Carcinoplax verdensis Rathbun, 1914: 143 Tesch 1918: 154 Estampador 1937: 533 Serène 1968: 90 Sakai 1969: 269 Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: 62 Serène & Vadon 1981: 119 Guinot 1989: 300 Ng et al. 2008: 80 Carcinoplax longipes Chen 1984: 189 Ikeda 1998: 15 C. longipes (Wood-Mason, 1891)) Carcinoplax aff. longipes Guinot 1989: 305 Carcinoplax specularis Castro 2007: 640 Carcinoplax verdensis Selvaraj & Kathirvel 1980: 159 C. indica Doflein, 1904 A revision of Carcinoplax abyssicola (Miers, 1885) and seven related species of Carcinoplax H. Milne Edwards, 1852, with the description of two new species and an updated key to the genus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Goneplacidae) Ng, Peter K. L. Castro, Peter Zoosystema 2020 2020-06-09 42 17 239 284  Castro 2007: 640  7TCVN Rathbun, 1914 Rathbun 1914 [929,1338,1428,1455] Malacostraca Goneplacidae Carcinoplax Animalia Decapoda 23 260 Arthropoda species verdensis  ( Figs 13A-J; 14A-H; 15A-G; 24A-H; 28A-F)      Carcinoplax verdensis Rathbun, 1914: 143[type locality: southern Luzon, Philippines]. —  Tesch 1918: 154[in list]. —  Estampador 1937: 533[in list]; 1959: 89 [in list] [ Philippines]. —  Serène 1968: 90[in list]. —  Sakai 1969: 269[in list], fig. 15d [ holotype]. —  Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: 62[in list], 65 [in key]. —  Serène & Vadon 1981: 119, 123, 126 [ Philippines]. —  Guinot 1989: 300, fig. 22; pl. 9, figs D-F [ holotype] [ Philippines]. —  Ng et al.2008: 80[in list].    Carcinoplax longipes–  Chen 1984: 189[in key], 195, 197, fig. 6 [East ChinaSea]. —  Ikeda 1998: 15, 42, 135, pl. 55 [ Japan] (not  C. longipes(Wood-Mason, 1891)).    Carcinoplaxaff. longipes –  Guinot 1989: 305, figs 27, 35, 36; pl. 10, figs D-G [ Philippines].    Carcinoplax specularis[part] –  Castro 2007: 640[ Philippines].  Not  Carcinoplax verdensis–  Selvaraj & Kathirvel 1980: 159, figs 1, 2 [ India] (  C. indica Doflein, 1904).   TYPE MATERIAL. —  Holotype.  Philippines• Ovigerous ♀, 10.5 × 13.0 mm;  Albatross; stn 5119; USNM 46167.   TYPELOCALITY. — Philippines, off Sombrero I., Verde I. Passage, 159-394 fathoms (= 291-721 m),  MATERIAL EXAMINED. —  Taiwan•  1♂(badly damaged); stn CP19, southwestern Taiwan; 22°24.2’N 120°10.2’E- 22°23.8’N 120°09’E;  467-634 mdepth; coll. T.-Y. Chan;  29.VII.2000; ZRC 2001.2216. Philippines.1 ovigerous ♀, holotype10.5 × 13.0 mm;  Albatross, stn 5119, off Sombrero I., VerdeI. Passage;  291-721 mdepth;  21.I.1908; USNM 46167•  1 ♀; MUSORSTOM 3, stn CP116; 12°32’N, 120°47’E;  804-812 mdepth;  3.VI.1985; MNHN-IU-2016-8001•  2 ♀, 9.2 × 12.1 mm, 12.0 × 16.7 mm, 8 ♂(2 with bopyrids); MUSORSTOM 3, Bohol, BalicasagI., off PanglaoI., tangle nets of local fishermen; 09°31’00.2”N, 123°40’50.5”E;  200-300 mdepth;  XII.2000; ZRC 2001.0395•  1 ♀; MUSORSTOM 3, tangle nets of local fishermen; 09°31’00.2”N, 123°40’50.5”E;  200- 300 mdepth;  XII.2000; ZRC 2019.0544•  1 ♂, 14.9 × 20.2 mm; PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2332, Maribohoc Bay; 09°38.8’N, 123°45.9’E;  396-418 mdepth;  22.V.2005, ZRC 2019.0547, ex ZRC 2006.0214(part)•  1 ♀, 5.8 × 8.1 mm; PANGLAO 2005, stn DW2338, off Balicasag Island; 09°30.7’N, 123°42.4 ‘E;  347-349 mdepth;  23.V.2005; ZRC 2019.0548•  1 ♂, 19.0 × 27.7 mm; PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2339, off Balicasag Island; 09°31.9’N, 123°43.7’E,  164-176 mdepth;  23.V.2005; ZRC 2019.0550•  1 ♀, 10.9 × 14.4 mm; same