Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840

Cunha, Rosana, Martins, Luciana, Menegola, Carla & Souto, Camilla, 2021, Taxonomy of the sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Bahia State, including ontogenetic variation and an illustrated key to the Brazilian species, Zootaxa 4955 (1), pp. 1-78 : 15-18

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4955.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E800A72A-C56A-492C-9EE6-FA4F8277DE31

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4701406

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF6987EE-FFA3-FFC5-FF54-43937EC4FD38

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840
status

 

Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840 View in CoL View at ENA

Figures 6–7 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7

Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840: 181 View in CoL .

Astropecten marginatus View in CoL — Brito 1962: 3; 1968: 7, pl. 4, fig. 1; Nomura & Fausto Filho 1966: 19; Lima-Verde 1969: 11; Carrera- Rodriguez & Tommasi 1977: 88–89; Tommasi et al. 1988: 5; Clark & Downey 1992: 41–42, fig. 10e, pl. 11A–B; Gondim et al. 2008: 155; Ventura et al. 2008: 177–178; Lima & Fernandes 2009: 58; Magris & Deìstro 2010: 59; Xavier 2010: 75; Gondim et al. 2014: 22–24 View Cited Treatment , figs. 6a–e, 12b; Guilherme & Rosa 2014; Fernandez et al. 2017; Bueno et al. 2018: 177, fig. 6; Gurjão & Lotufo 2018: 10; Miranda 2018: 14; Patrizzi & Dobrovolski 2018: 182; Torres & Torres 2019: 412; Turra et al. 2019.

Astropecten richardi View in CoL — Perrier 1875: 372.

Material examined (21 specs, 10–50 mm R). BRAZIL. Bahia, Santa Cruz de Cabrália (16°14’– 16°15’S; 38°00’– 38°58’W)— 7 m, 16.xi.2010, 5 specs, R GoogleMaps 11–25 mm ( MZUSP 2100 View Materials ); 6 m, 16.xi.2010, 6 specs, R 10–28 mm ( MZUSP 2101 View Materials ); 7 m, 16.xi.2010, 5 specs, R 30–50 mm ( MZUSP 2100 View Materials ); 6 m, 16.xi.2010, 5 specs, R 30–40 mm ( MZUSP 2101 View Materials ) .

Description (R 30–50 mm). Disc broad and flattened, arms short and flattened ( Fig. 6A–C View FIGURE 6 ); R/r 3.3; 39 SM plates (R 50 mm); R/SM# 1.3. Abactinal region covered by paxillae as follows: proximal region of arms and disc with 10–12 central and 15 peripheral spinelets ( Fig. 6D View FIGURE 6 ), midline region of arms with 5–8 central and nine peripheral spinelets, and distal region of arms with 1–3 central and seven peripheral spinelets. Madreporite large, not hidden by paxillae ( Fig. 6E View FIGURE 6 ). Marginal plates horizontal and elongated. Superomarginal plates without spines and covered by granules: central granules robust, peripheral granules elongated, hyaline and thin. Inferomarginal plates projected beyond superomarginal plates. Fringe with two layers of spines, parallel, top layer with two spines of equal size, and a third proximal 3x smaller and thinner ( Fig. 6G View FIGURE 6 ); bottom layer with 4–5 small spines, proximal spine smaller and thinner ( Fig. 6I View FIGURE 6 ). Actinal region of inferomarginal plates lacking squamules; central region naked, sometimes with long spines similar to lateral fringe spines ( Fig. 6J View FIGURE 6 ). Three adambulacral spines forming single line, central spine longer than adjacent ones ( Fig. 6K View FIGURE 6 ). One large subambulacral spine in center of plate, largest spine in adambulacral plate, surrounded by acicular spinelets; spinelets between large spine and furrow spines. Oral spines flattened with blunt tip ( Fig. 6F View FIGURE 6 ). Pedicellariae absent.

