A synopsis of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands
Miller, James S.
Adansonia
2005
3
27
1
113
127
6C6CK
Baker
[705,1114,1125,1150]
Magnoliopsida
Boraginaceae
Cynoglossum
Plantae
Boraginales
9
122
Tracheophyta
species
monophlebium
J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 20: 211 (1884). — Type: Baron1871, Madagascar, Central Madagascar, fl., fr., Oct. 1882(lecto-,K!; iso-, P!). Perennial herb, lacking an evident rosette, from a woody taproot (apparently sometimes flowering in the first year and lacking the taproot at that stage); stems erect, with a few scattered siliceous hairs or glabrous. Leaves alternate, those at the base larger, but otherwise not morphologically different from the cauline leaves; blades oblanceolate to linear, 2.5-5(-7.5) cm long, 2.5-10 (-15) mm wide, the apex obtuse to rounded, the base clasping, the margin unevenly serrate, sometimes minutely so, or undulate, the adaxial surface moderately to sparsely strigillose, sometimes unevenly so, the hairs thin, the abaxial surface sparsely to moderately strigose, more densely so FIG. 3. — Cynoglossum lowryanumJ.S.Mill.: A, flowering plant; B, flower; C, nutlets. Perrier de la Bâthie 2206(P). 45°E 50°E FIG. 4. — Distributions of the non-endemic species of Cynoglossummapped on the bioclimatic zones of Madagascar (after CORNET 1974; see SCHATZ 2000): C. cernuumBaker(H), C. lanceolatumForssk. (). on the midrib, the hairs thicker than those on the adaxial surface; midrib impressed on the adaxial surface, the secondary venation obscure. Inflorescences terminal, the stems usually branched multiple times into multi-flowered cymes; flowers bisexual, borne on slender pedicels 0.5-4 mmlong; sepals ovate, 1.3-1.5 mmlong, 0.5-0.6 mmwide, acute at the apex, evenly strigillose; corolla blue, campanulate, the tube c. 1.3 mmlong, with small papillate, saccate faucal appendages, the lobes ovate to widely ovate, 1.5 mmlong, 1.5-2 mmwide; anthers borne just beneath the faucal appendages, 0.5 mmlong, nearly sessile; ovary c. 0.3 mmtall, style 0.3- 0.5 mmlong, the stigma capitate. Fruits 3-4 mmbroad; nutlets ovoid, 1.5-2 mmbroad, the margin with a glochidiate wing, the dorsal surface evenly glochidiate. This is a very distinctive species, in its perennial, non-rosette growth habit, nearly glabrous stems, distinctive leaves with odd, uneven serration, very small flowers, and uniformly glochidiate fruits.
DISTRIBUTION. — Cynoglossum monophlebiumis restricted to south-central Madagascar( Fig. 4), where it occurs on the massif at Ankaratra and also near Ihosy, from 1400-2300 min elevation. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Vulnerable (VU B1ab(i-iv)). Cynoglossum monophlebiumhas a restricted distribution within central Madagascarbut appears not to be uncommon where it does occur.
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — MADAGASCAR: Baron360, Central Madagascar, fl., s. date ( K!); Baron2009, Central Madagascar, fl., fr. (fasciated abnormal growth), Oct. 1882( K!, P!); Baron3307, Central Madagascar, fl., fr., s. date ( K!, P!); Bosser8712, Prov. Antananarivo, Nanokely, Ankaratra, 19°33 ’S, 47°09’E, fl., Nov. 1955( MO!, P!, TAN); Bosser8816, Prov. Antananarivo, Ambohimandroso, près d’Ambatolampy, cultures et jachères sur alluvions récentes de l’Onive, 1500 m, 19°32’S, 47°26’E, fl., fr., Dec. 1955( P!, TAN); Croat29069, Prov. Antananarivo, massif l’Ankaratra, station forestière Manjakatompo, near Sommet Nosiarivo, 1950 m, 19°20’S, 47°15’E, fl., fr., 22 Jan. 1975( MO!, P!); Croat29089, Prov. Antananarivo, vicinity of station forestière Antsampandrano, 1750 m, 19°36’S, 47°03’E, fl., fr., 23 Jan. 1975( MO!, P!); Decary15053, Prov. Fianarantsoa, Ihosy, 22°24’S, 46°08’E, fl., 9 Oct. 1939( MO!, P!); Jacquemin H243 J, Prov. Antananarivo, sur rocher en trachyte de l’Ambohimirandrana, station forestière de l’Ankaratra, 19°20’S, 47°27’E, fl., 27 Feb. 1966( P!); Le Myre de Vilerss.n., s. loc., fl., s. date ( P!); Peltier& Peltier1835, Prov. Antananarivo, Manjakatompo, Sommet Anosiarivo, 19°22 ’S, 47°18’E, fl., 3 Feb. 1960( P!); Perrier de la Bâthie9089, Prov. Antananarivo, alluvions de l’Onibeà Tsinjoarivo, 1400 m, 19°38’S, 47°42’E, fl., fr., Sep. 1911( P!); Perrier de la Bâthie18312, Prov. Antananarivo, Antsirabe, 19°51’S, 47°02’E, fl., Oct. 1927( P!); Schlieben8150, Prov. Antananarivo, Antsirabe, 1500 m, 19°51’S, 47°02’E, fl., 13 Dec. 1959( BM!, K!); Viguier& Humbert 1708, Prov. Antananarivo, flanc Wde l’Ankaratra, entre Ambatofotsyet le Tsiafajavona, 2000-2300 m, 19°21’S, 47°15’E, fl., 27 Nov. 1912( P!). FIG. 5. — Cynoglossum tsaratananenseJ.S.Mill.: A, flowering plant; B, upper portion of inflorescence; C, flower; D, nutlets. Perrier de la Bâthie 16465(MO). 