Gammarus tumaf, Özbek & Aksu & Baytaşoğlu, 2023
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.89957 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:96DE81C2-55DD-4E90-8186-ADD75AD2F8D9 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/654377E5-2984-4189-B1EF-7D7346A414EF |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:654377E5-2984-4189-B1EF-7D7346A414EF |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Gammarus tumaf |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Gammarus tumaf sp. nov.
Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 , 4 View Figure 4 , 5 View Figure 5
Holotype.
Male, 12.6 mm (ESFM-MALI/20-10), Zonguldak Province, Türkiye (41°26′26.42″N, 31°49′57.48″E), 03.ix.2020; collected by M. Elverici.
Paratypes.
3 males and 3 females, (ESFM-MALI/20-11), same data as holotype.
Diagnosis.
A medium-large species with a smooth body, lacking body pigmentation, minute eyes, setose (both peduncle and flagellar segments) second antenna, slightly swollen flagellar segments (second antenna), setose pereopods 3 and 4 and relatively short endopod/exopod ratio of the third uropod.
Description of holotype male.
Head: Rostrum absent, inferior antennal sinus deep, rounded. Eyes small, ovoid; shorter than the diameter of the first peduncular segment of antenna 1 (Fig. 1d View Figure 1 ).
Antennae: Antenna 1 is longer than half of the body length; the length ratio of the peduncular segments is 1:0.7:0.5; peduncle segments bear a few groups of minute setae; the length of the setae is much shorter than the segment where they are implanted; the main flagellum with 30 segments; each segment bears a few short setae in distal side; aesthetasc absent; accessory flagellum 5 segmented (Fig. 3D View Figure 3 ). Antenna 2 is shorter than antenna 1 (ratio 1:0.56); the antennal gland cone is straight and short; setation is rich both on peduncular and flagellar segments; peduncular segments 4 and 5 bear many groups of setae; the setae on the ventral part of the peduncle segments are longer than the dorsal ones and can be up to 1.5 times longer than the diameter of the segment; flagellum consists of 13 segments; flagellar segments are setose and swollen; each segment bears many long setae on both dorsal and ventral sides; calceoli absent (Fig. 3A View Figure 3 ).
Mouthparts: Left mandible (Fig. 2H View Figure 2 ) with 5-toothed incisor, lacinia mobilis with 4 dentitions, molar triturative. The first article of palp without setae, the second one bears 13 setae; the setae become shorter from distal to proximal. The third segment has 28 D-setae, 4-5 E-setae, one group of A- and one group of B-setae. C-setae absent.
Right mandible (Fig. 2I View Figure 2 ) has a 3-toothed incisor and bifurcate lacinia mobilis.
Right maxilla 1 (Fig. 2D View Figure 2 ) is asymmetric to the left, it has 20 plumose setae along the inner margin of the inner lobe. The outer lobe bears 11 distal stout serrate spines and some tiny setules on the inner margin. Palp of the outer lobe with no setae in the first segment and five stout spines and two simple setae on the distal part of the second segment, in addition to two marginal setae along the outer margin. The second article of left palp elongated and bears 8 spines and 5 simple setae on its distal part and no setae along the outer margin.
Lower lip (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ) has no inner lobe and bears numerous small simple setae along the distal margins of both lobes.
Upper lip (Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ) with numerous minute setules in the distal part.
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 2F, G View Figure 2 ) has 20-25 simple setae in the distal part of the outer lobe and a few tiny hairs along the outer margin. The inner lobe also has 8-10 simple setae in the distal part in addition to 20 plumose setae located in a diagonal row along the inner margin. There are also a few tiny hairs in the proximal part of the inner margin of the lobe.
Maxilliped (Fig. 2E View Figure 2 ) inner plate has 3 tooth-like spines and a spine in the distal part and the distal corner, respectively. Additionally, there are 6 plumose setae along the inner margin of the lobe. Outer plate armed with 4-5 serrate stout setae in the distal part and 13 spines along its inner margin.
Coxal plates: Coxal plate 1 is rectangular, the distal part slightly widened, the ventral margin slightly convex and bears 4 antero-distal setae and one postero-distal seta in addition to some tiny setules along the ventral margin (Fig. 3B View Figure 3 ). Coxal plate 2 is in the shape of an elongated rectangle, distal part narrower than the proximal, the ventral margin is highly convex and setation is similar to that of coxal plate 1 (Fig. 3C View Figure 3 ). Coxal plate 3 is similar in shape and setation to coxal plate 2, with less narrowing in the distal part (Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ). The ventral edge of the fourth coxal plate is almost straight and bears 4 and 7 setae along the anteroventral and posterior margins, respectively (Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ). Coxal plates 5 and 6 bilobate, each one having one seta in the anterior and 4 setae in the posterior lobes (Fig. 4D, E View Figure 4 ). Coxal plate 7 with 3-4 setae on the posteroventral margin (Fig. 4C View Figure 4 ).
Gnathopods: Basal segment of gnathopod 1 bears many long setae along both margins, the length of the setae can be more than twice the diameter of the segment. Ischium bears a group of setae in posteroventral corner. Posterior margin of the merus with 4 groups of setae. Carpus triangular and bears two groups of setae along the anterior margin in addition to many setae groups on both ventral and posterior sides. Propodus pyriform, the length/width ratio is 1: 0.34, anterior margin with three groups of setae, medial palmar spine is present, posterodistal corner armed with a strong spine in addition to some small spines, posterior margin bears 4-5 groups of setae. Dactylus reaches the posterodistal corner and bears a simple seta along the outer margin in addition to a small setule around the distal part of the inner margin (Fig. 3B, B View Figure 3 ').
