Othilia brasiliensis ( Müller & Troschel, 1842 )

Cunha, Rosana, Martins, Luciana, Menegola, Carla & Souto, Camilla, 2021, Taxonomy of the sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Bahia State, including ontogenetic variation and an illustrated key to the Brazilian species, Zootaxa 4955 (1), pp. 1-78 : 27-28

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4955.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E800A72A-C56A-492C-9EE6-FA4F8277DE31

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4701444

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF6987EE-FFB7-FFCF-FF54-42D17F66F860

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Othilia brasiliensis ( Müller & Troschel, 1842 )
status

 

Othilia brasiliensis ( Müller & Troschel, 1842) View in CoL

Figures 13–14 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14

Echinaster brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842: 22 View in CoL , pl. 1, fig. 2.

Echinaster brasiliensis View in CoL — Nunes 1975: 183; Tommasi & Aron 1987: 3; Tommasi et al. 1988: 6; Fernandes et al. 2002: 422; Netto 2006: 30–32, pl. 5a; Alves et al. 2012: 758; Miranda et al. 2012: 144.

Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis View in CoL — Clark & Downey 1992: 363–367, fig. 57a, pl. 87A–F; Hopkins et al. 2003: 98–100, figs. 2–6; Brites et al. 2008: 182–183; Lima & Fernandes 2009: 59; Xavier 2010: 75; Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011: 192; Gondim et al. 2014: 37 View Cited Treatment , fig. 11a–e; Alitto et al. 2016: 10, figs. 7g –h; Bumbeer et al. 2016: 8, fig. 4A; Lopes & Ventura 2016; Lopes et al. 2016; Sandino et al. 2017: S294; Bueno et al. 2018: 182, fig. 13; Gurjão & Lotufo 2018: 10; Miranda 2018: 14, fig. 10E; Borrero-Peìrez et al. 2019: 5; Torres & Torres 2019: 412.

Echinaster braziliensis — Patrizzi & Dobrovolski 2018: 182.

Echinaster guyanensis View in CoL — Martins et al. 2012, table 1.

Material examined (56 specs, 17–65 mm R). BRAZIL. Bahia (12°41’– 13°00’S; 38°29’– 38°53’W)— Salvador: Ribeira beach, intertidal, 1.iii.2006, 36 specs, R GoogleMaps 17–29 mm ( UFBA 131 , 173 ). Itaparica Island: Medo Island , intertidal, 7.ix.1991, 1 spec, R 29–30 mm ( UFBA 31 , 37 ). Cachoeira: Santiago do Iguape , 15 m, 2.x.2012, 1 spec, R 65 mm ( UFBA 1710 ). Madre de Deus : intertidal, 8.iv.2008, 1 spec, R 56 mm ( UFBA 625 ). Itaparica Island: Medo Island , intertidal, 7.ix.1991, 4 specs, R 36–51 mm ( UFBA 31 , 37 ); Ponta de Areia beach, 4.vi.2000, 2 specs, R 37–48 mm ( UFBA 473 ). Vera Cruz: Duro beach, 1 m, 20.ix.2009, 2 specs, R 41–42 mm ( UFBA 961 ). Salvador: Plataforma beach, intertidal, 29.vii.2007, 7 specs, R 39–60 mm ( UFBA 586 ); Ribeira beach, intertidal, 15.v.1991, 2 specs, R 31–39 mm ( UFBA 38 ); intertidal, 1.iii.2006, 34 specs, R 36–59 mm ( UFBA 131 , 173–175 ); Barra beach, intertidal, 6.vii.2004, 1 spec, R 33 mm ( UFBA 33 ) .

Comparative material. BRAZIL, 2 specs, R 54–55 mm ( ZMB 550–551 View Materials , syntypes) .

Description (R 31–65 mm). Disc small, average R/r 4.4 ( Fig. 13A–C View FIGURE 13 ). Five slender arms, tapering distally, with 9–11 rows of long and sharp spines (ca. 1.0– 1.5 mm) without mammiform base. Small secondary plates between abactinal plates; skin not very thick but obscuring plating. Abactinal region covered by many papulae and glandular cells. Five primary plates on disc, each with a spine forming a pentagon; one central spine ( Fig. 13D View FIGURE 13 ). Anus near central spine, surrounded by 3–6 spinelets. Madreporite flat, without spinelets. Superomarginal spines same size as abactinal ones. Inferomarginal plates with one spine each, forming a row; inferomarginal spines larger than others (ca. 1.7 mm). Abactinal and marginal spines sharp, straight or slightly curved, tapering. Actinal plates absent. Terminal plate small, curved, with 6–7 small spines. Actinal region with several closed pores (one row plus scattered pores) ( Fig. 13E View FIGURE 13 ). One curved adambulacral spine. Two subambulacral spines forming a V along the furrow ( Fig. 13F View FIGURE 13 ), proximal region sometimes with third spine; spines are usually equal, but outer spine may be larger than inner. Interradial region naked, sometimes with a central spine. Oral spines completely covering mouth opening. Tube feet in two rows, sucking disc present. Pedicellariae absent.

