Uduba schlingeri, Griswold & Ubick & Ledford & Polotow, 2022

Griswold, Charles, Ubick, Darrell, Ledford, Joel & Polotow, Daniele, 2022, A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67, pp. 1-193 : 82-85

Uduba schlingeri , new species

Figures. 2 A, C , 3 A–H , 7 G , 9 A , 11 G , 12 A–D , 13 A–F , 14 A–H , 20 G , 21 A–D , 22 A–D , 23 A–D , 24 A–F , 25 B, D, E , 26 A, B , 29 E , 61 A–C , 62 A–E , 73 D, E , 80 A, B , 83 A–E , 84 A–C , Maps 5 , 14.

Type material. Holotype male ( CASENT9006052 ) from rainforest at Talatakely , Parc National Ranomafana, Fianarantsoa Province, Madagascar, collected 5–18 April 1998 by C. E. Griswold, deposited in CAS . Paratype male, same data, also CASENT9006052 , deposited in CAS; paratype male ( CASENT9006053 ) from forest at research cabin at Talatakely, P. N. Ranomafana , collected 28 April 1998 by C. E. Griswold, deposited in CAS . Paratype female ( CASENT9006079 ) from Parc National Ranomafana , collected 23 March 1992, V. and B. Roth, deposited in MCZ .

Etymology. The species epithet is a patronym in honor of Evert I. Schlinger, entomological explorer, charismatic teacher, and generous mentor. The eponymous Schlinger Foundation provid- ed extensive support for Arachnology at the California Academy of Sciences and also for the Malaise Trap survey of Madagascar arthropods, i.e., the Schlinger et al., Malaise Trap Survey, which endeavor produced many of the spiders examined by our revision.

Diagnosis. Uduba schlingeri are members of Group I.c, the Uduba funerea group ( Map 15 ) of Group I, the Epigynal atrium group. They are cribellate with cribellum divided ( Fig. 20 G ) or with vestige of a divided cribellum ( Fig. 21 A ). Males have the palp ( Figs. 61 A–C ) with TA2 highly sclerotized, black, TA2 forming a chela around TA3 apex ( Figs. 29 E , 62 C, E ), TA3 transverse, tapering to a sharp point ( Figs. 62 D, E ). Females have an epigynal plate with a median lobe surrounded by a depressed atrium ( Figs. 80 A , 84 A ); median lobe extends to epigastric furrow ( Fig. 73 D ). Uduba schlingeri are distinguished from the ecribellate U. andriamihajai in having a divid- ed cribellum ( Figs. 20 G , 23 A ).

