Taxonomic Studies on Australian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae, Brontinae) Karner, Michael European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-11-12 723 135 158 Karner, 2020 Karner 2020 [610,879,1095,1122] Insecta Silvanidae Psammoecus Animalia Coleoptera 14 149 Arthropoda species australis sp. nov.   urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B8F383AA-30E8-4CE3-B033-600DEFFEF03E  Fig. 6    Diagnosis The following combination of character states distinguishes this species: body length 1.96–2.45 mm; eyes very large, evenly rounded; temples extremely short, strongly narrowed immediately behind eyes; frontal grooves diverging posteriorly, reaching middle of eyes; punctation on vertex very sparse; pronotal punctation sparse; pronotal teeth long; lateral pronotal margin simple; lateral elytral interstices with very long setae; median lobe wide, apex blunt, rounded; parameres short, roundish.    Etymology The specific epithet is derived from the continent name Australia.    Material examined   Holotype   AUSTRALIA• ♂; Queensland, Cook Shire,  30 kmS of Cooktown, Mt Finnigan Sl.;  400 ma.s.l.;  3 Jul. 1982; S. and J. Peckleg.; rainforest, moist litter; ANIC.   Paratypes   AUSTRALIA–  Queensland– Cairns Region• 1 spec.; Bellenden, Ker Range, Cable Tower3;  1054 ma.s.l.; 17°16′12.04″ S, 145°53′59.76″ E;  25–31 Oct. 1981; rainforest, stick brushings; ANIC•  1 spec.; same locality;  17 Oct.–9 Nov. 1981; pyrethrum knockdown; ANIC•  1 spec.; Bellenden, Ker Range, Cableway Base Station; 100 a.s.l.; 17°16′ S, 145°54′ E;  25–31 Oct. 1981; rainforest, sieved litter; ANIC•  10 specs; same locality;  17–24 Oct. 1981; rainforest, sieved litter; ANIC•  3 specs; same data as for preceding; MKF•  2 specs; Bellenden, Ker Range, Cableway Base Station;  100 ma.s.l.; 17°16′12.04″ S, 145°53′59.76″ E;  25–31 Oct. 1981; rainforest, sieved litter; ANIC•  2 specs; Mulgrave River Road,  7 kmSW of Bellenden, Ker;  60 ma.s.l.; 17°16′ S, 145°47′ E;  2 Apr. 1984; Calderand Weirleg.; rainforest; ANIC. –   Cassowary Coast Region• 1 spec.; Mission Beach;  10 ma.s.l.; 17°50′ S, 146°06′ E;  29 Jan.–4 Mar. 1996; Cermakleg.; Malaise trap; ANIC•  2 specs; Mission Beach;  40 ma.s.l.; 17°52′ S, 146°04′ E;  29 Jan.–4 Mar. 1996; Cermakleg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC•  1 spec.; same locality;  4 Mar.–1 Apr. 1996; Cermakleg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC.   Shire of Douglas• 2 specs;  2 kmSSW of Cape Tribulation;  10 ma.s.l.; 16°05′ S, 145°28′ E;  28 Feb.–27 Mar. 1996; Zborowskileg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC•  1 spec.;  1 kmWNW of Cape Tribulation;  10 ma.s.l.; 16°04′ S, 145°28′ E;  5 Dec. 1995–  4 Jan. 1996; Umbackleg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC•  1 spec.;  2 kmWSW of Cape Tribulation;  30 ma.s.l.; 16°05′ S, 145°27′ E;  4 Jan.–1 Feb. 1996; Umbackleg.; pitfall trap; ANIC•  1 spec.; same locality;  1–28 Feb. 1996; Umbackleg.; pitfall trap; ANIC•  1 spec.; same locality;  28 Feb.–27 Mar. 1996; Zborowskileg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC•  4 specs; Cape Tribulation Area; 16°03′ S, 145°28′ E;  1–11 May 1992; Lawrenceleg.; leaf and log litter; ANIC•  2 specs;  45 kmN of Port Douglas, Cape Tribulation; 16°03′ S, 145°28′ E;  21–28 Mar. 1984; Calderand Weirleg.; lowland rainforest; ANIC•  2 specs;  40 kmN of Daintree, Cape Tribulation;  10 ma.s.l.;  12 Jul. 1982; S. and J. Peckleg.; rainforest, leaf and log litter; ANIC•  1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF•  1 spec.; Shire of Cook, Moses Creek  4 kmNE of Mount Finnigan; 15°47′ S, 145°17′ E;  14–16 Oct. 1980; Weirleg.; rainforest litter; ANIC•  1 spec.; Shire of Cook,  30 kmS of Cooktown, Mt Finnigan;  400 ma.s.l.;  1 Jul. 1982; S. and J. Peckleg.; rainforest, litter and fungi; ANIC•  1 spec.; Kuranda, Black Mountain Road;  390 ma.s.l.; 17°26′ S, 145°35′ E;  22 Jun. 1971; Feehanleg.; rainforest; ANIC•  1 spec.; Kuranda, Black Mountain Road;  350 ma.s.l.;  27 Jun. 1971; Feehanleg.; ANIC•  1 spec.; Shire of Cook,  3 kmNE of Mount Webb; 15°03′ S, 145°09′ E;  1–3 Oct. 1980; Weirleg.; rainforest litter; ANIC•  3 specs; Shire of Cook, Cape York Peninsula, Mount Webb National Park; 15°04′ S, 145°07′ E;  28–30 Sep. 1980; Weirleg.; rainforest litter; ANIC•  1 spec.; Shire of Douglas, Mossman Gorge National Park,  6 kmSW of Mossman;  50 ma.s.l.;  11 Jul. 1982; S. and J. Peckleg.; rainforest leaf litter; ANIC•  3 specs; Shire of Douglas, Daintree, Pilgrims Sands;  10 ma.s.l.;  20–27 Jan. 1991; Hammondleg.; lowland tropical forest, flight interception trap; NHMUK•  1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF•  2 specs; Shire of Lockhart River,  9 kmENE of Mount Tozer; 12°43′ S, 143°17′ E;  5–10 Jul. 1986; Weirleg.; rainforest litter; ANIC.    