Engraulisoma taeniatum (Castro, 1984)

Mirande, Juan Marcos, 2010, Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy, Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (3), pp. 385-568 : 467-468

Autapomorphies of Engraulisoma taeniatum :

1. Extent of expansion of first infraorbital lateral to maxilla (59): (0> 1) covering most of maxilla. Paralleled in node 277 and in Heterocharax macrolepis .

2. Shape of ectopterygoid (156): (0> 2) approximately square. 3. Contact between ectopterygoid and anterodorsal region of quadrate (162): (0> 1) absent. Paralleled in nodes 184 and 242, and in Aphyocharax dentatus , Prionobrama paraguayensis , and Stichonodon insignis . Some trees: Paralleled in the Cheirodontinae and in Microschemobrycon casiquiare .

4. Interhyal(210):(0> 1) absent.Paralleledin Aulixidenseugeniae. 5. Number of branchiostegal rays (212): (1> 0) three.Paralleled in Apareiodon affinis , Leporinus striatus , and Pyrrhulina australis . 6. Development of transverse process of neural arch of third vertebra (219): (0> 1) well developed and extending beyond anterior margin of tripus.Paralleled in node 302, and in Agoniates anchovia , Cyanocharax alburnus , Deuterodon langei , Hemiodus cf. thayeria , Roeboexodon geryi , and Thayeria obliqua. Some trees: Paralleled in Microschemobrycon casiquiare and Parecbasis cyclolepis .

7. Transitional vertebrae with haemal canal (229): (0> 1) absent. Paralleled in nodes 195 and 212, and in Aulixidens eugeniae , Metynnis maculatus , and Piabina argentea . Some trees: Paralleled in node 247 and in Bryconamericus alpha and Paracheirodon axelrodi .

8. Base of second pectoral ray (231): (0> 1) similar in form and size to base of posterior rays. Paralleled in node 175. Some trees: Paralleled in node 302.

9. Bony ridge of coracoid between base of mesocoracoid and ventral margin of interosseous space (239): (1> 0) absent. Paralleled in node 204.

10. Articulation between pelvic bones (261): (0> 1) with bony interdigitations between ischiatic processes. Paralleled in node 302 and in Agoniates anchovia .

11. Relative length of anterior dorsal-fin rays (271): (0> 1) reaching tip of posterior rays when adpressed. Paralleled in nodes 163 and 179 and in Pyrrhulina australis .

12. Position of last supraneural (283): (0> 1) located more than two vertebrae in front of first dorsal pterygiophore. Paralleled in nodes 174 and 244 and in Gymnocharacinus bergii and Xenagoniates bondi .

13. Proximal and medial radials of anal fins (294): (2> 0) fused on anterior five pterygiophores. Paralleled in node 179.

14. Posterior margin of hypural 3 (300): (1> 0) equal to or narrower than posterior margin of hypural 4. Paralleled in node 181 and in the Alestidae .

15. Longitudinal position of insertion of adductor mandibulae tendon on dentary (330): (0> 1) on vertical through middle or anterior half of Meckelian cartilage. Paralleled in the Iguanodectinae , in nodes 184, 186, 209, 241, 261, and 270, and in Gymnocharacinus bergii .