Description. Male (Holotype): Total length 14.29. Markings as in Figs. 3 C, E, F, H , 9 A , 11 G . Carapace 9.07 long, 6.43 wide, 2.86 high; clypeus 0.43 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.39, ALE and PME 0.41, PLE 0.45. Chelicerae 4.07 long; sternum 4.11 long, 3.11 wide; labium 1.96 long; palpal coxae 2.86 long. Divided cribellum ( Fig. 21 A ). Spination (Mt Papango CASENT9062276): palpus–femur d0-0-1-1, p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1; leg I–femur d1-1-0-1, p0-1-1-1, r1-1-1-1, patella p1, r1, tibia d0-1-1-0, p0-1-1-0, v2-2-2-2, r0-1-1-0, metatarsus p0-1-1-0, v2-2-3, r0-1-1-0; leg II–femur d1-1-0-1, p0-1-1-1, r1-1-1-1, tibia d0-1-1-0, p0-1-1-0, v2-2-2-2, r0-1-1-0, metatarsus p0-1-1-0, v2- 2-3, r0-1-1-0; leg III–femur d1-0-1-1, p0-1-1-1, r0-1-1-1, patella r1, tibia d0-1-1-0, p0-0-0-1, v1- 2-2, r0-0-1-0, metatarsus p1-1-2, v2-2-2, r1-1-2; leg IV–femur d1-1-0-1, p0-1-1-1, r0-0-0-1, patella r1, tibia-tarsus of CASENT9062276 lost; (leg IV of holotype): femur d1-1-0-1, p0-1-1-1, r0-1- 1-1, patella r1, tibia d0-0-1-0, p0-1-0-1, v2-2-2, r0-1-0-1, metatarsus p0-1-1-2, v1-2-2-2, r1-2-2). Scopulae: cymbium, apicodorsal ( Figs. 62 A, C ); beneath tarsi and apices of all metatarsi. Leg measurements (holotype): I: 8.93 + 3.64 + 9.21 + 10.00 + 5.14 = 36.93; II: 8.43 + 3.36 + 7.64 + 8.64 + 4.50 = 32.57; III: 6.79 + 3.21 + 4.86 + 7.36 + 3.50 = 25.71; IV: 9.14 + 3.14 + 8.36 + 11.07 + 4.64 = 36.36; palpus: 4.14 + 1.43 + 1.64 + NA + 4.07 = 11.29. Leg formula 1423. Male palp ( Figs. 29 E , 61 A–C , 62 A–E ) (CASENT9006062): palpal tibia 0.42 times cymbial length, RTA broadly triangular, with pointed apex ( Fig. 61 C ), RTA length 0.22 tibia length, length 0.89 width, VTA cylindrical, straight, with rounded apex ( Figs. 61 B, C , 62 B, C ), VTA length 3.00 times width, length 0.39 times tibia width, tibia lacking stout spines; tegulum convex, without ridge, tegulum length 0.975 times width; TA1 extends distad of tegulum apex, TA1 extends past TA3 apex by 1.57 times tegulum length; TA3 transverse, tapering to a sharp point ( Figs. 61 A, B ), concave dorsally ( Figs. 62 D, E ), TA3 apex visible in front of TA2; TA2 highly sclerotized, black, concave medially against TA3, in this species forming a chela around TA3 apex ( Figs. 29 E , 62 E ); MA transverse, concave in middle with proximal and distal enlargements ( Figs. 61 A , 62 D ), origin at 0.35 times tegulum length, tegulum apex at 0.425 tegulum length from MA apex, length (including apical processes) 0.61 times width, MA length 0.275 tegulum length, MA width 0.44 times tegulum width; conductor fan entire ( Figs. 61 A–C , 62 A–E ). Female (Paratype, CASENT9006079): Total length 17.14. Markings as in Figs. 3 A, B, D , 7 G . Carapace 8.71 long, 6.00 wide, 3.71 high; clypeus 0.64 high. Eye diameters:AME, PME and PLE 0.36, ALE 0.38. Chelicerae 4.14 long; sternum 3.93 long, 3.04 wide; labium 1.96 long; palpal coxae 3.04 long. Cribellum divided ( Figs. 20 G , 26 A, B ). Spination (Talatakely, CASENT9006056): palpus–femur d0-0- 2; leg I–femur d1-0-1-0, p0-0-2, tibia v2-2-2-2, metatarsus v2-2-3; leg II–femur d1-0-10, p0-0-1- 1, tibia v1-1-2, metatarsus v2-2-3; leg III–femur d1-0-0-0, p0-0-0-2, r0-1-0-1, tibia d0-1-0, p0-1- 1-0, v1-2-2, r0-1-1-0, metatarsus p1-2-2, v2-2-2, r1-1-2; leg IV–femur d0-1-1-0, r0-0-0-1, tibia v1- 1-2, r0-1-1-0, metatarsus p0-0-1-1, v2-2-2, r0-0-1-1. Scopulae: strong ventral beneath all tarsi and metatarsi and apices of tibiae I and II ( Figs. 13 A, C , 14 A–E, G ). Leg measurements (Paratype, CASENT9006079): I: 6.93 + 3.21 + 6.07 + 5.00 + 3.14 = 24.36; II: 6.43 + 3.14 + 4.79 + 4.29 + 2.86 = 21.50; III: 5.00 + 2.50 + 2.64 + 3.79 + 1.86 = 15.79; IV: 6.64 + 2.86 + 5.43 + 6.14 + 2.71 = 23.79; palpus: 3.43 + 1.71 + 1.86 + NA + 2.79 = 9.79. Leg formula 1423. Female genitalia (Talatakely, CASENT9006057): epigynal plate with median lobe surrounded by depressed atrium ( Figs. 73 D , 84 A ), plate width 1.31 times length; atrium sides concave, atrium width 1.81 times atrium length; epigynum length 1.95 times atrium length, epigynum width 1.42 times atrium width; atrium width at side of ML 0.86 times ML width, 1.71 times LL width; atrium origin near epigastric groove, atrium origin at 0.12 of epigynal plate length, median lobe extends posteriad to epigastric groove, median lobe length 2.07 times width, ML extends anteriad of atrium apex by 0.15 times epigynum length, ML length 0.71 times epigynal length; lateral lobes narrow, atrium width at side of ML 1.71 times LL width; CO hidden beneath posterolateral margins of atrium, distance between CO 0.70 times width of epigynal plate, CO distance from epigastric furrow 0.29 times epigynum length. Vulva ( Figs. 73 E , 84 B ) with spermathecal ducts making two transverse curves, vulva length 1.04 times width, FD close-together, vulva width 8.17 times distance between FD.