6. Cynoglossum tsaratananenseJ.S. Mill., sp. nov. Haec species inter congeneros madagascarienses quoad nuculas dorsaliter glabras 4-5 mmlatas atque fructum in diam. 7-10 mmad Cynoglossum birkinshawii maxime accedit, sed ab eo foliorum basalium laminis anguste ellipticis usque lanceolatis 11-17(-20) cm longis apice acutis usque leviter acuminatis atque petiolis 10-20 cmlongis distinguitur. TYPUS. — Perrier de la Bâthie16465, Madagascar, Prov. Antsiranana, massif de Tsaratanana, près des eaux, 2600 m, 13°57’S, 48°52’E, fl., fr., Apr. 1929(holo-, P!; iso-, MO!, P!). Perennial herb from a woody taproot 3-5 mmin diam.; stems erect to 55 cm, with scattered, thin, appressed to erect hairs; basal leaves clustered in a loose rosette of 5-10, blades narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 11-17(-20) cm long, 2.5- 5.5 cmwide, the apex acute to slightly acuminate, the base cuneate to attenuate, the margin entire, the adaxial surface with scattered appressed hairs, the abaxial surface with short, appressed hairs or nearly glabrous, but evenly strigose on the midrib; venation brochidodromous, the midrib impressed on the adaxial surface; secondary and tertiary veins visible on the abaxial surface; petioles 10-20 cmlong, canaliculate on the adaxial surface, glabrous or with scattered hairs; cauline leaves alternate, sessile, blades lanceolate to ovate, 3.5-8 cmlong, 1-2.5 cmwide, the apex acute to obtuse, the base obtuse to clasping, the margin entire. Inflorescences terminal, the stems usually branched multiple times into multi-flowered cymes; flowers bisexual, borne on pedicels 2- 6 mmlong; sepals ovate, 2-2.5 mmlong, 1- 1.3 mmwide, acute to obtuse at the apex, sparsely to moderately strigillose; corolla blue, campanulate, the tube 2-2.5 mmlong, with 5 saccate granular faucal appendages, the lobes widely depressed ovate, 1.5-2 mmlong; anthers borne just beneath the faucal appen- dages, c. 1 mmlong, sessile or nearly so; ovary less than 1 mmtall, style c. 1 mmlong, stigma capitate. Fruits 7-10 mmbroad; nutlets ovoid, 4-5 mmbroad, margin with an entire wing, the dorsal surface glabrous, glochidia completely absent. — Fig. 5.
DISTRIBUTION. — Cynoglossum tsaratananenseis known only from the typecollection made at 2600 mon Tsaratananain north-central Madagascar( Fig. 4). CONSERVATION STATUS. — Provisional IUCN Red List Category: Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(i-iv) + 2ab(i-iv)). Cynoglossum tsaratananensehas been collected only once, and not since 1929, and it is questionable whether this species still survives, although its single known locality is within a protected area.
1882-10
J
Madagascar
Baron
Central
9
122
1
K
Madagascar
Central Madagascar
Baron
11
124
1
1882-10
K, P
Madagascar
Central Madagascar
Baron
11
124
1
K, P
Madagascar
Central Madagascar
Baron
11
124
1
1955-11
MO, P, TAN
Madagascar
Bosser
-19.55
Nanokely
1271
47.15
Prov.
11
124
1
Antananarivo
1955-12
P, TAN
Madagascar
Bosser
1500
-19.533333
Ambohimandroso
1271
47.433334
Prov.
11
124
1
Antananarivo
1975-01-22
MO, P
Madagascar
Croat
1950
-19.333334
l'Ankaratra
1272
47.25
Prov.
11
124
1
Antananarivo
1975-01-23
MO, P
Madagascar
Croat
1750
-19.6
Antsampandrano
1271
47.05
Prov.
11
124
1
Antananarivo
1939-10-09
MO, P
Madagascar
Decary
-22.4
Ihosy
1260
46.133335
Prov.
11
124
1
Fianarantsoa
1966-02-27
J, P
Prov. & de l'Ambohimirandrana
Madagascar
-19.333334
l'Ankaratra
1272
47.45
Jacquemin
11
124
H243
1
Antananarivo
P
Madagascar
Le Myre de Vilers
11
124
1
Antananarivo
1960-02-03
P
Peltier
Madagascar
Prov.
-19.366667
Sommet Anosiarivo
1272
47.3
Manjakatompo
11
124
1
Antananarivo
1911-09
P
Madagascar
Perrier de la Bathie
1400
-19.633333
l'Onibe
1271
47.7
Prov.
11
124
1
Antananarivo
1927-10
P
Madagascar
Perrier de la Bathie
-19.85
Antsirabe
1270
47.033333
Prov.
11
124
1
Antananarivo
1959-12-13
BM, K
Madagascar
Schlieben
1500
-19.85
Antsirabe
1270
47.033333
Prov.
11
124
1
Antananarivo
1912-11-27
W, P
Ambatofotsy & le Tsiafajavona
Madagascar
Viguier
2150
13
126
-19.35
l'Ankaratra
1272
47.25
Prov.
11
124
1
Antananarivo
1929-04
P, MO
Perrier de la Bathie & de Tsaratanana
Madagascar
2600
-13.95
Antsiranana
1289
48.866665
13
126
1
Antsiranana
holotype
Madagascar
2600
Tsaratanana
13
126
1