Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan, 1908)

Mirande, Juan Marcos, 2010, Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy, Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (3), pp. 385-568 : 520

Autapomorphies of Bryconamericus scleroparius :

1. Rhinosphenoid (47): (1> 0) absent. Reversal of synapomorphy 2 of the Characidae . Paralleled in nodes 207, 260, 280, and 298 and in Aphyocharax nattereri , Attonitus ephimeros , Brycon orbignyanus , Hollandichthys multifasciatus , Pseudocorynopoma doriae , and Salminus brasiliensis .

2. Branching of laterosensory canals of fourth or fifth infraorbitals (74): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in the Bryconops clade, in nodes 167, 177, 218, 260, and 276, and in Chalceus macrolepidotus and Piaractus mesopotamicus .

3. Foramen in posterior region of metapterygoid (168): (1> 2) in form of incomplete arch, bordered posteriorly by hyomandibula. Reversal of synapomorphy 10 of node 205. Paralleled in Pseudocorynopoma doriae .

4. Position of ventral end of posttemporal (253): (0> 1) posterior to lateral margin of epioccipital. Paralleled in nodes 211 and 228 and in Hoplias cf. malabaricus , Markiana nigripinnis , Probolodus heterostomus , and Prochilodus lineatus .

5. Number of branched anal-fin rays (288): (0> 1) 25 or more. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of node 200. Paralleled in nodes 208, 255, and 263 and in Nematobrycon palmeri .

6. Uroneurals (306): (0> 1) two pairs. Reversal of synapomorphy 15 of node 205. Paralleled in the Tetragonopterinae , in nodes 276 and 300, and in Galeocharax humeralis and Markiana nigripinnis .