Aname pallida L. Koch, 1873: 465 Aname pallida Aname Aname pallida A. ferruginea A. giraulti ( Rainbow, 1914 )) An integrative systematic revision of the wishbone spiders (Araneae: Anamidae: Aname L. Koch, 1873) of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, with the description of 55 new species Wilson, Jeremy D. Harvey, Mark S. Simmons, Leigh W. Rix, Michael G. European Journal of Taxonomy 2025 2025-04-02 985 1 298 66K9C L. Koch, 1873 L. Koch 1873 [617,971,264,292] Arachnida Anamidae Aname Animalia Araneae 20 21 Arthropoda species pallida   Figs 1, 6, 15–17      Aname pallidaL. Koch, 1873: 465, pl. 35 fig. 8.   Aname pallida– Raven 1981: 329, figs 1–3, 13, 48; 1985: 403, fig. 2. — Harvey et al.2018: 444, figs 3–4, 16a–f. — Rix et al.2021: figs 3, 5, 7–8.   Aname“MYG689” – Rix et al.2021: figs 3, 5, 7. non  Aname pallida– Raven 1981: figs 8–10, 14, 44–47, 49 (illustrated male QMB S696 [Rockhampton], females QMB S697 [Biloela], QMB S703 [Monto], and females in fig. 46 [Gin Gin], fig. 47 [Banana], fig. 49 [Gladstone], all here identified as  A. ferruginea sp. nov.). — Harvey et al.2018: fig. 16g(imaged female QMB S9413 from Mount Elliot, here identified as  A. giraulti( Rainbow, 1914)).    Diagnosis Males of  A. pallidacan be distinguished from all species for which males are known except  A. attenuata,  A. blackdownensis,  A. convoluta sp. nov.,  A. ferruginea sp. nov.,  A. giraulti,  A. intermedia sp. nov., and  A. vigilata sp. nov.by a moderate to large body size (carapace length>4.0 mm), and the presence of a long embolus (embolus length/ bulb length>1.5), a proximal excavation less than or equal to half the length of metatarsus I, and a prominent and sharp heel on metatarsus I ( Fig. 15Q). Males of  A. pallidacan be distinguished from those of  A. attenuata,  A. blackdownensis,  A. convoluta,  A. intermedia, and  A. vigilataby the presence of a reflexed embolus with a small hook at the tip, and the absence of short, thorn-like setae along the retrolateral edge of the asetose depression on the palp tibia ( Fig. 15K–M; cf. Figs 18, 21, 23, 29, 33). Males of  A. pallidacan be distinguished from those of  A. ferruginea sp. nov.by the presence of a longer and more reflexed embolus (embolus length / bulb length>2.2), and a shorter, more triangular tibial spur ( Fig. 15J–Q; cf. Fig. 25). Males of  A. pallidacan be distinguished from those of  A. giraultiby the presence of a longer embolus (embolus length / bulb length ~ 2.5; cf. ~ 2.3 in  A. giraulti) ( Fig. 15L; cf. Fig. 27). Females of  A. pallidacan be distinguished from all species for which females are known except  A. ferruginea sp. nov.and  A. giraultiby the presence of spermathecae with two vesicles, with relatively long and straight lateral vesicles (lateral vesicle length /genitalia width>0.25) that curve medially at their ends, and very short, straight medial vesicles (medial vesicle length/ lateral vesicle length <0.5) ( Fig. 16D, L). Females of  A. pallidacan be distinguished from those of  A. ferrugineaby the presence of spermathecae with more elongate lateral vesicles (lateral vesicle length/ width>2.0) ( Fig. 16L; cf. Fig. 26). Females of  A. pallidacan be distinguished from those of  A. giraultiby their distribution ( Fig. 6), occurring in central Queensland, in or near the Central Mackay Coast Bioregion (based on current data females of  A. pallidaand  A. giraulticannot be confidently distinguished morphologically) ( Fig. 16; cf. Fig. 28).    Type material    Holotype  AUSTRALIA–  Queensland• subadult ♂; Bowen; 20°01′ S, 148°15′ E; ZMH MGH 8104.   