Basis and ischium of gnathopod 2 have a similar setation to that of gnathopod 1. Merus and carpus are more setose than those of gnathopod 1. Carpus triangular, densely setose along the posterior margin in addition to three groups of setae along the anterior margin. Propodus is densely setose and has a sub-rectangular shape, the length/width ratio is 1: 0.55, anterior margin bears 4 groups of setae, some setae have curled distal tips, posterior margin with many groups of setae, medial palmar spine is present, posterodistal corner armed with three strong spines in addition to some small spines. Dactylus reaches the posterodistal corner and bears a simple seta along the outer margin in addition to a small setule around the distal part of the inner margin (Fig. 3C, C View Figure 3 ').
Pereopods: Anterior and posterior margins of the pereopod 3 bear 4-6 groups of setae, the setae along the posterior margin are much longer than those in the anterior margin and posterior margins of the merus, carpus and propodus bear long and slightly curved setae, the setae can be three times longer than the diameter of the segment where they are implanted. Dactylus slim, a minute plumose seta occurs on the outer margin; the inner margin with two small setules (Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ).
The basal segment of pereopod 4 has a similar setation to that of pereopod 3. Ischium, merus, carpus and propodus have groups of setae along their posterior margins, but they are much shorter and less than those in pereopod 3, the length of the setae can be as long as (or slightly longer) than the diameter of the segment where they are implanted. Dactylus slim, a minute plumose seta occurs on the outer margin; the inner margin with two small setules (Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ).
Posterior margins of the basal segments of pereopods 5 to 7 are more or less convex and bear many short setae, anterior margins with 5-7 small spines and no setae present on the inner surfaces of the basal segments; there is a spine in the posteroventral corner of the basal segment of pereopod 7. Pereopods 6 and 7 bear no setae along the anterior margins of ischium, merus and carpus, while pereopod 5 has a few setae longer than the accompanying spines along with the mentioned segments. Propodus of pereopod 5 to 7 with 4-5 groups of long setae groups along their outer margins in addition to 5-6 groups of small spines along their inner margins. Setae on the outer margins of the propodus of pereopod 7 are shorter than those in pereopod 5 and 6. Dactylus slim, a minute plumose seta occurs on the outer margin; the inner margin with two small setules (Fig. 4C-E View Figure 4 ).
Epimeral plates: They are neither curved nor sharply pointed. Epimeral plate 1 bears 5-6 long setae in addition to a few setules along the anterior margin and posterior margin with 6-7 tiny setae. The posteroventral corner is angular (Fig. 5E View Figure 5 ). Epimeral plate 2 bears 3-4 setae in the anteroventral corner, the ventral margin is armed with 3 spines and the posterior margin with 4-5 setules. The posteroventral corner is angular (Fig. 5F View Figure 5 ). Epimeral plate 3 is slightly pointed; the anteroventral corner bears 6-7 setae; the ventral margin is armed with 4 spines; the posterior margin bears 6-7 setules (Fig. 5G View Figure 5 ).
Urosomites: Not elevated. Each segment bears a median and two dorsolateral groups of armaments; each of them consists of 1-2 spines and 3-4 accompanying setae (Fig. 5H View Figure 5 ).
Uropods: Uropod 1 has a spine in the distoventral corner of the base; the peduncle is longer than rami; the length ratio is about 1:0.75. Peduncle with a spine in the outer margin of the proximal part in addition to 6 spines along the inner margin and 2 spines in the distal part. Both rami are of equal size and bear 4-5 spines along their inferior margins in addition to 4-5 distal spines (Fig. 5D View Figure 5 ).
Uropod 2 is smaller than the first one; the length ratio is about 1:07; the peduncle segment is longer than the rami and bears 4 spines along the inner margin and the outer margin is bare. The length and armaments of both rami are similar to each other, they bear 2-3 spines along their inner and outer margins in addition to 4-5 longer spines on their distal tips (Fig. 5C View Figure 5 ).
Uropod 3 is setose and bears simple and plumose setae. The peduncle segment is much shorter than the outer ramus and the length ratio is about 1:0.38. The outer ramus has two articulated and densely setose along both margins; the outer bears 4 groups of spines accompanied by groups of long simple setae; the inner margin with plumose setae; the second article is well developed and longer than the surrounding distal spines. The inner ramus is about 0.75 × the length of the outer ramus. It bears two spines along the outer margin in addition to groups of simple and plumose setae; the inner margin bears both simple and plumose setae (Fig. 5B View Figure 5 ).
Telson: Telson lobes cleft, each lobe bears 2 spines and 2-3 simple setae in their distal parts. The setae are longer than the spines. There are some setae on the dorsal surface of the lobes in addition to two plumose setules. The length/width ratio of each is about 1:0.5 (Fig. 5A View Figure 5 ).
Etymology.
The species epithet (tumaf) is the abbreviation of the Turkish Caving Federation.
Description of females.
Smaller than males. Except for the sexual dimorphism indicated for the genus Gammarus , females do not show obvious differences from males. Setation and armaments of the extremities are more or less similar to those of males.
Variability.
In some individuals, the size of the eyes is slightly smaller than in the holotype. The number of flagellar segments in Antenna 1 and Antenna 2 can be variable. The number of flagellar segments of Antenna 1 in paratype individuals ranged from 32 to 37. Similarly, the number of flagellar segments of Antenna 2 varied between 11 and 14.
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