Nematocharax venustus, Weitzman, Menezes & Britski

Mirande, Juan Marcos, 2010, Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy, Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (3), pp. 385-568 : 499

Autapomorphies of Nematocharax venustus :

1. Cusps of teeth on outer premaxillary row (125): (0> 1) five or more cusps. Paralleled in nodes 265 and 294 and in Brycon orbignyanus , Bryconops melanurus , Gymnocharacinus bergii , and Micralestes stormsi . Some trees: Paralleled in Bryconamericus agna .

2. Posterior extent of ventral process of quadrate (151): (0> 1) falling short of posterior margin of symplectic. Paralleled in the Hyphessobrycon luetkenii clade and Iguanodectinae , in nodes 284, 289, and 298, and in Astyanax mexicanus , A. cf. rutilus , Aulixidens eugeniae , Cyphocharax spilotus , Diapoma speculiferum , Hemiodus cf. thayeria , Metynnis maculatus , Micralestes stormsi , Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae , Probolodus heterostomus , Psellogrammus kennedyi , and Pseudocorynopoma doriae . Some trees: Paralleled in node 302.

3. Bony lamella dorsal to fourth basibranchial (185): (0> 1) absent. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of node 203. Paralleled in node 296 and in Axelrodia lindeae , Gymnocharacinus bergii , Hollandichthys multifasciatus , Mimagoniates rheocharis , Paracheirodon axelrodi , and Prodontocharax melanotus .

4. Position of ventral end of posttemporal (253): (1> 0) anterior or lateral to lateral margin of epioccipital. Reversal of synapomorphy 2 of node 228.

5. Number of supraneurals (280): (1> 0) four or fewer. Paralleled in nodes 211, 223, and 262, and in Bramocharax bransfordii , Bryconaethiops macrops , and Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus . Some trees: Paralleled in the Aphyoditeinae .

6. Bony lamellae associated with supraneurals (282): (1> 0) absent or small. Paralleled in nodes 197, 272, and 299 and in Acestrocephalus sardina .

7. Dorsal-fin bony hooks in adult males of species bearing hooks on fins (311): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in nodes 248 and 268 and in Astyanax cf. asuncionensis , A. lineatus , Bario steindachneri , Bryconamericus rubropictus , Hyphessobrycon luetkenii , H. socolofi , and Probolodus heterostomus .

8. Scales covering caudal-fin lobes (328): (0> 1) covering one-third of their length. Paralleled in node 222 and in Aulixidens eugeniae , Distichodus maculatus , and Markiana nigripinnis . Some trees: Paralleled in Knodus breviceps .