Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis Cock, Matthew J. W. Congdon, T. Colin E. Collins, Steve C. Zootaxa 2016 4066 3 201 247 92QGM Aurivillius, 1925 Aurivillius 1925 [151,517,686,712] Insecta Hesperiidae Xanthodisca Animalia Lepidoptera 18 219 Arthropoda genus  The late T.B. Larsen (pers. comm. 2015) re-examined the members of the genus, and concluded that  X. arielprobably belongs to one of the Madagascan endemic genera (  Perrotiaor  Miraja), whereas  astrapeis not related to any other genus, so he planned to describe new genus to hold it. The food plants of  arielare unknown but Larsen suggests they will be found to be bamboos, whereas  X. vibiusand  X. regafeed on  Aframomumspp. ( Zingiberaceae) and  X. astrapefeeds on Marantaceae, and is treated below in the section on Marantaceaefeeders. Contrary to what Aurivillius (1925)and Evans (1937)thought,  Xanthodiscais not closely related to  Pardaleodes, a grass-feeding genus treated in Cock & Congdon (2014), rather it shows clear affinities with the other Zingiberaceae-feeders treated here, especially  Semalea(above).