data as ZRC 2019.0550; ZRC 2019.0573•  1 ♂, 3.8 × 4.8 mm; PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2359, Bohol Sea; 08°49.9’N, 123°34.9’E;  437-476 mdepth;  26.V.2005, ZRC 2019.0553•  1 ♂, 15.7 × 21.4 mm, ZRC 2019.0549•  1 juvenile ♂; same data as ZRC 2019.0549; ZRC 2009.0990•  2 ♀, 12.4 × 17.1 mm, 13.0 × 18.3 mm; PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2361, Bohol Sea; 08°53.1’N, 123°33.5’E;  516-543 mdepth;  26.V.2005; ZRC 2019.0554•  11 ♀(1 with rhizocephalan), 4 ♂, 1 juvenile; PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2384, off Aligbay Island; 08°46.2’N, 123°16.1’E;  624-647 mdepth;  29.V.2005; ZRC 2019.0546•  1 ♂, 16.9 × 23.0 mm; PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2385; 08°51.0’N, 123°10.0’E,  982-989 mdepth;  29.V.2005; ZRC 2009.1003•  1 ♂, with sacculinid; PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2386; 08°49.3’N, 123°01.9’E,  2120-2149 mdepth(?);  29.V.2005; ZRC 2019.0556•  1 ♀, 10.9 × 14.6 mm; PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2388, Maribohoc Bay; 09°26.9’N, 123°34.5’E;  762-786 mdepth;  30.V.2005, ZRC 2019.0551•  2 ♂, 11.6 × 15.4 mm, 11.0 × 14.6 mm; same data as ZRC 2019.0551; ZRC 2019.0571•  2 ♂, larger one 19.2 × 27.7 mm, 2 ♀; PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2389, Bohol Sea; 09°27.9’N, 123°38.4’E;  784- 786 mdepth;  30.V.2005; ZRC 2019.0555•  2 ♂, 9.6 × 12.0, 12.8 × 17.1 mm; PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2394, off Balicasag Island; 09°28.6’N, 123°40.0’E;  470-566 mdepth;  30.V.2005: ZRC 2019.0557•  1 ♂, 10.0 × 13.4 mm; same data as ZRC 2019.0557; ZRC 2019.0574•  3 ♂, 8.7 × 10.1 mm, 9.8 × 11.8 mm, 17.6 × 13.7 mm; PANGLAO 2005. stn CP2396, west Panglao, on sandy bottom; 09°36.3’N 123°42.0’E;  673- 715 mdepth;  31.V.2005; ZRC 2016.0446•  2 ♂, 1 ♂, 13.2 × 16.1 mmwith sacculinid; PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2405, on sandy-muddy bottom; 09°39.0’N 123°46.1’E,  1.VI.2005; ZRC 2006.0199•  1 ♂, 1♀, (both with bopyrids); PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2358, Bohol Sea; 08°52.1’N, 123°37.1’E;  569-583 mdepth;  26.V.2005; ZRC 2016.0439•  1 ♂(with bopyrid); PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2396, Maribojoc Bay, 09°36.3’N, 123°42.0’E;  609- 673 mdepth;  31.V.2005; ZRC 2016.0447•  1 ♂, (with bopyrid); PANGLAO 2005, stn CP2405, Maribojoc Bay; 09°39.0’N, 123°46.1’E;  387-453 mdepth;  1.VI.2005; ZRC 2016.0436•  1 ♀(with bopyrid), station unknown; Bohol Sea; V-VI 2005; ZRC 2016.0441•  1 ♀, 12.8 × 17.9 mm; AURORA 2007, stn CP2673, Luzon Sea; 14°59.83’N, 121°43.90’E- 15°01.44’N, 121°44.75’E;  431-493m;  22.V.2007; ZRC 2019.0559•  1 ♀, 7.9 × 10.9 mm; AURORA 2007, stn DW2692, Luzon Sea; 14°40.15’N, 123°40.06’E- 14°40.45’N, 123°40.59’E;  261- 272 mdepth;  26.V.2007; ZRC 2019.0560.   South   China Sea• 1 ♀, ovigerous 9.4 × 13.0 mm; NANHAI 2014, stn CP4117, LL4; 20°00.8788’N, 114°08.7974’E;  333- 421 mdepth;  11.I.2014, ZRC 2019.0561•  1 ♀, 1 ♂; same data as stn CP4117; ZRC 2019.0210•  1 ♀; ZHONGSHA 2015, stn CP4155, northeast of Macclesfield Bank; 16°13.60’N, 115°01.61’E;  510-526 mdepth;  28.VII.2015; ZRC 2019.0562•  1 ♂, 11.1 × 16.0 mm; ZHONGSHA 2015, stn CP4165, south of Taiwan Bank; 22°09.888’N, 118°42.023’E;  443-618 mdepth;  1.VIII.2015; ZRC 2019.0563•  1 ♀; ZHONGSHA 2015, stn CP4166, south of Taiwan Bank; 22°07.6245’N, 118°43.3003’E;  587-756 mdepth;  1.VIII.2015; ZRC 2019.0564•  1 ♀, 6.8 × 8.8 mm; ORI3 CRUISE, stn 9, Tungsha Is, 21°40.293’N 117°43.244’E- 21°38.995’N 117°41.649’E; 523-  510 mdepth; coll. I.