Variation. Male (N = 9): Total length = 14.70–24.29, carapace length / width = 1.41–1.78, carapace height / width = 0.42–0.71, PER / carapace width = 0.44–0.92, PER / OAL = 2.43–3.21, PER / AER = 1.21–1.42, OAL / OQL = 1.00–1.09, OQP / OQA = 1.02–1.16, clypeus height / AME = 1.33–2.00, cheliceral length / clypeus height = 6.44–10.83, sternum length / width = 1.24–1.43, palpal coxa length / width = 1.53–3.10, femur I length / carapace width = 1.27–1.59, metatarsus I length / carapace width = 1.29–1.60, femur IV length / carapace width = 1.30–1.56, cymbium length / carapace width = 0.62–0.72, cymbium length / palpal patella length = 2.85–3.08, cymbium length / palpal tibia length = 2.48–2.80, cymbium length / palpal femur length = 0.98–1.24, palpal tibia length / palpal patella length = 1.04–1.15. Markings as in Figs. 3 C, E, F, H , 9 A , 11 G , 12 A–C . Palpus as in Figs. 29E , 61 A–C , 62 A–E . Female (N = 7): Total length = 14.00–27.14, carapace length / width = 1.41–1.69, carapace height / width = 0.42–0.71, PER / carapace width = 0.44–0.92, PER / OAL = 2.43–3.21, PER / AER = 1.21–1.42, OAL / OQL = 1.00–1.09, OQP / OQA = 1.02–1.16, clypeus height / AME = 1.33–2.00, cheliceral length / clypeus height = 6.44–10.83, sternum length / width = 1.24–1.48, palpal coxa length / width = 1.82–2.18, femur I length / carapace width = 1.00–1.25, metatarsus I length / carapace width = 0.73–0.85, femur IV length / carapace width = 0.97–1.16, palpal tarsus length / carapace width = 0.37–0.48, palpal tarsus length / palpal patella length = 1.58–1.82, palpal tarsus length / palpal tibia length = 1.48–1.54, palpal tarsus length / palpal femur length = 0.76–0.89, palpal tibia length / palpal patella length = 1.04–1.15. Markings vary as in Figs. 3 A, B, D, G , 7 G , 12 D, F . Epigynum varies as in Figs. 73 D , 80 A , 84 A ; vulva varies as in Figs. 73 E , 80 B , 83 B–E , 84 B.