Other material examined   AUSTRALIA–  Queensland• 1 juv.; Mount Bramston, off Links Road, Whitsunday ShoresEstate; 20°04′ S, 148°15′ E;  40 ma.s.l.;  18 Aug. 2023; M.G. Rix, J.D. Wilsonand T.L. Millerleg.; excavated, open burrow on firebreak trail, dry vine scrub; QMB S118199•  1 juv.; Mount Bramston, off Links Road, Whitsunday Shores Estate; 20°04′ S, 148°15′ E;  40 ma.s.l.;  18 Aug. 2023; M.G. Rix, J.D. Wilsonand T.L. Millerleg.; excavated, open burrow on firebreak trail, dry vine scrub; QMB S118200•  1 ♀; SW of Bowen, off Mount Dangar Road, near corner of Peter Delemothe Road; 20°07′ S, 148°08′ E;  42 ma.s.l.;  18 Aug. 2023; M.G. Rix, J.D. Wilsonand T.L. Millerleg.; excavated, open burrow on ground, sclerophyll forest; QMB S118198•  1 ♀; Conway National Park, Swamp Bay Trail, off Shute Harbour Road, Shute Bay; 20°17′ S, 148°46′ E;  12 ma.s.l.;  19 Aug. 2023; M.G. Rix, J.D. Wilsonand T.L. Millerleg.; excavated, open burrow on bank, sclerophyll forest; QMB S118201•  1 ♂; Cannonvale; 20°17′ S, 148°40′ E;  31 Oct. 2003; J. Wyethleg.; QMB S61051•  1 ♂; Dent Island, via Mackay; 20°21′ S, 148°56′ E;  Oct. 1954; J.S. Hayesleg.; WAM T151830•  1 ♂; Proserpine, Airport Drive, Site XY12; 20°29′ S, 148°34′ E;  36 ma.s.l.;  5 Nov. 2007–  13 Feb. 2008; R.J. Ravenleg.; pitfall trap, closed woodland; QMB S85631•  1 ♂; Proserpine, near Airport, Whitsunday Sporting Car Clubtrack, Site XY13; 20°29′ S, 148°34′ E;  5 Nov. 2007–  13 Feb. 2008; R.J. Ravenleg.; QMB S85423•  1 juv.; Proserpine, Deadmans Creek; 20°30′ S, 148°33′ E;  21 ma.s.l.;  10 Nov. 2007; R.J. Ravenleg.; pitfall trap, open forest; QMB S86836•  1 ♂; Proserpine, Thompson Creek, site XY15; 20°31′ S, 148°33′ E;  30 ma.s.l.;  6 Nov. 2007–  13 Feb. 2008; R.J. Ravenleg.; pitfall trap, closed forest; QMB S85374•  1 ♂; Proserpine, Thompson Creek, site XY14; 20°31′ S, 148°34′ E;  44 ma.s.l.;  12 Nov. 2007; R.J. Ravenleg.; closed forest; QMB S86817•  1 juv.; Proserpine, Thompson Creek; 20°32′ S, 148°33′ E;  30 ma.s.l.;  19 Aug. 2023; M.G. Rix, J.D. Wilsonand T.L. Millerleg.; excavated, open burrow on ground, sclerophyll forest; QMB S118202•  1 ♀; Proserpine, Thompson Creek, site XY16; 20°33′ S, 148°30′ E;  9 Nov. 2007; R.J. Ravenleg.; rainforest; QMB S86854•  1 ♀; Finlaysons Point,  2 kmNWof Seaforth; 20°53′ S, 148°57′ E;  11 ma.s.l.;  20 Aug. 2023; M.G. Rix, J.D. Wilsonand T.L. Millerleg.; excavated, open burrow on ground, littoral rainforest; QMB S118205•  1 ♀; Finlaysons Point,  2 kmNWof Seaforth; 20°53′ S, 148°57′ E;  13 ma.s.l.;  20 Aug. 2023; M.G. Rix, J.D. Wilsonand T.L. Millerleg.; excavated, open burrow on ground, littoral rainforest; QMB S118203•  1 ♀; Finlaysons Point,  2 kmNWof Seaforth; 20°53′ S, 148°57′ E;  13 ma.s.l.;  20 Aug. 2023; M.G. Rix, J.D. Wilsonand T.L. Millerleg.; excavated, open burrow on ground, littoral rainforest; QMB S118204•  1 ♀; WSWof Seaforth, Mount Ossa-Seaforth Road; 20°55′ S, 148°55′ E;  16 ma.s.l.;  16 Feb. 2023; M.G. Rix, M.S. Harveyand T.L. Millerleg.; excavated, open burrow on bank next to road; QMB S118231•  1 ♂;  5 kmSof Moranbah; 22°02′ S, 148°03′ E;  25 Jun.–20 Dec. 1997; G.B. Monteithand E. Kruckleg.; intercept trap, gravel ridge; QMB S32446•  1 ♂;  5 kmSof Moranbah; 22°02′ S, 148°03′ E;  25 Jun.–20 Dec. 1997; G.B. Monteithand E. Kruckleg.; pitfall trap, bendee scrub; QMB S44334.    Description  Male(QMB S86817)  GENERAL( Fig. 15A–Q). Body length 18.57, in good condition, colour presumably faded due to preservation.  DORSAL PROSOMA( Fig. 15A, E–F). Carapace length 7.46, width 6.43, length/width 1.16, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.70, caput width/carapace width 0.68, carapace red-brown, caput slightly darker than thorax, reflective setae present, heavy on caput, moderate on thorax, fovea procurved, fovea width/carapace length 0.12 ( Fig. 15A, F); chelicerae dark red-brown, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.61 ( Fig. 15A); eye group rectangular, width/length 1.99, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 15E).  