Ontogenetic variation (R 10–28 mm). Average R/r 3.0; 22 SM plates (R 20 mm); R/SM# 1.1. Proximal paxillae with 3–5 central and 8–10 peripheral spinelets ( Fig. 7C View FIGURE 7 ), distal paxillae with 0–1 central and 4–5 peripheral spinelets. Inferomarginal fringe with two layers as in larger specimen, but proximal spine in top layer 5x smaller than adjacent spines, and bottom layer with 3–4 small spines, proximal spine smallest ( Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 ). Three adambulacral spines forming single line, central spine largest in adambulacral plate ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ). Second subambulacral row as in larger specimen, with central spine largest than adjacent spines, but not largest in adambulacral plate; third row with 2–4 sub-equal spines.

Coloration. Abactinal surface greyish in center of disc and arms, margins orangish to creamy; inferomarginal spines fade from a bluish-grey base to creamy tips. Specimens in ethanol are pale brown.

Distribution. Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guyana ( Walenkamp 1976; Clark & Downey 1992; Alvarado et al. 2008; Benavides- Serrato et al. 2005, 2011; Pawson et al. 2009, Alvarado & Solís-Marín 2013). BRAZIL: Amapá, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul ( Bernasconi 1955; Tommasi 1958; Brito 1962; Lima-Verde 1969; Netto 2006; Gondim et al. 2008; Pelaes 2008; Lima & Fernandes 2009; Xavier 2010; Gondim et al. 2014; Bueno et al. 2018; Miranda 2018; Torres & Torres 2019; Turra et al. 2019). Depth. 1–130 m ( Clark & Downey 1992).

Biological notes. This species lives in muddy, sandy and rubble bottoms ( Alvarado & Solís-Marín 2013) and most likely feeds during the day, preferably on gastropods, bivalves and crustaceans ( Bitter 1984; Zoldan 2005; Guilherme & Rosa 2014; Fernandez et al. 2017). In Caraguatatuba Bay, São Paulo, A. marginatus lives in sympatry with L. senegalensis , where they partition food resources ( Fernandez et al. 2017). The reproductive cycle of A. marginatus in this region is annual and spawning happens mainly during the rainy season ( Turra et al. 2019). Netto (2006) found many specimens gathered in shallow pools at night with 2–5 arms facing upwards, possibly engaged in gas exchange as the exposure of the tube feet into the water column should increase its breathing surface ( Farmanfarmaian 1966).

Astropecten marginatus is classified as “Vulnerable” (baseline data indicate a reduction in population by at least 30% over the next 100 years) by the Ministry of the Environment ( MMA 2018). According to Gurjão & Lotufo (2018), its harvesting in Brazil is currently prohibited.

Holotype. Gray (1840, p. 178) mentioned that the specimens he described were deposited in the collections of the Zoological Society of London (especially South American specimens collected by Mr. Hugh Cuming) and of the British Museum, where he worked. However, Andrew Cabrinovic told us that the type has not been found at the NHM-UK (pers. comm. on 20 Feb 20).

Type locality. Not reported by Gray (1840).

R

Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Echinodermata

Class

Asteroidea

Order

Paxillosida

Family

Astropectinidae

Genus

Astropecten

Loc

Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840

Cunha, Rosana, Martins, Luciana, Menegola, Carla & Souto, Camilla 2021
2021
Loc

Astropecten marginatus

Torres, V. S. & Torres, F. S. S. 2019: 412
Bueno, M. L. & Alitto, R. A. S. & Guilherme P. D. B. & Domenico, M. D. & Borges, M. 2018: 177
Gurjao, L. M. & Lotufo, T. M. C. 2018: 10
Miranda, A. P. S. 2018: 14
Patrizzi, N. & Dobrovolski, R. 2018: 182
Gondim, A. & Christoffersen, M. & Dias, T. 2014: 22
Xavier, L. A. R. 2010: 75
Lima, E. J. B. & Fernandes, M. L. B. 2009: 58
Gondim, A. & Lacouth, P. & Alonso, C. & Manso, C. 2008: 155
Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. 1992: 41
Lima-Verde, J. S. 1969: 11
Brito, I. M. 1968: 7
Nomura, H. & Fausto Filho, J. 1966: 19
Brito, I. M. 1962: 3
1962
Loc

Astropecten richardi

Perrier, E. 1875: 372
1875
Loc

Astropecten marginatus

Gray, J. E. 1840: 181
1840
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