Luidia senegalensis (Lamark, 1816)

Cunha, Rosana, Martins, Luciana, Menegola, Carla & Souto, Camilla, 2021, Taxonomy of the sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Bahia State, including ontogenetic variation and an illustrated key to the Brazilian species, Zootaxa 4955 (1), pp. 1-78 : 24-26

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4955.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E800A72A-C56A-492C-9EE6-FA4F8277DE31

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4701411

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF6987EE-FFBA-FFCD-FF54-47837FBCF8DC

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Luidia senegalensis (Lamark, 1816)
status

 

Luidia senegalensis (Lamark, 1816) View in CoL View at ENA

Figures 11–12 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12

Asterias senegalensis Lamarck, 1816: 567 .

Luidia senegalensis View in CoL — Tommasi 1958: 9, fig. 1, pl. 2; 1985: 3; Brito 1968: 10–11, fig. 1, pl. 3; Lima-Verde 1969: 10; Nomura & Fausto Filho 1966: 19; Nunes 1975: 183, figs. 3–4; Clark & Downey 1992: 21–22, pl. 4A; Hendler et al. 1995: 69–71, fig. 15; Fernandes et al. 2002: 422; Magalhães et al. 2005: 63; Manso et al. 2008: 185, fig. 8c–e; Lima & Fernandes 2009: 58; Magris & Deìstro 2010: 59, 61; Xavier 2010: 75; Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011: 107–108; Gondim et al. 2014: 14–15 View Cited Treatment , figs. 4e–h, 12a; Nisperuza et al. 2016: 115; Alvarado et al. 2017: S276; Alitto et al. 2016: 10, figs. 7e–f; Sandino et al. 2017: S294; Bueno et al. 2018: 180, fig. 10; Gurjão & Lotufo 2018: 11; Miranda 2018: 14, fig. 10A; Rubio-Polania et al. 2018: 190; Borrero-Peìrez et al. 2019: 4; Torres & Torres 2019: 413; Turra et al. 2019; Magris & Giarrizzo 2020: 3.

Material examined (2 specs, 19–146 mm R). BRAZIL. Bahia, Todos os Santos Bay (12°46’– 12°51’S; 38°33’– 38°39’W)— 48 m, 29.iv.1997, 1 spec, R GoogleMaps 19 mm ( UFBA 592 ); 3 m, 22.v.1997, 1 spec, R 146 mm ( UFBA 496 ) .

Description (R 146 mm). Nine long, flattened and slender arms ( Fig. 11A–C View FIGURE 11 ); R/r 6.1. Abactinal surface covered by paxillae. Disc and central region of arm with small paxillae ( Fig. 11D View FIGURE 11 ). Paxillae covered by 10–15 small, central granules and a fringe of fine peripheral spinelets. Paxillae in disc interradius are larger than others. Arm margins with two rows of rectangular paxillae ( Fig. 11F View FIGURE 11 ). Madreporite irregularly shaped, often hidden by paxillae ( Fig. 11E View FIGURE 11 ). Superomarginal plates paxilliform. Inferomarginal plates elongated and separated by a gap. Marginal region of plates with 1–2 short and pointed spines; below these, a fringe of fine, minute spines. Actinal surface of inferomarginal plates densely covered by flat spines, large in central region and minute in marginal region ( Fig. 11G View FIGURE 11 ). Four adambulacral spines. Two curved spines, innermost spine smallest; two flattened spines of same size, side by side ( Fig. 11H View FIGURE 11 ). Oral plate narrow, armed with a tuft of strong, long, slender spines ( Fig. 11I View FIGURE 11 ). Tube feet in two rows, sucking disc lacking. Pedicellariae absent.

Ontogenetic variation (R 19 mm). R/r 3.8 ( Fig. 12A–B View FIGURE 12 ); 1–3 central granules in paxillae ( Fig. 12C View FIGURE 12 ). Central paxillae spaced out and not tightly packed as in large specimen ( Fig. 12E View FIGURE 12 ). Inferomarginal plate with only one spine ( Fig. 12G View FIGURE 12 ). Three adambulacral spines, the innermost curved.

Coloration. Specimen in vivo has greyish abactinal region, yellow beige marginal and actinal regions; specimens in ethanol are faded but generally maintain the same pattern.

Distribution. U.S.A. (FL), Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, The The Bahamas, the Caribbean, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana ( Nisperuza et al. 2016; Alvarado et al. 2017; Sandino et al. 2017; Rubio-Polania et al. 2018; Borrero-Peìrez et al. 2019; Mah 2020a). BRAZIL: Amapá, Pará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina ( Rathbun 1879; Brito 1960, 1968; Walenkamp 1976; 1979; Clark & Downey 1992; Manso et al. 2008; Gondim et al. 2008; 2014; Magris & Deìstro 2010; Alvarado & Solís-Marín 2013; Alitto et al. 2016; Bueno et al. 2018; Miranda 2018; Torres & Torres 2019; Turra et al. 2019). Depth. 1–64 m ( Clark & Downey 1992).

