Onycholyda viriditibialis ( Takeuchi, 1930 )

Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja & Taeger, Andreas, 2022, The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), Zootaxa 5167 (1), pp. 1-251 : 66-67

Onycholyda viriditibialis ( Takeuchi, 1930)

( Figs 44 , 45 ) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405106)

Pamphilius viriditibialis Takeuchi, 1930: 13 ; Kim, 1963: 278; Kim, 1970: 126.

Pamphilius tsherskii Gussakovskij, 1935: 178 ; Shinohara, 1986a: 271. (syn. of viriditibialis )

Onycholyda viriditibialis: Beneš, 1972b: 387 ; Shinohara, 1986a: 271; Shinohara & Byun, 1993: 82; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara & Lee, 1997: 215; Shinohara, 2002a: 189; Shinohara, 2002b: 421; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara & Lelej, 2007: 928, 929; Shinohara & Taeger, 2007: 34; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 85; Sundukov & Lelej, 2012: 108; Shinohara, 2013: 94; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Lee et al., 2019: 8; Shinohara, 2019: 7; Shinohara, 2020: 10, 235; Shinohara & Tripotin, 2021a: 60; Shinohara & Tripotin, 2021b: 197.

Material examined. About 205 specimens, including the type series. Thirty-one specimens are from the Russian Far East and Korea ( Shinohara 1986a; Shinohara & Byun 1993; Shinohara & Lee 1997; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021a, b; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (DEIGISHym 32041), Partizansk SSW, 140m, 43.073°N 133.074°E, 9. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU044 ( SDEI); 1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32038), Anisimovka W, 250m, 43.167°N 132.759°E, 13. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger RU050 ( SDEI) .

Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), North and South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) ( Shinohara 1986a).

Host plant. Rosaceae : Rubus crataegifolius Bunge , R. microphyllus L.f. ( Hara & Shinohara 2017).

Remarks. Onycholyda viriditibialis was described from Japan ( Takeuchi 1930). Shinohara (1986a) synonymized Pamphilius tsherskii Gussakovskij, 1935 , described from Vladivostok, with this species, even though he noted a few very small colour pattern differences between them. In both COI and NaK trees ( Figs 138 , 153 ), the Russian and Japanese specimens formed separate clades, each with 100% UFBoot support. The Russian and Japanese clades together formed a clade with 100% UFBoot support in the COI tree ( Fig. 138 ) but they did not form a clade in the NaK tree ( Fig. 153 ). The maximum p -distance among the Russian specimens was 0.2% in COI (n=3) and 0% in NaK (n=2) and that among the Japanese specimens (n=4) was 0.9% in COI and 0% in NaK, whereas the minimum p -distance between the two populations was 1.2% in COI and 0.4% in NaK. Apparently, there is some diversification among the geographically isolated populations, but here we treat all as a single species because we do not consider the observed differences sufficient to assume different species. The nearest neighbour was O. armata in COI analysis, diverging by a minimum of 2.6%, and O. sertata and O. tenuis in NaK analysis, diverging by a minimum of 0.5%.

The flight period of this species is long, from May to September, in South Korea ( Shinohara & Tripotin 2021a, b) and also in Japan ( Shinohara 1986a). The long flight period of adults is quite unusual for a pamphiliid, otherwise known only for the closely related O. esakii ( Takeuchi, 1938) . It is probably a result of polymodal adult emergence ( Shinohara & Kojima 2009).

Figures

FIGURE 44. Onycholyda viriditibialis, female, Russia – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) sawsheath laterally, (g) claw, (h) antenna.

FIGURE 45. Onycholyda viriditibialis, male, Russia – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) antenna, (g) claw.

FIGURE 138. Condensed ML tree based on CO1 gene sequences, with details of Onycholyda, part 1.

FIGURE 153. Condensed ML tree based on NaK gene sequences, with details of Onycholyda.