Hoplocharax goethei, Gery, 1966

Mirande, Juan Marcos, 2010, Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy, Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (3), pp. 385-568 : 489

Autapomorphies of Hoplocharax goethei :

1. Fourth infraorbital (66): (0> 1) absent or much reduced and bordered posteriorly by third and fifth infraorbitals. Paralleled in the Aphyocharacinae and Gasteropelecidae , in node 186, and in Aphyodite grammica , Hasemania nana , Hemigrammus erythrozonus , Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis , and Nematobrycon palmeri .

2. Lateral coverage of dilator fossa by sixth infraorbital (69): (0> 1) leaving a conspicuous naked area in anterior region of dilator fossa. Paralleled in the Iguanodetinae, in node 197, and in Charax stenopterus , Phenacogaster tegatus , and Psellogrammus kennedyi .

3. Lateral line (91): (0> 1) interrupted. Paralleled in nodes 227, 229, 279, 288, and 294 and in Characidium rachovii , Hyphessobrycon anisitsi , Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae , Phenacogaster tegatus , and Pyrrhulina australis .

4. Bony lamellae between second and third basibranchials (184): (1> 0) absent. Paralleled in the Serrasalmidae and in Attonitus ephimeros , Axelrodia lindeae , Hollandichthys multifasciatus , Jupiaba scologaster , Piabucus melanostomus , Pyrrhulina australis , Rhaphiodon vulpinus , and Xenagoniates bondi .

5. Rows of gill rakers on first ceratobranchial (192): (0> 1) two. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of node 179. Paralleled in the Iguanodectinae , in node 280, and in Brycon orbignyanus , Bryconaethiops macrops , Carlana eigenmanni , Cheirodon interruptus , Hyphessobrycon elachys , Odontostilbe microcephala , Parecbasis cyclolepis , Prodontocharax melanotus , and Rhaphiodon vulpinus . Some trees: Paralleled in node 249 and in Attonitus ephimeros .

6. Rows of gill rakers on second ceratobranchial (193): (0> 1) two. Paralleled in nodes 210, 225, 276, and 297 and in Brycon orbignyanus , Hyphessobrycon elachys , and Rhaphiodon vulpinus .

7. Number of branched pelvic-fin rays (258): (1> 0) six or less. Paralleled in the Aphyocharacinae , in nodes 220, 236, 280, and 302, and in Axelrodia lindeae , Cheirodon interruptus , Cyanocharax alburnus , Hollandichthys multifasciatus , and Hyphessobrycon luetkenii . Some trees: Paralleled in Hasemania nana and Hyphessobrycon elachys .

8. Number of branched-rays on dorsal-fin (270): (1> 0) eight or fewer. Paralleled in the Stevardiinae and in Coptobrycon bilineatus , and Piabucus melanostomus .

9. Number of dorsal pterygiophores (276): (1> 0) nine. Paralleled in the Stevardiinae , in node 184, and in Piabucus melanostomus . 10. Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays of adult males (303): (0> 1) projecting ventrally through peduncle musculature and skin. Paralleled in node 229 and in Axelrodia lindeae .