Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) Dennis, D. Steve Barnes, Jeffrey K. Knutson, Lloyd Zootaxa 2008 2008-09-03 1868 1 1 98 6WPK [752,890,426,452] Insecta Asilidae Promachus Animalia Diptera 61 62 Arthropoda genus    1 Labral sheath with slight keel or posterior tubercle; proboscial sheath with 1–2 median tubercles on each side of midline; anterior coxal sheath without callosity on each side of midline near proboscial sheath tubercle; dorsal abdominal spines not sagittate or broad basally; abdominal segment 9 with ventral posterolateral processes not basally fused to dorsal posterolateral processes .......................................................2  ­ Labral sheath with posterior keel; proboscial sheath with 2 median tubercles on each side of midline; anterior coxal sheath with 1–2 callosities on each side of midline near proboscial sheath tubercle; dorsal abdominal spines sagittate or broad basally; abdominal segment 9 with or without ventral posterolateral processes basally fused to dorsal posterolateral processes..........................................................................3   2 Proboscial sheath usually with 1–2 median tubercles on each side of midline; maxillary sheath often with minute median processes on each side of labral sheaths; venter of abdominal segment 2 with 5–8 bristlelike spines on each side of hind leg sheath; segment 8 with 1 dorsolateral bristle­like spine on each side..... ..................................................................................................................  Promachus bastardii(Macquart)  ­ Proboscial sheath with 1 median tubercle on each side of midline; maxillary sheath without median processes on each side of labral sheaths; venter of abdominal segment 2 with 1–2 bristle­like spines on each side of hind leg sheaths; segment 8 without dorsolateral bristle­like spines on each side ............................ ......................................................................................................................  Promachus rufipes(Fabricius)   3 Anterior coxal sheath with 1 small callosity on each side of midline near proboscial sheath tubercle; abdominal segments 2–4 with long, sagittate spurs; segment 7 with alternating long, narrow, dorsal spurs and short, dorsal spines; segment 9 with ventral posterolateral processes not basally fused to dorsal posterolateral processes .....................................................................................  Promachus fitchiiOsten Sacken  ­ Anterior coxal sheath with 1–2 small callosities on each side of midline near proboscial sheath tubercle; abdominal segments 2–4 with long, broad spurs; segment 7 with long, dorsal, sagittate spurs, rarely with a small spine between long spurs; segment 9 with ventral posterolateral processes basally fused to dorsal posterolateral processes .................................................................................  Promachus vertebratus(Say)