Description of holotype Body oval, stout, 2.13 mmlong; testaceous ( Fig. 6A); elytra with dark maculae near middle and near apex; antennomeres 8–9 slightly and 7 very slightly darkened, antennomeres 10–11 whitish ( Fig. 6D). Head ( Fig. 6B) 0.36 mmlong, 0.55 mmwide; frontal grooves distinct, deep, curved outwards toward posterior end, reaching middle of eyes; vertex with sparse punctation, punctures small; setae of very uneven lengths, directed straight forward, seta near end of each frontal groove almost as long as eyes, shortest setae only as long as two eye facet diameters; microsculpture absent; eyes large, strongly protruding, unevenly rounded, 0.16 mmlong, eye distance 0.32 mm; temples absent, head narrowed immediately behind eyes, temple angle 83°; antennae ( Fig. 6D) long, slender, length 1.29 mm, antennomere proportions 3.0: 1.1: 1.3: 1.4: 1.5: 1.4: 1.4:1.2: 1.1: 1.0: 2.7. Pronotum ( Fig. 6C) 0.63 mmwide, 0.43 mmlong, widest at anterior third; at anterior denticles 1.32 × as wide as at posterior denticles; very shallowly impressed near posterior margin; lateral margin slightly ridged between lateral teeth III and V, with distinct group of three anterior denticles and additional small denticles along anterior pronotal margin, lateral margin with distinct teeth; I small, only slightly larger than anterior denticles, II to IV of increasing length, V as large as III; posterior denticle distinct, slightly smaller than anterior denticles; punctation on pronotal disc slightly denser than on vertex, punctures somewhat smaller than eye facet diameter; setae on pronotal disc of very uneven lengths, directed anteromedially, longest setae about ³⁄5as long as eyes, shortest 1.5 × as long as eye facet diameter. Elytra ( Fig. 6A) oval, 1.29 mmlong, 0.94 mmwide, striae twice as wide as interstices, pubescence semierect, interstrial setae about twice as long as strial setae, even longer near elytral margins; interstice between 9 thand 11 thstria with distinct denticles near humerus; microsculpture absent. Male genitalia ( Fig. 6E–G) with wide median lobe, apex evenly rounded, in the shape of a half-circle, parameres short, stout, almost circular in ventral view, each with one very long and several shorter setae.    Distribution  Australia( Queensland).    Biology The species was found in flight intercept traps, in berlese funnels and in plant detritus.    Variation  Paratypesrange in length: 1.96–2.45 mm. The elytral maculae differ considerably in size. In some specimens, only the 11 thantennomere is whitish.    Remarks   Psammoecus australis sp. nov.is closely related to  Psammoecus delicatus Grouvelle, 1908and  Psammoecus complexus Pal, 1985. It can be distinguished from  P. complexusby the distinctly different colouration, and from both species by the different shape of lateral pronotal teeth and male genitalia. 4988673388 rainforest 1982-07-03 ANIC S. and J. Peck Australia 400 Mt Finnigan Sl. Cook Shire 14 149 1 Queensland holotype 4988673486 rainforest 1981-10-25 1981-10-31 1981-10-25 stick brushings ANIC Australia Cairns Region 1054 -17.27001 Cable Tower 1 145.89993 Ker Range 14 149 1 Queensland paratype 4988673356 rainforest 1981-10-17 1981-11-09 1981-10-17 stick brushings ANIC Australia Cairns Region 1054 -17.27001 Cable Tower 1 145.89993 Ker Range 14 149 1 Queensland paratype 4988673487 rainforest 1981-10-25 1981-10-31 1981-10-25 sieved litter ANIC Australia Bellenden -17.266666 Cableway Base Station 1279 145.9 Ker Range 14 149 1 Queensland paratype 4988673462 [208,1072,1954,1981] rainforest 1981-10-17 1981-10-24 1981-10-17 sieved litter ANIC Australia Cairns Region -17.266666 Cableway Base Station 1279 145.9 Ker Range 14 149 10 Queensland paratype 4988673432 rainforest 1981-10-17 1981-10-24 1981-10-17 sieved litter MKF Australia Cairns Region -17.266666 Cableway Base Station 1279 145.9 Ker Range 14 149 3 Queensland paratype 4988673370 rainforest 1981-10-25 1981-10-31 