ABDOMEN( Fig. 15B, D). Abdomen length 6.87, grey, dorsal pattern absent, with full covering of reflective setae.  VENTRAL PROSOMA( Fig. 15C, G–I). Labium cuspules absent ( Fig. 15H); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count =about 90, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 25% of maxillae length ( Fig. 15C, I); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 15C, I); sternum length/width 1.19, central sternum with consistent covering of short setae, row of longer setae around posterior edges ( Fig. 15G–H); posterior sigilla ovoid, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/ sternum length 0.21, posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.16 ( Fig. 15G–H); other sigilla small, round and lateral ( Fig. 15G–H).  LEGI ( Fig. 15N–Q). Leg I red-brown, lighter on distal metatarsus and tarsus, reflective setae on dorsal femur, femur length 6.14, patella length 4.12, tibia length 4.53, metatarsus length 4.23, tarsus length 2.78, total length 21.80, leg I length/carapace length 2.92 ( Fig. 15N–O); scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus ( Fig. 15N–O); spine count Fe D 1, Fe PL 1, Pa PL 2 (distal rubbed off), Ti PL 0, Ti RL 0, Me PL 0, Me RL 0, Ta 0 ( Fig. 15N–O); tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 3.24, even width along length, spur present, intermediate triangular/digitiform, knuckle absent, megaspine angled at 30 degrees, length to distal face of spur/tibia length [TIS/TIL] 0.50, spur height/tibia width [TISH/TID] 0.70, megaspine length/tibia length 0.26 ( Fig. 15N–P); metatarsus relatively straight, proximal excavation present, excavation concave with pronounced heel, heel sharp, excavation length/metatarsus length [MIPEL/ MIL] 0.47, metatarsus length/width [MIL/MID] 3.91 ( Fig. 15N–O, Q).  PEDIPALP( Fig. 15J–M). Tibia length 3.01, width 1.27, length/width [PTL/PTD] 2.38, asetose depression present, depression length/palp tibia length [PDL/PTL] 0.65, retrolateral face with consistent covering of light setae, ventral face with two elongate bristle-like setae below depression, prolateral face with two disto-ventral spines, disto-medial spine absent ( Fig. 15J–K); patella prolateral face with 2 (both rubbed off) spines ( Fig. 15J–K); cymbium with scopulae present distally ( Fig. 15J–K); copulatory organ total length 2.12, length/palp tibia length 0.70 ( Fig. 15L–M); bulb length/width 1.06 ( Fig. 15L–M); embolus strongly reflexed, attenuate, tapering and curving relatively evenly to point, one slight bend, at about 0.1 of length, small hook on tip, width at base/bulb width 0.28, embolus length/bulb length 2.49 ( Fig. 15L–M).  Female(QMB S118205)  GENERAL( Fig. 16A–L). Body length 23.10, in good condition except slight damage to abdomen.  DORSAL PROSOMA( Fig. 16A, E–F). Carapace length 8.52, width 6.68, length/width 1.28, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.68, caput width/carapace width 0.76, carapace red-brown, reflective setae present, moderate on caput, moderate on thorax, fovea procurved, fovea width/carapace length 0.14 ( Fig. 16A, F); chelicerae red-brown, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.50 ( Fig. 16A); eye group rectangular, width/length 2.05, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 16E).  ABDOMEN( Fig. 16B, D). Abdomen length 10.64, brown, dorsal pattern absent, with consistent cover of short setae.  