Ontogenetic variation (R 17–30 mm). Average R/r 3.9 ( Fig. 14A–C View FIGURE 14 ). Spines proportionally larger and fewer (7 rows) than in large specimen; 4–5 small spines on the terminal plate ( Fig. 14D View FIGURE 14 ). Two unequal subambulacral spines, outer spine larger than inner ( Fig. 14E View FIGURE 14 ).

Coloration. Specimens in vivo are light to scarlet red. Specimens in ethanol are brown, dark brown or beige.

Distribution. Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Guyana, French Guiana, Uruguay, Argentina, Malvinas Islands ( Sandino et al. 2017; Borrero-Peìrez et al. 2019; Mah 2020a). BRAZIL: Pará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul ( Rathbun 1879; Verrill 1915; Bernasconi 1956; Brito 1968; Tommasi 1970; Carrera-Rodriguez & Tommasi 1977; Ávila-Pires 1983; Clark & Downey 1992; Hopkins et al. 2003; Miranda et al. 2012; Alvarado & Solís-Marín 2013; Gondim et al. 2014; Alitto et al. 2016; Bumbeer et al. 2016; Bueno et al. 2018; Miranda 2018; Torres & Torres 2019; Mah 2020a). Depth. Intertidal to 60 m ( Clark & Downey 1992; present paper).

Biological notes. Specimens from Bahia are found in sandy and muddy substrate, commonly on top of rocks. Some populations live in regions of low salinity, such as the delta of the Paraguaçu River. Othilia brasiliensis usually feeds on sponges of the genera Mycale Gray, 1867 , Haliclona Grant, 1841 and Tedania Gray, 1867 (Guerrazi et al. 1999), but they also feed on sea anemones, brine shrimp, true shrimp ( Queiroz 2012; Alcantara & Costa 2019). Lopes & Ventura (2016) described the early developmental stages of O. brasiliensis [as Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis ], which is similar to the development of other Echinasteridae species.

Othilia brasiliensis is classified as “Least Concern” by the Ministry of the Environment ( MMA 2018) and its harvesting in Brazil is currently prohibited ( Gurjão & Lotufo 2018).

Syntypes. ZMB 550–552 View Materials .

Type locality. Müller & Troschel (1842) were not specific with regards to the type locality of this species and the locality in the specimen label is Brazil. Walenkamp (1979) cited Ubatuba as the type locality but no justification for this assignment was provided.

Remarks. Walenkamp (1976) and Gondim et al. (2014) looked for intraspecific variability in specimens from varied size ranges (R 7–41 mm) but ontogenetic variation was not observed (note that Walenkamp’s specimens were O. guyanensis according to A.M. Clark [1987]).

Clark & Downey (1992) reported the presence of spinelets in the madreporite of O. brasiliensis , these were not found in the specimens described here. They also mention the presence of 4–5 ambulacral spines; the specimens described here and those by Hopkins et al. (2003) have 3–4 spines. Seixas et al. (2019) described the mitochondrial genome of this species; its 16,219 base pairs are AT-rich.

R

Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Echinodermata

Class

Asteroidea

Order

Spinulosida

Family

Echinasteridae

Genus

Othilia

Loc

Othilia brasiliensis ( Müller & Troschel, 1842 )

Cunha, Rosana, Martins, Luciana, Menegola, Carla & Souto, Camilla 2021
2021
Loc

Echinaster braziliensis

Patrizzi, N. & Dobrovolski, R. 2018: 182
2018
Loc

Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis

Torres, V. S. & Torres, F. S. S. 2019: 412
Bueno, M. L. & Alitto, R. A. S. & Guilherme P. D. B. & Domenico, M. D. & Borges, M. 2018: 182
Gurjao, L. M. & Lotufo, T. M. C. 2018: 10
Miranda, A. P. S. 2018: 14
Alitto, R. A. S. & Bueno, M. L. & Domenico, M. & Borges, M. 2016: 10
Bumbeer, J. & Cattani, A. P. & Chierigatti, N. B. & Rocha, R. M. 2016: 8
Gondim, A. & Christoffersen, M. & Dias, T. 2014: 37
Benavides-Serrato, M. & Borrero-Perez, G. & Diaz-Sanchez, C. 2011: 192
Xavier, L. A. R. 2010: 75
Lima, E. J. B. & Fernandes, M. L. B. 2009: 59
Hopkins, T. S. & Fontanella, F. M. & Ventura, C. R. R. 2003: 98
Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. 1992: 363
1992
Loc

Echinaster brasiliensis

Alves, R. R. N. & Rosa, I. L. & Neto, N. L. & Voeks, R. 2012: 758
Miranda, A. L. S. & Lima, M. L. F. & Sovierzoski, H. H. & Correia, M. D. 2012: 144
Netto, L. F. 2006: 30
Fernandes, M. L. B. & Tommasi, L. R. & Lima, E. J. B. 2002: 422
Nunes, T. B. 1975: 183
1975
Loc

Echinaster brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842: 22

Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H. 1842: 22
1842
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