: 41
Psammoecus trimaculatus
Grouvelle 1908: 476
Pal 1985: 41
Taxonomic Studies on Australian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae, Brontinae)
Karner, Michael
European Journal of Taxonomy
2020
2020-11-12
723
135
158
(Waterhouse, 1876)
Waterhouse
1876
[542,1046,979,1006]
Insecta
Silvanidae
Psammoecus
Animalia
Coleoptera
2
137
Arthropoda
species
cruciger
Fig. 1
Telephanus cruciger Waterhouse, 1876: 125. Psammoecus upsilon Blackburn, 1903: 155. Psammoecus cephalotes Grouvelle, 1919: 20. Psammoecus cruciger– Grouvelle 1908: 476. — Arrow 1927: 44. — Hetschko 1930: 82. Psammoecus cephalotes– Arrow 1927: 44. — Hetschko 1930: 82. — Pal 1985: 41. Psammoecus upsilon– Arrow 1927: 44. Psammoecus ypsilon– Hetschko 1930: 82. — Pal 1985: 41(misspellings). non Psammoecus trimaculatus– Grouvelle 1908: 476(misidentification). — Pal 1985: 41.
Diagnosis The following combination of character states distinguishes this species: body oval ( Fig. 1A) length 1.97– 2.73 mm; eyes ( Fig. 1B) large, evenly rounded; temples distinct, narrowed evenly immediately behind eyes; frontal grooves flat, slightly curved, short, reaching anterior fifth of eyes; antennae stout ( Fig. 1C), antennomere 6 sometimes slightly darkened, antennomeres 7–10 distinctly darkened, antennomere 11 whitish yellow; punctation on head and pronotal disc dense, microsculpture absent, punctures round, somewhat smaller than an eye facet diameter, pubescence on head and pronotum moderate; pronotum ( Fig. 1B) widest at anterior third, pronotal punctation moderate, punctures widened, about as wide as eye facet diameter, lateral pronotal margins with four, sometimes only three teeth of moderate size, anterior and posterior denticles present, small; elytra ( Fig. 1A) widest at middle, elytra with piceous maculae: wide band near middle, posterior half of suture and elytral apex darkened, humeral area often slightly to distinctly darkened; elytral pubescence short, longer setae along anterior half of interstice between 9 thand 11 thstria; male genitalia ( Fig. 1D–F) moderately sclerotised, with short, blunt median lobe that bears distinct, complex sclerotizations in apical part of internal sac, parameres short, bearing three distinct, long setae, parameres fused with tegmen, inner margins fused medially at flat angle, almost forming arc.
Material examined Types PAPUA NEW GUINEA• ♀, holotypeof Telephanus cruciger Waterhouse, 1876; Dory; “Type” [round label with red border]; “59 58. Dory. | New Guinea”; “ Telephanus| cruciger, | (Type) C.Waterh.”. [59– 58 refers to 703 Coleopteraspecimens collected by Alfred Russel Wallace in Dory, New Guinea, and puchased by NHMUKfrom Stevens’ Auction House in 1859 (M.V.L. Barclay pers. comm.)]; NHMUK. AUSTRALIA• ♀, holotypeof Psammoecus upsilon Blackburn, 1903(= P. ypsilonsensu Hetschko 1930); [Northern Queensland?]; “T. | 7223 | N. Qv [?]” [written on mounting label, last line in red ink]; “Type | H. T.” [round label with red border]; “ Psammoecus| upsilon, Blackb.”; “Australia. | Blackburn Coll. | B.M. 1910–236.”; NHMUK. AUSTRALIA• ♀, holotypeof Psammoecus cephalotes Grouvelle, 1919; Port Darwin; “ Type” [round label with red border]; “Port Darwin. | 92–2.”; “4716”; “ Psammoecus| cephalotes| G. Grouv” [Grouvelle’s hand]; NHMUK. Other material AUSTRALIA– Queensland– Cairns• 3 specs; Aug. 1947; ANIC• 4 specs; ANIC• 6 specs; Sep. 1949; ANIC• 1 spec.; 16°55′ S, 145°46′ E; 26 Jan. 1938; Brooksleg.; ANIC• 1 spec.; same locality; 18 Apr.