The restablishment of Dyckia oligantha and D. nana (Bromeliaceae, Pitcairnioideae), belonging to the D. macedoi complex Guarçoni, Elidio Armando Exposto Azevedo, Aristéia Alves De Costa, Andrea Ferreira Da Phytotaxa 2017 2017-05-05 306 1 49 65 6DQ77 L. B. Smith (1952: 195) L. B. Smith 195 1952 [164,621,1860,1887] Liliopsida Bromeliaceae Dyckia Plantae Poales 7 56 Tracheophyta species macedoi   Type:— BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Conceição do Mato Dentro, Serra do Cipó, 15 January 1951, Macedo 2974( holotypeUS Photo!).  Plantterrestrial or saxicolous, flowering 15.2–45.3 cmhigh. Leaves 9–39 innumber, rigid, succulent, the basal ones reflexed, the median ones spreading-arcuate to suberect, the upper ones suberect to erect, forming a symmetrical rosette, 4.1–12.3 cmlong, 9.8–19.1(–21.8) cm in diameter; sheathssuborbicular, 1.4–2.8 × 0.9–3.4 cm, white to greenish, pale-brown spotted on the upper half abaxially, cinereous lepidote in the upper third abaxially, inconspicuously spinose of brown spines; bladesnarrowly triangular, 4.4–11.7 × 0.6–1.7 cm, canaliculate, green, densely cinereous lepidote abaxially, trichomes concentrated between the ribs and not obscuring the leaf color in between, glabrous adaxially, or trichomes slightly or densely concentrates on both surfaces, apex acute, pungent, margins spinose except for the apical third; the basal spines antrorse to patent in the median ones, dark brown, 1–2.2 × 0.4–0.5 mm, 3–6.7(–7.7) mm apart. Inflorescencesimple, erect, 13.3–44.5 cmlong; fertile part of the inflorescence 2–12.3 cmlong; peduncleerect, terete, 9.6–35.1 cmlong, 1.3–2.9 mmin diameter, green, except for the orange distal third, glabrous, internodes 6.7–27.9 mm; rachis orange, 1.2–1.5 mmin diameter, glabrous; peduncle bractsshorter than internodes, broadly ovate, acuminate, ending in a spine, the lower ones 0.8–3.7 (9.3) × 0.2–0.6 cm, green, apex densely white lepidote, margins entire, the upper ones 3.6–7.8(–11.2) × 1.8–4.4(–5.5) mm, stramineous, carinate, glabrous, margins ciliate. Floral bractsshorter than the pedicels, 2.9–7.3 × 1.1–5.6(–6.4) mm, orange, broadly ovate, patent, convex, ecarinate, acuminate, ending in a spine, serrulate. Flowers5–26(–32) in number, polystichously and subdensely arranged, spreading at the anthesis, 1–1.6 cmlong; pedicelsdistinct, orange, 3.4–6.6(–7.8) mm long, glabrous; sepalssymmetric, reaching the midpoint of the petals, orange, broadly ovate to elliptic, 3.9–5.8 × 3–6.1(–7.6) mm, apex acuminate or with an inconspicuous apiculus, glabrous, margins ciliate of conspicuous marginal trichomes, entire at the lower third; petalsasymmetric, orange, rhombic, 6.1–8.7 × (4.5–) 5.1–7.5 mm, obtuse to retuse, margins entire, glabrous, corolla tubular. Stamensincluded; filaments pale yellow, linear, 3–6 mmlong, connate at the base for 0.7–1.9 mmto form a common tube with the petals, free above it; anthers lanceolate, 2.7–3.1 mmlong, acute or with an inconspicuous apiculus, yellow, dorsifixed near the base. Ovarysuperior part pyramidal, orange, 2.8–4.6 mmlong; style orange, 0.4–1.1(–3.3) mm long; stigma, 0.3–0.9 mmlong, yellow. Capsulesovoid, dark brown to black, 7–9.9 mmlong, 4.2–8.4 mmin diameter, suberect to erect.   FIGURE 4. A–L.Details of species from the  Dyckia macedoicomplex. A–D.  D. macedoi. A.Detail of the leaf margin, showing the size of spines and the distances between them. B.Floral bract. C.Flower. D.Detail of the flower in longitudinal section. E–H.  D. nana. E.Detail of the leaf margin, showing the size of spines and the distances between them. F.Floral bract. G.Flower. H.Detail of the flower in longitudinal section. I–L.  D. oligantha. I.Detail of the leaf margin, showing the size of spines and the distances between them. J.Floral bract. K.Flower. L.Detail of the flower in longitudinal section. (Illustrations: Reinaldo Monteiro)   FIGURE 5. A–C.  Dyckia macedoi. A.Population Km 5 (P1). B.Population from Serra do Estreito (P2). C.Population from Serrinha (P3). D–E.  D. nana. D.Flowering. E.Rosette shape and the substrate over which it occurs. (Photo: Elidio Guarçoni)  Additional specimen examined:—  BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Jaboticatubas, ao longo da rodovia Lagoa Santa— Conceição do Mato Dentro—Diamantina, est. da Usina,  2 November 1972,  Joly& Semirs.n.