-S. Chen;  9.VII.2011; ZRC 2019.0374.  DIAGNOSIS. — Carapace ( Figs 13A, B; 14A, B; 15A, B) quadrate, slightly wider than long (1.4 × wider than long in holotype); slightly convex, slight transverse elevations, slight tomentum. Front ( Figs 13C, D; 14C, D; 15C) straight, notch on each lateral margin absent or slight if present. Rounded, short tooth on outer orbital angle; two slender, acute-tipped anterolateral teeth on each side of carapace. Small, short granules on subhepatic, pterygostomial regions ( Figs 13D; 14D), becoming more pronounced in pterygostomial crest, ridge; short granules on anterior, dorsal surface of carapace. Posterior margin of epistome ( Figs 13D; 14D) straight, slight median emargination in some specimens, shallow notch on each lateral margin. Distal half of fingers dark brown in females ( Figs 13A, I, J; 15A), two third in males ( Fig. 14A, H). “Window” not observed on outer surface of cheliped propodus. Inner (ventral), distal margin of cheliped carpus ( Figs 13F; 14F; 15E) with acute, conspicuous tooth. P2-P5 ( Figs 13A; 14A; 15A; 28A-F) slender in appearance. Malepleon proportionally wide ( Fig. 14G). G1 ( Fig. 24A-C, E, G) slender; pointed tip with scattered spinules, abundant, almost reaching margin of tip in some individuals; G2 ( Fig. 24D, F, H) slender, nearly equal or slightly longer than G1, slightly curved flagellum, tip with two lateral spinules. COLOUR IN LIFE. — Orange carapace that intensifies with age, at least in females ( Fig. 27D-F). The legs (P2-P5) of females show thin, red bands across the middle portion. Males are orange without any banding on the legs ( Fig. 27A-C).  GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. — Japan, East ChinaSea, Taiwan, Philippines, and South ChinaSea. DEPTH. — Present in samples collected at depths of 164-989 m; 2120-2149 min one station, possibly an error.  REMARKS See Remarks for  C. abyssicola. The relatively long, acute, and conspicuous tooth on the inner distal angle of the cheliped carpus ( Figs 13F; 14F; 15E) is a good character to distinguish  C. verdensis, with most specimens showing this character. No other species treated here has this character. Some specimens (e.g. 1 ♀, 12.8 × 17.9 mm, ZRC 2019.0559) have lower, more obtuse cheliped carpal spines, not acute and elongated as is typical specimens.  Guinot (1989), who only observed the holotype, separated  C. verdensisbecause of the absence of the “window” of  C. specularis, the acute anterolateral teeth, and relatively more slender legs (P2-P5). The ambulatory meri of  C. verdensisare indeed one of the longest in the group (see remarks for  C. abyssicola), although in a few specimens, the legs are somewhat shorter (e.g. Fig. 28E, F). A very large (54.0 × 69.0 mm) male specimen from southwestern Indiaidentified as  C. verdensisby Selvaraj & Kathirvel (1980: 159, figs 1, 2) is clearly not this species as presently defined.  Carcinoplax verdensisdoes not grow to such a large size, and the general carapace facies and G1 structure also do not match. The photograph of the overall habitus is too poor to see distinguishing characters and it probably belongs to  C. indica Doflein, 1904instead. This species was described from the Andamans and is known to grow to very large sizes. The size of the Indian specimen also argues against it being  C. longipes,  C. fasciata Ng & Kumar, 2016, or  C. mistio Ng & Mitra, 2019. 