–14 May 1965; Brooksleg.; at indoor light; ANIC• 1 spec.; 25 Mar. 1965; Baloghleg.; HNHM• 1 spec.; Little Mulgrave National Park; 16 Dec. 1967; Brooksleg.; ANIC• 1 spec.; Russell RiverXing; 17°26′ S, 145°54′ E; 11 Jun. 1992; Reidleg.; weedy rainforest, beating Hibiscus; ANIC• 10 specs; Edge Hill; 16°55′ S, 145°46′ E; 9 Aug. 1968; Baloghand Loksaleg.; HNHM. – Cassowary Coast Region• 1 spec.; Cardstone; 1 Jan. 1966; Hydeleg.; ANIC• 1 spec.; same locality; 2 Feb. 1966; Brooksleg.; ANIC• 6 specs; same locality; 10–13 Mar. 1966; Hydeleg.; ANIC• 1 spec.; same locality; 14 Nov. 1966; Brooksleg.; ANIC• 4 specs; same locality; 15 Nov. 1966; Brooksleg.; ANIC• 1 spec.; same locality; 16 Nov. 1966; Brooksleg.; ANIC• 2 specs; same data as for preceding; MKF• 1 spec.; same locality; 19 Nov. 1966; Brooksleg.; ANIC• 1 spec.; same locality; 28 Nov. 1966; Brooksleg.; ANIC• 1 spec.; same locality; 1–2 Dec. 1966; Brooksleg.; ANIC• 1 spec.; same locality; 5–6 Dec. 1966; Brooksleg.; ANIC• 1 spec.; same locality; 20 Jan. 1967; Hydeleg.; ANIC• 4 specs; Hinchinbrook Island, Gayundah Creek; 8–9 Nov. 1984; Marksleg.; light trap; ANIC• 1 spec.; same locality; 15–17 Nov. 1984; Marksleg.; light trap; ANIC• 1 spec.; Innisfail, Seymour Range; 6 Nov. 1966; Brittonleg.; rainforest at light; ANIC. – Mackay Region• 4 specs; Finch Hatton, Cattle Ck Xing; 9 Jun. 1992; Reidleg.; beaten from flowering Eucalyptus; ANIC• 1 spec.; Bucasia; 3 Jan. 2007; Sanderyleg.; ANIC. – Shire of Cook• 1 spec.; Iron Range National Park, Mount Tozer; 12°43′ S, 143°17′ E; 5–10 Jul. 1986; Weirand Calderleg.; at light; ANIC. – Shire of Douglas• 1 spec.; Daintree; 29 Oct. 1966; Brittonleg.; dead leaves edge of rainforest; ANIC• 1 spec.; same data as for preceding; MKF. – Shire of Mareeba• 1 spec.; Kuranda; 16°49′ S, 145°38′ E; 24 Nov. 1964; Brooksleg.; at light; ANIC. MALAYSIA• 2 specs; Sarawak, W Kuching, Mt Matang; Dec. 1913; Bryantleg.; NHMUK• 1 spec.; same data as for preceding; MKF. PAPUA NEW GUINEA• 1 spec.; NE Madang, Gogol River; 17 Sep. 1969; Baloghleg.; HNHM• 1 spec.; Western Province, SE Kiunga; 23 Jul.–2 Aug. 1969; Baloghleg.; HNHM.
Distribution Psammoecus crucigerhas been found in Australia( Queensland), Malaysiaand Papua New Guinea.
Remarks Grouvelle (1908)erroneously synonymised P. crucigerwith P. trimaculatusMotschulsky, 1858. In his revision of Indian Psammoecus, Pal (1985)agreed with this, treating P. upsilon(“ P. ypsilon”) and P. cephalotesas “probable synonyms” of P. trimaculatus. Arrow (1927)did not adopt Grouvelle’s synonymization of P. crucigerwith P. trimaculatus. Instead, he regarded P. upsilonand P. cephalotesas junior synonyms of P. cruciger. Examination of typematerial confirmed the synonymy according to Arrow. There are few similarities to P. trimaculatus; the structure of the male genitalia indicates a very close relationship to P. simonisGrouvelle, 1882. Both P. trimaculatusand P. simoniswere redescribed by Yoshida & Hirowatari (2014).