( SP 144945);  Serra da Lagoa Dourada,  12 February 1996,  Forzza162 et al. ( VIC; SPF);  Serrinha, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó,  18 November 2009,  Louzada153 et al.( SP). Santana do Pirapama, Serra do Cipó, acesso pela Faz. Inhame, estr. de terra ligando Capela de São Joséa Santana do Riacho, 18º59’47”S– 43º45’55”W,  5 March 2009,  Zappi1681 et al. ( SPF); estr. velha para a mina de manganês, subida da serra, campo de velózias,  1133 melev., 18º55’26”S– 43º42’24”W,  13 November 2006,  Zappi2343( SPF). Santana do Riacho, ao longo da rodovia BH-Conceição do Mato Dentro, estr. da Usina,  21 March 1983,  Wanderley582( SP);  Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, Cachoeira da Farofa, 7 September987,  Wanderleys.n. et al.( SP 221692);  Serra do Cipó, km 110, ao longo da estr. Belo Horizonte-Conceição de Mato Dentro, estr. da Usina,  16 September 1983,  Arraess.n.( RB 271813); 3 Kmao norte do Chapéu do Sol, logo abaixo do Km110,  13 August 1985,  Rutchison& Páffaros.n.( RB 245075);  Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, Serra do Estreito,  883 melev., 19°21’27”S– 43°36’30”W,  23 May 2011,  Guarçoni1659 & Paixão( VIC);  Serrinha,  883 melev., 19°21’19”S– 43°37’28”W,  23 May 2011,  Guarçoni1654 & Paixão( VIC);  Serra do Cipó, MG-10, Km5, lado esquerdo em direção Alto Palácio, 19º17’26”S– 43º36’00”W,  11 April 2012,  Guarçoni1816(R).   Distribution and habitat:—This species is terrestrial and saxicolous in “Campos Rupestres” vegetation, growing on quartz rocky outcrops in graminoid field, at 883 to 1137 melevation, at Serra do Cipó, Espinhaço mountain range.  Phenology:—Flowering from August to May.  Conservation status:—Although  D. macedoioccurs in a Conservation Unit (Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó), the species was categorized as vulnerable (VU) due to an estimated 30% reduction in size of its population caused by urban growth at Serra do Cipó.   Comments:—The species can be easily distinguished from  D. nanaand  D. oligantaby its symmetric rosettes ( vs.asymmetric) and patent flowers ( vs.suberect). The specimens collected in the Santana do Pirapama region ( D. Zappi 1681 et al.and D. Zappi 2343 et al.) show distinct characters then those found in specimens from the Serra do Cipó population, like the more densely arranged spines (1.5– 1.2 mm vs.3–6.7 (7.7) mm) and the lower floral bracts longer than pedicels ( vs.shorter than pedicels). The density of leaf trichomes varies according to the habitat and altitude in  D. macedoi( Table 6). Populations may also differ from one another in terms of whether they form clumpsor not. Individuals from Serra do Estreito often form clumps, while those from Serrinha and at km 5 of road MG-010 usually remain isolated under the shadows of subshrubs. Style size also varies in these populations. At Serrinha and km 5 of MG-010, individuals have subsessile stigma and very narrow styles. Additional studies on their reproductive biology are needed for a better understanding of these differences.   TABLE 6. Studied populations from the  Dyckia macedoicomplex, showing variations in trichome density according to elevation and soil type. 1972-11-02 SP da Usina & Joly & Semir Brazil Lagoa Santa - Conceicao do Mato Dentro - Diamantina Jaboticatubas 10 59 SP 144945 1 Minas Gerais 1996-02-12 VIC, SPF Forzza Brazil Serra da Lagoa Dourada 10 59 1 2009-03-05 2009-11-18 2009-03-05 SP, SPF Zappi Brazil Serrinha -18.99639 Louzada 21 -43.765278 Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipo 10 59 1 1983-03-21 2006-11-13 1983-03-21 SPF, SP Zappi & da Usina & Wanderley Brazil 1133 -18.92389 Mato Dentro 21 -43.70667 Santana do Riacho 10 59 1 SP September & Wanderley Brazil Cachoeira da Farofa Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipo 10 59 SP 221692 1 1983-09-16 RB da Usina & Arraes Brazil Belo Horizonte-Conceicao de Mato Dentro Serra do Cipo 10 59 RB 271813 1 1985-08-13 RB Rutchison & Paffaro Brazil Km Km Chapeu do Sol 10 59 RB 245075 1 2011-05-23 VIC Guarconi & Paixao Brazil 883 -19.3575 Serra do Estreito 21 -43.608334 Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipo 10 59 1 2011-05-23 VIC Guarconi & Paixao Brazil 883 -19.355278 Serrinha 21 -43.624443 10 59 1 2012-04-11 Guarconi Brazil Serra do Cipo -19.290556 Alto Palacio 21 -43.6 Km 10 59 1