Aphyocharax nattereri (Steindachner, 1882)

Mirande, Juan Marcos, 2010, Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy, Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (3), pp. 385-568 : 525

Autapomorphies of Aphyocharax nattereri :

1. Contact between frontals anteriorly to frontal fontanel (21): (1> 0) absent. Paralleled in Aphyodite grammica and Axelrodia lindeae .

2. Rhinosphenoid (47): (1> 0) absent. Reversal of synapomorphy 2 of the Characidae . Paralleled in nodes 207, 260, 280, and 298 and in Attonitus ephimeros , Bryconamericus scleroparius , Brycon orbignyanus , Hollandichthys multifasciatus , Pseudocorynopoma doriae , and Salminus brasiliensis .

3. Length of laterosensory canal of dentary (79): (0> 1) reduced or absent. Paralleled in node 279 and in Bryconamericus rubropictus , Hyphessobrycon elachys , H. luetkenii , Nantis cf. indefessus , and Thayeria boehlkei.

4. Canal of lateral line on caudal-fin membrane (92): (1> 0) absent. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of the Characidae . Paralleled in the Aphyoditeinae and Bryconops clade, in nodes 227, 229, 244, 287, 294, and 298, and in Bryconamericus rubropictus , B. thomasi , Charax stenopterus , Hyphessobrycon anisitsi , Inpaichthys kerri , and Phenacogaster tegatus .

5. Relative length of palatine (172): (1> 0) approximately onehalf length of ectopterygoid, or less. Reversal of synapomorphy 4 of node 197. Paralleled in node 255 and in Acrobrycon tarijae , Gymnocharacinus bergii , Parecbasis cyclolepis , and Piabina argentea .

6. Gill-derived gland on males (352): (1> 0) absent. Reversal of synapomorphy 6 of node 196. Paralleled in nodes 236 and 251.