NHMUK
G. Grouv
Australia
Port Darwin
3
138
1
1
holotype
[189,1005,852,879]
1947-08
ANIC
Australia
Cairns
Cairns
3
138
3
Queensland
[1035,1211,853,879]
ANIC
3
138
4
1949-09
ANIC
Australia
Cairns
3
138
6
Queensland
[362,1107,885,914]
1938-01-26
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Cairns
-16.916666
1280
145.76666
3
138
1
Queensland
1965-04-18
1965-05-14
1965-04-18
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Cairns
-16.916666
1280
145.76666
3
138
1
Queensland
[879,1382,922,949]
1965-03-25
HNHM
Balogh
Australia
Cairns
3
138
1
Queensland
[188,1045,956,983]
1967-12-16
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Cairns
Little Mulgrave National Park
3
138
1
Queensland
1992-06-11
ANIC
Reid
Australia
Cairns
-17.433332
Russell River
1279
145.9
3
138
1
Queensland
1968-08-09
HNHM
Balogh & Loksa
Australia
Cairns
-16.916666
Edge Hill
1280
145.76666
3
138
10
Queensland
1966-01-01
ANIC
Hyde
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
1
Queensland
1966-02-02
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
1
Queensland
[291,999,1095,1122]
1966-03-10
1966-03-13
1966-03-10
ANIC
Hyde
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
6
Queensland
1966-11-14
1966-03-13
1966-03-10
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
1
Queensland
[522,1210,1130,1157]
1966-11-15
1966-03-13
1966-03-10
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
4
Queensland
1966-11-16
1966-03-13
1966-03-10
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
1
Queensland
[719,1217,1164,1191]
1966-11-16
1966-03-13
1966-03-10
MKF
Brooks
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
2
Queensland
1966-11-19
1966-03-13
1966-03-10
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
1
Queensland
[724,1399,1199,1226]
1966-11-28
1966-03-13
1966-03-10
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
1
Queensland
[210,908,1234,1260]
1966-12-01
1966-12-02
1966-12-01
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
1
Queensland
1966-12-05
1966-12-06
1966-12-05
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
1
Queensland
[447,1102,1268,1295]
1967-01-20
1966-12-06
1966-12-05
ANIC
Hyde
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Cardstone
3
138
1
Queensland
1984-11-08
1984-11-09
1984-11-08
light trap
ANIC
Marks
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Gayundah Creek
Hinchinbrook Island
3
138
4
Queensland
1984-11-15
1984-11-17
1984-11-15
light trap
ANIC
Marks
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Gayundah Creek
Hinchinbrook Island
3
138
1
Queensland
rainforest at light
1966-11-06
ANIC
Britton
Australia
Cassowary Coast Region
Seymour Range
Innisfail
3
138
1
Queensland
beaten from flowering Eucalyptus
1992-06-09
ANIC
Reid
Australia
Mackay Region
Cattle Ck Xing
Finch Hatton
3
138
4
Queensland
[768,1372,1407,1434]
2007-01-03
ANIC
Sandery
Australia
Mackay Region
Bucasia
3
138
1
Queensland
1986-07-05
1986-07-10
1986-07-05
ANIC
Weir & Calder
Australia
Shire of Cook
-12.716666
Mount Tozer
1292
143.28334
Iron Range National Park
3
138
1
Queensland
dead leaves edge of rainforest
1966-10-29
ANIC
Britton
Australia
Shire of Douglas
Daintree
3
138
1
Queensland
[646,1133,1511,1538]
dead leaves edge of rainforest
1966-10-29
MKF
Britton
Australia
Shire of Douglas
Daintree
3
138
1
Queensland
1964-11-24
ANIC
Brooks
Australia
Shire of Mareeba
-16.816668
Kuranda
1280
145.63333
3
138
1
Queensland
[189,1281,1611,1637]
1913-12
NHMUK
W Kuching & Bryant
Malaysia
Mt Matang
3
138
2
Sarawak
1913-12
MKF
W Kuching & Bryant
Malaysia
Mt Matang
3
138
1
Sarawak
[189,1378,1710,1737]
1969-09-17
HNHM
Balogh
Papua New Guinea
Gogol River
3
138
1
Madang
[189,1147,1745,1771]
1969-07-23
1969-08-02
1969-07-23
HNHM
Balogh
Papua New Guinea
Western Province
3
138
1