VENTRAL PROSOMA( Fig. 16C, G–I). Labium cuspules absent ( Fig. 16H); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count =about 135, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 30% of maxillae length ( Fig. 16C, I); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 16C, I); sternum length/width 1.24, almost all setae rubbed off, row of longer setae around posterior edges ( Fig. 16G–H); posterior sigilla ovoid, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.20, posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.14 ( Fig. 16G–H); other sigilla small, round and lateral ( Fig. 16G–H).  LEGI ( Fig. 16J–K). Leg I red-brown, darker on patella and tibia, reflective setae on dorsal femur, femur length 5.84, patella length 4.16, tibia length 4.16, metatarsus length 3.75, tarsus length 2.41, total length 20.33, leg I length/carapace length 2.39; scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus; spine count Fe D 1, Fe PL 1, Pa PL 2, Ti PL 3, Ti RL 4, Me PL 2, Me RL 3, Ta 0; tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 2.94.  GENITALIA( Fig. 16D, L). Epigastric furrow extending slightly, posterior edge with rounded shape ( Fig. 16D); spermathecae with two vesicles each ( Fig. 16L); lateral vesicle relatively straight with ends curving medially, length 0.96, lateral vesicle length/genitalia width 0.47, length/width at base 2.23, crown un-demarcated ( Fig. 16L); medial vesicle short, relatively straight and projecting ventrally, medial vesicle length/genitalia width 0.13, length/width 1.93, medial vesicle length/lateral vesicle length 0.29 ( Fig. 16L).  Subadult male( holotype, ZMH MGH 8104)  GENERAL( Fig. 17A–K). Body length 18.51, in very poor condition, cuticle very faded and cuticle and tissue hardened and fragmented.  DORSAL PROSOMA( Fig. 17A, E). Carapace length 6.64, width 5.26, length/width 1.26, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.70, caput width/carapace width 0.62, carapace pallid, reflective setae present, light on caput, light on thorax, fovea procurved ( Fig. 17A); chelicerae yellow, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.53 ( Fig. 17A); eye group rectangular, width/length 1.88, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 17E).  ABDOMEN( Fig. 17B, D). Abdomen length 8.39, yellow-brown, dorsal pattern absent.  VENTRAL PROSOMA( Fig. 17C, I). Labium cuspules absent ( Fig. 17C); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count =about 80, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 30% of maxillae length ( Fig. 17C, I); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 17C, I); sternum length/width 1.04, some posterior setae rubbed off, central sternum with consistent covering of moderate setae, row of longer setae around posterior edges ( Fig. 17C); posterior sigilla ovoid, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.28, posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.17 ( Fig. 17C); other sigilla small, round and lateral ( Fig. 17C).  LEGI ( Fig. 17J–K). Leg I pallid yellow, femur length 4.56, patella length 2.89, tibia length 2.72, metatarsus length 2.48; scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus; spine count Fe D 1, Fe PL 1, Pa PL 2, Ti PL 3, Ti RL 4, Me PL 2, Ta 0; tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 2.75.    Distribution and natural history   Aname pallidaoccurs in central-eastern Queensland, in the Central Mackay Coast bioregion, extending from Moranbah in the south-west to Bowen in the north-east ( Fig. 6). It constructs an open, silk-lined burrow without silk outside of the entrance, often on an angle, and with a hidden secondary ‘wishbone’ entrance ( Fig. 6).    