Nematobrycon palmeri, Eigenmann, 1911

Mirande, Juan Marcos, 2010, Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy, Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (3), pp. 385-568 : 521

Autapomorphies of Nematobrycon palmeri :

1. Dorsal margin of lateral ethmoids (16): (1> 0) aligned. Reversal of synapomorphy 1 of node 198. Paralleled in the Aphyoditeinae .

2. Anterior paired projections of parasphenoid (40): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in Bryconexodon juruenae .

3. Fourth infraorbital (66): (0> 1) absent or much reduced and bordered posteriorly by third and fifth infraorbitals. Paralleled in the Aphyocharacinae and Gasteropelecidae , in node 186, and in Aphyodite grammica , Hasemania nana , Hemigrammus erythrozonus , Hoplocharax goethei , and Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis .

4. Extent of implantation of teeth along maxilla (137): (0> 1) extending across almost entire maxillary lamella. Reversal of synapomorphy 1 of node 202. Paralleled in node 208 and in Grundulus cochae , Hemibrycon surinamensis , and Prodontocharax melanotus .

5. Number of branched anal-fin rays (288): (0> 1) 25 or more. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of node 200. Paralleled in nodes 208, 255, and 263 and in Bryconamericus scleroparius .