1981-10-25 sieved litter ANIC Australia Bellenden 100 15 150 -17.27001 Cableway Base Station 1 145.89993 Ker Range 14 149 2 Queensland paratype 4988673314 rainforest 1984-04-02 ANIC Calder & Weir Australia Cairns Region 60 -17.266666 Mulgrave River Road 1279 145.78334 Mulgrave River 15 150 2 Queensland paratype 4988673472 1996-01-29 1996-03-04 1996-01-29 Malaise trap ANIC Cermak Australia Cassowary Coast Region 10 -17.833334 Mission Beach 1277 146.1 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673502 1996-01-29 1996-03-04 1996-01-29 flight intercept trap ANIC Cermak Australia Cassowary Coast Region 40 -17.866667 Mission Beach 1277 146.06667 15 150 2 Queensland paratype 4988673427 1996-03-04 1996-04-01 1996-03-04 flight intercept trap ANIC Cermak Australia Cassowary Coast Region 40 -17.866667 Mission Beach 1277 146.06667 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673353 1996-02-28 1996-03-27 1996-02-28 flight intercept trap ANIC Zborowski Australia Shire of Douglas 10 -16.083334 2 km SSW of Cape Tribulation 1283 145.46666 15 150 2 Queensland paratype 4988673333 1995-12-05 1996-01-04 1995-12-05 flight intercept trap ANIC Umback Australia Shire of Douglas 10 -16.066668 Cape Tribulation 1283 145.46666 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673517 1996-01-04 1996-02-01 1996-01-04 pitfall trap ANIC Umback Australia Shire of Douglas 30 -16.083334 Cape Tribulation 1283 145.45 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673363 1996-02-01 1996-02-28 1996-02-01 pitfall trap ANIC Umback Australia Shire of Douglas 30 -16.083334 Cape Tribulation 1283 145.45 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673405 1996-02-28 1996-03-27 1996-02-28 flight intercept trap ANIC Zborowski Australia Shire of Douglas 30 -16.083334 Cape Tribulation 1283 145.45 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673361 leaf and log litter 1992-05-01 1992-05-11 1992-05-01 ANIC Lawrence Australia Shire of Douglas -16.05 Cape Tribulation Area 1283 145.46666 15 150 4 Queensland paratype 4988673471 lowland rainforest 1984-03-21 1984-03-28 1984-03-21 ANIC Calder & Weir Australia Shire of Douglas -16.05 Cape Tribulation 1283 145.46666 15 150 2 Queensland paratype 4988673492 rainforest, leaf and log litter 1982-07-12 ANIC S. and J. Peck Australia Shire of Douglas 10 Cape Tribulation 15 150 2 Queensland paratype 4988673490 [513,1006,793,819] rainforest, leaf and log litter 1982-07-12 MKF S. and J. Peck Australia Shire of Douglas 10 Cape Tribulation 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673390 rainforest litter 1980-10-14 1980-10-16 1980-10-14 ANIC Weir Australia Shire of Douglas -15.783334 Moses Creek 1284 145.28334 Shire of Cook 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673313 rainforest, litter and fungi 1982-07-01 ANIC S. and J. Peck Australia Shire of Douglas 400 Mt Finnigan Shire of Cook 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673514 rainforest 1971-06-22 ANIC Feehan Australia Shire of Douglas 390 -17.433332 Black Mountain Road 1279 145.58333 Kuranda 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673379 1971-06-27 ANIC Feehan Australia Shire of Douglas 350 Black Mountain Road Kuranda 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673459 rainforest litter 1980-10-01 1980-10-03 1980-10-01 ANIC Weir Australia Shire of Douglas -15.05 Shire of Cook 1286 145.15 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673318 rainforest litter 1980-09-28 1980-09-30 1980-09-28 ANIC Weir Australia Shire of Douglas -15.066667 Cape York Peninsula 1286 145.11667 Shire of Cook 15 150 3 Queensland paratype 4988673348 rainforest leaf litter 1982-07-11 ANIC S. and J. Peck Australia Shire of Douglas 50 Mossman Gorge National Park Shire of Douglas 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673378 lowland tropical forest 1991-01-20 1991-01-27 1991-01-20 flight interception trap NHMUK Hammond Australia Shire of Douglas 10 Pilgrims Sands Daintree 15 150 3 Queensland paratype 4988673500 [385,860,1180,1207] lowland tropical forest 1991-01-20 1991-01-27 1991-01-20 flight interception trap MKF Hammond Australia Shire of Douglas 10 Pilgrims Sands Daintree 15 150 1 Queensland paratype 4988673466 rainforest litter 1986-07-05 1986-07-10 1986-07-05 ANIC Weir Australia Shire of Douglas -12.716666 Shire of Lockhart River 1292 143.28334 15 150 2 Queensland paratype