Knodus breviceps, Eigenmann

Mirande, Juan Marcos, 2010, Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy, Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (3), pp. 385-568 : 536

Autapomorphies of Knodus breviceps :

1. Anterior convergence of ventral diverging lamellae with nasal septum of mesethmoid (31): (1> 0) absent, or confluent near anterior end of nasal septum. Paralleled in Aulixidens eugeniae and Coptobrycon bilineatus .

Some trees:

2. Contact between frontals anteriorly to frontal fontanel (21): (0> 1) present. (k9-11). Reversal of synapomorphy 4 of node 206. Paralleled in Bario steindachneri , Exodon paradoxus , Galeocharax humeralis , Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis , and Odontostoechus lethostigmus .

3. Position of ventral margin of posttemporal (252): (1> 0) anterior to lateral margin of epioccipital. (k12-14). Paralleled in nodes 162, 285, and 301 and in Aulixidens eugeniae , Creagrutus anary , Diapoma speculiferum , Moenkhausia cf. intermedia , and Pyrrhulina australis . Some trees: Paralleled in node 247.

4. Scales covering caudal-fin lobes (328): (0> 1) covering onethird of their length. (k9-11). Paralleled in node 222 and in Aulixidens eugeniae , Distichodus maculatus , Markiana nigripinnis , and Nematocharax venustus .