Biological notes. Specimens from Bahia live in calm waters, on sandy or muddy bottoms ( Manso et al. 2008; present paper), sometimes in regions of low salinity (21 ppt), such as the delta of the Paraguaçu River. Astropecten and Luidia species often live in sympatry, partitioning food resources ( Ventura 1991; Queiroz 2006; Fernandez et al. 2017); however, populations from Ilhéus, Bahia, live in allopatry, with L. senegalensis mainly at around 15 m of depth and A. marginatus mainly at around 35 m ( Pelaes 2008). None of the specimens of Astropecten and Luidia reported in this paper were collected in the same locality. Separation of resources may also occur within populations of L. senegalensis . Turra et al. (2019) noticed that adult individuals seem to migrate to deeper regions, possibly to use different resources. Interestingly, the specimens reported here have a different pattern, in which the smaller specimen was found in a deeper region than that of the large specimen.

Luidia senegalensis is not an abundant species. It has a yearly reproductive cycle in Southeastern Brazil, with spawning happening mainly during the rainy season ( Turra et al. 2019). This species predates mainly on bivalves, but also feed on other invertebrates such as polychaetes and crustaceans (Monteiro & Pardo 1994), and it is preyed upon by other species of sea stars and sea shorebirds (Brites et al. 2008). With regards to behavior, Tagliafico et al. (2017) observed specimens from Cubagua Island, Venezuela, moving with only four arms in contact with the substrate, while the other five arms were held upright. Luidia senegalensis is used for medicinal purposes in Brazil to treat asthma, cough and metrorrhagia ( Costa-Neto & Marques 2000; Alves & Rosa 2007; Alves & Alves 2011). Tangerina et al. (2018) presented a preliminary description of the chemical composition of specimens from São Paulo, but nothing related to pharmaceutical uses so far.

Luidia senegalensis is affected by shrimp fisheries, which collects this species as bycatch ( Tangerina et al. 2018). In addition to this threat, Magris & Giarrizzo (2020) estimated that L. senegalensis is one of the most vulnerable species impacted by the oil spill recorded in the Brazilian coast in 2019. This species is classified as “Vulnerable” (baseline data indicates that the population size has been reduced by at least 30%) by the Ministry of the Environment ( MMA 2018), and its harvesting in Brazil is currently prohibited ( Gurjão & Lotufo 2018).

Syntypes. MNHN 2014-651, 2014-655, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris .

Type locality. Probably West Indies ( Clark & Downey 1992).

Remarks. Walenkamp (1979) identified a specimen of L. senegalensis from Guyana with only six arms; Clark & Downey (1992) suggested this specimen could belong to L. barbadensis , but because of the presence of a dark stripe along the central region of the arm (vs. stripes in arms) and the depth that the specimen was collected (32 m vs. above 73 m in L. barbadensis ), they confirmed Walenkamp’s identification. This specimen should certainly be re-examined since it is the only record of a L. senegalensis with six arms.

R

Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Echinodermata

Class

Asteroidea

Order

Paxillosida

Family

Luidiidae

Genus

Luidia

Loc

Luidia senegalensis (Lamark, 1816)

Cunha, Rosana, Martins, Luciana, Menegola, Carla & Souto, Camilla 2021
2021
Loc

Luidia senegalensis

Magris, R. & Giarrizzo, T. 2020: 3
Torres, V. S. & Torres, F. S. S. 2019: 413
Bueno, M. L. & Alitto, R. A. S. & Guilherme P. D. B. & Domenico, M. D. & Borges, M. 2018: 180
Gurjao, L. M. & Lotufo, T. M. C. 2018: 11
Miranda, A. P. S. 2018: 14
Rubio-Polania, J. C. & Torruco-Gomez, D. & Gonzalez-Solis, A. & Ordaz, J. & Caamal-Jimenez, Y. 2018: 190
Nisperuza, P. C. & Padilla, C. J. & Quiros, R. J. 2016: 115
Alitto, R. A. S. & Bueno, M. L. & Domenico, M. & Borges, M. 2016: 10
Gondim, A. & Christoffersen, M. & Dias, T. 2014: 14
Benavides-Serrato, M. & Borrero-Perez, G. & Diaz-Sanchez, C. 2011: 107
Xavier, L. A. R. 2010: 75
Lima, E. J. B. & Fernandes, M. L. B. 2009: 58
Manso, C. L. C. & Alves, O. F. S. & Martins, L. R. 2008: 185
Magalhaes, W. F. & Martins, L. R. & Alves, O. F. S. 2005: 63
Fernandes, M. L. B. & Tommasi, L. R. & Lima, E. J. B. 2002: 422
Hendler, G. & Muller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. 1995: 69
Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. 1992: 21
Nunes, T. B. 1975: 183
Lima-Verde, J. S. 1969: 10
Brito, I. M. 1968: 10
Nomura, H. & Fausto Filho, J. 1966: 19
Tommasi, L. R. 1958: 9
1958
Loc

Asterias senegalensis

Lamarck, J. B. 1816: 567
1816
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