Hapalotremus albipes Simon, 1903

Ferretti, Nelson, Cavallo, Patricio, Chaparro, Juan C., Ríos-Tamayo, Duniesky, Seimon, Tracie A. & West, Rick, 2018, The Neotropical genus Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with the description of seven new species and the highest altitude record for the family, Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (29 - 30), pp. 1927-1984 : 1940-1943

Hapalotremus albipes Simon, 1903

( Figures 1a , 7–9 , 36 )

Hapalotremus albipes: Simon, 1903: 930 , fig. 1083. Gerschman De Pikelín and Schiapelli 1973: 72, figs 63–67. Schmidt 1986: 41, fig. 12. Schmidt 1993: 10, figs 1–6. Schmidt, 1993: 66, figs 101–103. Pérez-Miles et al. 1996: 52, fig. 23. Schmidt, 1997: 16, figs 76–79. Vol 1999: 11, fig. K. Schmidt 2003: 127, figs 111–114. Cavallo and Ferretti 2015: 878, fig. 3c.

Type material

Male holotype ( MNHN) from Bolivia, Chaco . Male holotype not examined, only photos provided by F. Vol.

Additional material examined

Three females ( SMF 37093) from Bolivia, P . Klass col, only illustrations provided by F. Pérez- Miles; one female ( MHNC –B) from Bolivia, La Paz, Murillo, Pongo, 3 km from Unduavi , 3600 m a . s .l., 7 July 1991, E . Peñaranda col .; two females ( MHNC –B) from Bolivia, La Paz, Sud Yungas

Province, Unduavi , 3660 m a .s .l., 1 November 1990, E . Peñaranda col .; six females and 10 immatures ( AMNH) from Bolivia, Oruro, from a point between Coscapa to La Paz, 3200 m a .s .l., 24 October 1984, L . E . Peña col .; one male ( AMNH) from Bolivia, La Paz, Pacajes, Botijlaca (- 16.1919 S, - 68.1403 W), 3600 m a .s .l., 2 October 1984, L . E . Peña col.

Etymology

A compound word whose first element is the Latin adjective albus meaning white, and the second element is the genitive Latin noun pes meaning foot, that refers to the distinctive white-legged coloration ( Simon 1903).

Amended diagnosis

The following character combination, modified from Schmidt (1993), is diagnostic for H. albipes . Carapace and legs entirely covered dorsally with white setae, except femora of legs and palps, which are dark grey ( Figures 1a , 7a , 9a ), abdomen dark with rounded dorsal median patch of reddish-orange urticating setae, and two or three white spots dorsally (more noticeably on females), the bigger spot is arrow-shaped, and with three or four white lines posterior laterally in each side of abdomen, reaching the urticating patch ( Figures 1a , 9c, d ). Labium wider than long bearing a reduced number of cuspules (6–13) ( Figures 7e , 9b, f ). Absence of spiniform setae on pro- and retrolateral coxal faces of legs I–IV. Metatarsi IV with no scopulae ( Figure 9h ). Male tibia I very short, more than 20% shorter than metatarsus I ( Figure 7g ). Male palpal tibia with retrolateral rounded process developed ( Figure 7h, i ). Palpal bulb base with a basal digitiform apophysis well-developed ( Figure 8a–d ); embolus thick and very curved to the retrolateral face and prolateral keels slightly developed; PI bearing a ventral medial crest pointed at distal end and located half way forward of embolus ( Figure 8a, b ). Female spermathecae consist of one receptacle with basal portion slightly wider than apical, apical lateral projections slightly developed and apical median region depressed ( Figure 9j ). Urticating setae: type III present on male and female and arranged in a dorsal median patch on the abdomen ( Figures 7c , 9c ).

Variation (from additional material examined)

Total length, females (n = 3): 26.7–29.8 (mean = 28.3 ± 1.5SD); carapace length, females: 12.4–13.8 (13.1 ± 0.7); length of palp and legs, females: palp 17.8–20.4 (18.9 ± 1.3), I 25.4– 31.5 (27.9 ± 3.1), II 24.2–28.3 (26 ± 2.07), III 23.6–25.5 (24.8 ± 1.04), IV 31.4–33.4 (32 ± 1.15). Labial cuspules, females 10–13, maxillary cuspules, right 91–120, left 96–118.

Distribution and habitat

The holotype male described by Simon (1903) gives no indication other than ‘Chaco’ for the type locality and this involves a large region in Bolivia. In the same way, Schmidt (1993) described the female of H. albipes for the first time but did not provide a locality for those specimens, only ‘Bolivia’. A specimen of H. albipes is shown in Figure 1a and was located in La Paz ( Bolivia) at about 4252 m a.s.l., near the type locality. Here, we provide records of this species for Unduavi, Coscapa and Botijlaca (among 3200 and 3600 m a.s.l.), Bolivia ( Figure 36 ). These sites are located east of Cordillera Real on the edge of the Yungas region, which constitutes a transition between the highlands of the Andes and the tropical lowlands of the Amazon rainforests. The annual average temperature of this area is 17.4°C with monthly average values ranging from 15°C in June and 19°C in December. The average annual precipitation is 725 mm, with a dry season from May to August and a wet season from December to February (www.censosbolivia.ine.gob.bo).

Figures

Figure 1. (a–f) Hapalotremus spp. habitus. (a) Hapalotremus albipes, female. (b) Hapalotremus major, female. (c, d) Hapalotremus martinorum. (c) Male. (d) Female. (e) Hapalotremus chasqui sp. nov., juvenile. (f) Hapalotremus marcapata sp. nov., female. Photos: a: Mauricio Pacheco Suarez; b: Juan Chaparro; c, d: Patricio Cavallo; e: Laura Montes de Oca; f: Josh Richards.

Figure 7. (a–i) Hapalotremus albipes, male from Botijlaca, Bolivia (AMNH). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Abdomen, ventral view. (e) Labium and maxillae, ventral view. (f) Tibial apophysis, ventral view. (g) Leg I, lateral view. (h) Palpal tibia, ventral view. (i) Palpal tibia, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate the rounded process. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti.

Figure 8. (a–d) Hapalotremus albipes, male from Botijlaca, Bolivia (AMNH). Male left palpal bulb. (a) Prolateral view. (b) Retrolateral view. (c) Dorsal view. (d) Ventral view. A, apical keel; DA, digitiform apophysis; PI, prolateral inferior keel; PS, prolateral superior keel. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti.

Figure 9. (a–j) Hapalotremus albipes, female from La Paz, Bolivia (MHNC–B). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Abdomen, ventral view. (e) Abdomen, lateral view. (f) Labium and maxillae, ventral view. (g) Eyes, dorsal view. (h) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (i) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (j) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars: a–e: 5 mm; f–j: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti.

Figure 36. Distribution map of Hapalotremus species from Argentina and Bolivia.