2636192305 USNM Philippines Ovigerous Albatross 26 263 USNM 46167 1 1 holotype 2636192435 1908-01-21 2000-07-29 1908-01-21 ZRC, USNM T. - Y. Chan & Philippines. & Albatross & Sombrero I. & Verde & Passage 551 22.396667 southwestern Taiwan 860 120.15 26 263 ZRC 2001.2216, USNM 46167 2 1 1 holotype 2636192378 1985-06-03 808 12.533334 1293 120.78333 26 263 MNHN-IU-2016-8001 1 1 2636192411 2000-12 ZRC Panglao 250 9.516722 Bohol 1 123.680695 Balicasag 26 263 ZRC 2001.0395 10 2 8 holotype 2636192328 2000-12 ZRC 250 9.516722 1 123.680695 26 263 ZRC 2019.0544 1 1 holotype 2636192366 2005-05-22 ZRC 407 27 264 9.646667 Maribohoc Bay 129 123.765 26 263 ZRC 2019.0547, ZRC 2006.0214 1 1 holotype 2636192317 2005-05-23 ZRC 348 9.511666 Balicasag Island 129 123.706665 27 264 ZRC 2019.0548 1 1 holotype 2636192336 2005-05-23 ZRC 170 9.531667 Balicasag Island 129 123.72833 27 264 ZRC 2019.0550 1 1 holotype 2636192447 2005-05-23 ZRC 170 9.531667 Balicasag Island 129 123.72833 27 264 ZRC 2019.0573 1 1 holotype 2636192423 2005-05-26 ZRC 456 8.831667 Bohol Sea 129 123.581665 27 264 ZRC 2019.0553 1 1 holotype 2636192316 ZRC 27 264 ZRC 2019.0549 1 1 holotype 2636192348 ZRC 27 264 ZRC 2009.0990 2 1 1 holotype 2636192385 2005-05-26 ZRC 530 8.885 Bohol Sea 129 123.558334 27 264 ZRC 2019.0554 2 2 holotype 2636192311 2005-05-29 ZRC 636 8.77 Aligbay Island 129 123.26833 27 264 ZRC 2019.0546 16 11 1 4 holotype 2636192325 2005-05-29 ZRC 986 8.85 129 123.166664 27 264 ZRC 2009.1003 1 1 holotype 2636192365 2005-05-29 ZRC 2135 8.821667 129 123.03167 27 264 ZRC 2019.0556 1 1 holotype 2636192368 2005-05-30 ZRC 774 9.448334 Maribohoc Bay 129 123.575 27 264 ZRC 2019.0551 1 1 holotype 2636192432 2005-05-30 ZRC 774 9.448334 Maribohoc Bay 129 123.575 27 264 ZRC 2019.0571 2 2 holotype 2636192302 2005-05-30 ZRC 785 9.465 Bohol Sea 129 123.64 27 264 ZRC 2019.0555 4 2 2 holotype 2636192350 2005-05-30 ZRC 518 9.476666 Balicasag Island 129 123.666664 27 264 ZRC 2019.0557 2 2 holotype 2636192347 2005-05-30 ZRC 518 9.476666 Balicasag Island 129 123.666664 27 264 ZRC 2019.0574 1 1 holotype 2636192390 2005-05-31 ZRC 694 9.605 west Panglao 129 123.7 27 264 ZRC 2016.0446 3 3 holotype 2636192446 2005-06-01 ZRC 9.65 129 123.76833 27 264 ZRC 2006.0199 3 3 holotype 2636192345 2005-05-26 ZRC 576 8.868333 Bohol Sea 129 123.61833 27 264 ZRC 2016.0439 2 1 1 holotype 2636192334 2005-05-31 ZRC 641 9.605 Maribojoc Bay 129 123.7 27 264 ZRC 2016.0447 1 1 holotype 2636192459 2005-06-01 ZRC 420 9.65 Maribojoc Bay 129 123.76833 27 264 ZRC 2016.0436 1 1 holotype 2636192329 ZRC Bohol Sea 27 264 ZRC 2016.0441 1 1 holotype 2636192357 2007-05-22 ZRC 462 15.024 Luzon Sea 13 121.745834 27 264 ZRC 2019.0559 1 1 holotype 2636192386 2007-05-26 ZRC 267 14.674167 Luzon Sea 13 123.6765 27 264 ZRC 2019.0560 1 1 holotype 2636192342 2014-01-11 ZRC China 377 20.014647 Sea 1 114.14662 27 264 ZRC 2019.0561 1 1 Sea 2636192460 2014-01-11 ZRC China 377 20.014647 Sea 1 114.14662 27 264 ZRC 2019.0210 2 1 1 Sea 2636192394 2015-07-28 ZRC China 518 16.226667 Macclesfield Bank 13 115.02683 27 264 ZRC 2019.0562 1 1 Sea 2636192333 2015-08-01 ZRC China 531 22.1648 Taiwan Bank 1 118.700386 27 264 ZRC 2019.0563 1 1 Sea 2636192398 2015-08-01 ZRC China 672 22.127075 Taiwan Bank 1 118.72167 27 264 ZRC 2019.0564 1 1 Sea 2636192335 2011-07-09 ZRC I. - S. Chen China 510 21.649918 Tungsha Is 1 117.69415 27 264 ZRC 2019.0374 1 1 Sea