Jupunba Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 24. 1928.

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Jupunba Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 24. 1928.

Figs 247 , 251

Klugiodendron Britton & Killip, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 35(3): 125. 1936. Type: Klugiodendron laetum (Benth.) Britton & Killip [≡ Pithecellobium laetum Benth. (≡ Jupunba laeta (Benth.) M.V.B. Soares, M.P. Morim & Iganci)]

Type.

Jupunba jupunba (Willd.) Britton & Rose [≡ Acacia jupunba Willd. (= Jupunba trapezifolia (Vahl) Moldenke)]

Description.

Trees, treelets and shrubs, unarmed. Stipules commonly small, narrow, lanceolate, linear, elliptic, caducous. Leaves bipinnate, petiolar nectaries sessile or stipitate (rarely) between the pairs of pinnae, or close below the proximal pair of pinna-pulvinules, campanulate to cupular, patelliform, or verruciform; pinnae 12-16 (19) pairs; leaflets 1-40 pairs, alternate, variable in size and shape. Inflorescences congested or lax racemes, rarely capitate or spiciform racemes. Flowers homomorphic or heteromorphic, pedicellate or sessile; calyx gamosepalous, 5-merous; corolla gamopetalous, 5-merous; stamens numerous, filaments fused into a tube, stemonozone present, anthers rimose; pollen in acalymmate large polyads containing 16 pollen grains, circular or elliptic, suboblate, sexine rugulate, as thick as nexine; ovary glabrous or pubescent. Fruit a legume, the valves chartaceous, curved to spiral, generally with a red endocarp, epicarp glabrous. Seeds obovate, orbicular, or oblong, translucent, pleurogram generally present, rarely absent.

Chromosome number.

2 n = 26, 30 ( Santos et al. 2012).

Included species and geographic distribution.

Thirty-seven species in South America, from Brazil to Colombia, in Central America and the West Indies (Fig. 251 ).

Ecology.

Riparian habitats, inundated and non-inundated wet tropical forests especially on the Amazon basin.

Etymology.

Sieber collected the type specimen of Acacia jupunba and recorded the name ‘jupunba’ on the sheet, probably in reference to a vernacular name.

Human uses.

Animal feed, firewood, folk medicine, soap making ( Fern 2023).

Notes.

Jupunba is the largest genus in the Jupunba clade, and is mostly composed of species previously described under Pithecellobium , and later transferred to Abarema . The genus is closely related to Hydrochorea but is distinguished by its fruits with reddish endocarp and seeds bicoloured with translucent testa, even though those are apparently plesiomorphic characters ( Peraza et al. 2022). Jupunba is still being studied to better understand its relationship with Hydrochorea , since J. macradenia (Pittier) M.V.B. Soares, M.P. Morim & Iganci was resolved as sister to Hydrochorea in Ringelberg et al. (2022) (Fig. 246 ), whereas Soares et al. (2021) recovered the same species and accession (Lourteig 3021) nested within Jupunba (Soares MVB et al. 2022).

Taxonomic references.

Barneby and Grimes (1996); Britton and Rose (1928); Iganci and Morim (2012); Iganci et al. (2016); Soares et al. (2021); Soares MVB et al. (2022).

Figures

Figure 246. Generic relationships in the Jupunba clade (tribe Mimoseae). For description of phylogeny and support values, see Fig. 6 caption (page 63).

Figure 247. Jupunba clade flowers (A-E) and fruits (F-K) A Hydrochorea corymbosa (Rich.) Barneby & J. W. Grimes B Hydrochorea uaupensis M. P. Morim, Iganci & E. J. M. Koenen C Jupunba langsdorffii (Benth.) M. V. B. Soares, M. P. Morim & Iganci D Pseudalbizzia niopoides (Spruce ex Benth.) E. J. M. Koenen & Duno E Pseudalbizzia polycephala (Benth.) E. J. M. Koenen & Duno F Pseudalbizzia inundata (Mart.) E. J. M. Koenen & Duno G Hydrochorea corymbosa H Hydrochorea uaupensis I, J Hydrochorea pedicellaris (DC.) M. V. B. Soares, Iganci & M. P. Morim K Jupunba campestris (Benth.) M. V. B. Soares, M. P. Morim & Iganci. Photo credits A, G, I-K MVB Soares B, C, H J Iganci D-F RT Queiroz https: // rubens-plantasdobrasil. blogspot. com /.

Figure 251. Distribution of Jupunba based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.