Remarks The subadult male holotypeof  A. pallidais in very poor condition and therefore lacks many of the most informative taxonomic characters. However, based on current data, only two species occur near the type locality of Bowen, and one is significantly larger than the other. Given that the subadult male holotypeof  A. pallidais quite large (i.e. carapace length 6.64), and based on somatic morphology, we have determined that the larger species matches  A. pallida, and the smaller species is here described as  A. litoralis sp. nov. 5106333536 ZMH Australia -20.016666 Bowen 1269 148.25 20 21 MGH 8104 1 1 Queensland holotype 5106333458 2023-08-18 QMB M. G. Rix & J. D. Wilson & T. L. Miller Australia Mount Bramston 40 -20.066668 Mount Bramston 1269 148.25 Whitsunday Shores 20 21 S118199 1 Queensland 5106333784 2023-08-18 QMB M. G. Rix & J. D. Wilson & T. L. Miller Australia Mount Bramston 40 -20.066668 Mount Bramston 1269 148.25 Whitsunday Shores Estate 20 21 S118200 1 Queensland 5106333469 2023-08-18 QMB M. G. Rix & J. D. Wilson & T. L. Miller Australia 42 21 22 -20.116667 Mount Dangar Road 1269 148.13333 Mount Dangar Road 20 21 S118198 1 1 Queensland 5106333817 2023-08-19 QMB M. G. Rix & J. D. Wilson & T. L. Miller Australia Conway National Park 12 -20.283333 Conway National Park 1268 148.76666 Shute Bay 21 22 S118201 1 1 Queensland 5106333640 S61051 2003-10-31 QMB J. Wyeth Australia -20.283333 Cannonvale 1268 148.66667 21 22 S61051 1 1 Queensland 5106333535 1954-10 WAM J. S. Hayes Australia -20.35 Mackay 1268 148.93333 Dent Island 21 22 T151830 1 1 Queensland 5106333446 S85631 2007-11-05 2008-02-13 2007-11-05 pitfall trap QMB R. J. Raven Australia Proserpine 36 -20.483334 Airport Drive 1268 148.56667 Airport Drive 21 22 S85631 1 1 Queensland 5106333320 S85423 2007-11-05 2008-02-13 2007-11-05 QMB R. J. Raven Australia Proserpine -20.483334 Whitsunday Sporting Car Club 1268 148.56667 Airport 21 22 S85423 1 1 Queensland 5106333482 S86836 2007-11-10 pitfall trap QMB R. J. Raven Australia 21 -20.5 Deadmans Creek 1267 148.55 Proserpine 21 22 S86836 1 Queensland 5106333615 S85374 2007-11-06 2008-02-13 2007-11-06 pitfall trap QMB R. J. Raven Australia 30 -20.516666 Thompson Creek 1267 148.55 Proserpine 21 22 S85374 1 1 Queensland 5106333637 S86817 2007-11-12 QMB R. J. Raven Australia 44 -20.516666 Thompson Creek 1267 148.56667 Proserpine 21 22 S86817 1 1 Queensland 5106333740 2023-08-19 QMB M. G. Rix & J. D. Wilson & T. L. Miller Australia 30 -20.533333 Thompson Creek 1267 148.55 Proserpine 21 22 S118202 1 Queensland 5106333329 S86854 2007-11-09 QMB R. J. Raven Australia -20.55 Thompson Creek 1267 148.5 Proserpine 21 22 S86854 1 1 Queensland 5106333593 2023-08-20 QMB M. G. Rix & J. D. Wilson & T. L. Miller Australia 11 -20.883333 Finlaysons Point 1266 148.95 Seaforth 21 22 S118205 1 1 Queensland 5106333549 2023-08-20 QMB M. G. Rix & J. D. Wilson & T. L. Miller Australia 13 -20.883333 Finlaysons Point 1266 148.95 Seaforth 21 22 S118203 1 1 Queensland 5106333692 2023-08-20 QMB M. G. Rix & J. D. Wilson & T. L. Miller Australia 13 -20.883333 Finlaysons Point 1266 148.95 Seaforth 21 22 S118204 1 1 Queensland 5106333598 2023-02-16 QMB M. G. Rix & M. S. Harvey & T. L. Miller Australia 16 -20.916666 Mount Ossa-Seaforth Road 1266 148.91667 Seaforth 21 22 S118231 1 1 Queensland 5106333624 S32446 1997-06-25 1997-12-20 1997-06-25 intercept trap QMB G. B. Monteith & E. Kruck Australia -22.033333 Moranbah 1261 148.05 Moranbah 21 22 S32446 1 1 Queensland 5106333646 S44334 1997-06-25 1997-12-20 1997-06-25 pitfall trap QMB G. B. Monteith & E. Kruck Australia -22.033333 Moranbah 1261 148.05 21 22 S44334 1 1 Queensland