M aterial examined. MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana Province: Parc National Montagne d’Ambre , 12°31ʹ13ʺS, 49°10ʹ45ʺE, elev. 1125m, malaise trap, 4–19 March 2001, M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala [MA-01-01D-05] ( CASENT9001832 , 1♂, CAS) . Fianarantsoa Province: 9 km NE Ivohibe, 6.5 km ESE Angodongodona, 22°25.6ʹS, 046°56.3ʹE, Camp #5, elev. 900m, undisturbed rainforest, pitfall traps #13–15, 12–17 September 1997, S. Goodman ( CASENT9006080 , 1♂, FMNH) ( CASENT9006070 , 1♂, FMNH) ; Parc National de Midousy, NE slope Mt. Papango, along Andrauorena River , 2 km SW Befotaka, 23°50.1ʹS, 46°57.8ʹE, elev. 875m, pitfall, 26–31 October 2003, L. E. Olsen, ( CASENT9064783 , 1♂, FMNH), ( CASENT9062276 , 1♂, FMNH), ( CASENT9062277 , 1♂, FMNH), ( CASENT9062778 , 1♂, FHNH) ; Parc Nacional Ranomafana, Vatoharanana , ca. 21º12ʹS, 47º27ʹE, 9–10 May 1992, V. and B. Roth, and S. Kariko ( CASENT9025468 , 1♀, MCZ), ( CASENT9006075 , 1♀, CAS) ; Vatoharanana (coordinates approximate) 21º16ʹS, 47º28ʹE, general collecting, [“Ten-1, KARIKO-ROTH VOUCHER COLLECTION”], 5 May 1992, V. and B. Roth and S. Kariko ( CASENT9006078 , 1♀, MCZ) ; Vatoharanana , 4.0 km SW Ranomafana (ville), 21°14.7ʹS, 047°26.0ʹE, elev. 1025m, pitfalls, slightly transitional lowland to lower montane rainforest, 3–9 October 2000, coll. S. Goodman [ FMNH #00- 225] ( CASENT9064665 , 1♂, FMNH) , Vatoharanana River , 4.1 km 231°SW Ranomafana, 21°17ʹ24ʺS, 047°26ʹ00ʺE, elev. 1100m, montane rainforest, general collecting at night, 27–31 March 2003, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team [BLF8395] ( CASENT9017832 , 1♂, CAS), [ BLF8394 ] ( CASENT9017835 , 1♂, CAS) ; Parc National Ranomafana, Vohiparara , piste touristique, 21º13.6ʹS, 47º24.0ʹE, elev. ca. 1000m, 26–27 April 1998, C. Griswold, D. Kavanaugh, N. Penny, D. Ubick, M. Raherilalao, J., Schweikert and S. Ranorainarisoa [Dong Lin nest photos, this publication, Figures 2 A, C ] ( CASENT9006058 , 1♀, CAS) ; Talatakely, Research cabin, 21º14.9ʹS, 47º25.6ʹE, 9–30 April 1998, C. Griswold, D. Kavanaugh, N. Penny, D. Ubick, M. Raherilalao, J., Schweikert and S. Ranorainarisoa (Paratype, CASENT9006053 , 1♂, CAS) ; Talatakely , 21º14.9ʹS, 47º25.6ʹE, 9–30 April 1998, C. E. Griswold, D. H. Kavanaugh, N. D. Penny, M. J. Raherilalao, J. S. Ranorianarisoa, J. Schweikert and D. Ubick ( CASENT9006054 , 1♂, CAS), ( CASENT9006055 , 1♂, CAS), ( CASENT9006057 , 1♀, CAS), CASENT9006051 , 3♂, CAS ); Talatakely , 21º14.9ʹS, 47º25.6ʹE, “trail F, burrow at tree base” 5–18 April 1998, C. E. Griswold, D. H. Kavanaugh, N. D. Penny, M. J. Raherilalao, J. S. Ranorianarisoa, J. Schweikert and D. Ubick ( CASENT9006056 , 1♀, CAS) , Talatakely, 21º14.9ʹS, 47º25.6ʹE, 5–18 April 1998, Ranomafana N. P., township of Ranomafana , 31 May 1992, V. Roth, ( CASENT9006062 , 1♂, CAS) ; Ranomafana N.P., at camp (coordinates approximate) 21º16ʹS, 47º28ʹE, general collecting, 23 March 1992, V. and B. Roth (Paratype, CASENT9006079 , 1♀, 3jj, CAS) ; 7 km W Ranomafana , elev. 1100m, 22–31 October 1988, W. Steiner ( CASENT9006061 , 2♂, USNM) . Toliara Province: Forêt Analavelona, Antanimena , 12.5 km NW Andranoheza, 22°40.7ʹS, 44°11.5ʹE, elev. 1050m, transitional mid-altitude forest with elements of eastern and western forests, pitfall traps, 9–15 March 1998, S. Goodman ( CASENT9065671 , 1♂, FMNH) ; Réserve Naturelle Intégrale d’Andohahela , 13.5 km NW Eminiminy, parcel #1, camp #3, 24°35.0ʹS, 46°44.1ʹE, elev. 1200m, 7–17 November 1995, S. Goodman [ FMNH#12 ] ( CASENT9006082 , 1♀, FMNH), [ FMNH#71-7 - 2 -S] ( CASENT9006081 , 1♀, FMNH) ; Réserve Naturelle Intégrale d’Andohahela , 8 km NW Eminiminy, parcel #1, camp #1, 24°37.6ʹS, 46°45.9ʹE, elev. 440m, 19–28 October 1995, S. Goodman, ( CASENT9006063 , 2♂, FMNH), ( CASENT9006060 , 1♂, FMNH), ( CASENT9006059 , 1♂, FMNH) .

Natural history. Many records from pitfall traps reveal that males of Uduba schlingeri wan- der, even up into vegetation where they have been collected in malaise taps. Females of this cribellate species are recorded as burrowing, e.g., at Talatakely where a record states “trail F, burrow at tree base.” They make a vertical tube of silk that may extend above the soil surface, and which may be surmounted by a funnel of cribellate silk ( Figs. 2 A, C ).

Distribution. The species Uduba schlingeri has been collected in rainforests from Montagne d’Ambre from far northern Madagascar south through the eastern mountains to Andohahela ( Maps 5 , 14). A southwestern collection record of U. schlingeri from Forêt Analavelona pitfall traps at elevation 1050m, in “transitional mid-altitude forest with elements of eastern and western forests”, represents a spider collected in a disjunct outlier of typical eastern rainforest vegetation.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Uduba spp., nests and live individuals. A, C, U. schlingeri, ♀, CASENT9006058. B, D, U. evanescens (Dahl, 1901), ♀, CASENT9006088. A. Tubular nest surmounted by funnel of cribellate silk, Ranomafana. B. Nest opening on soil surface, Ranomafana. C. Tubular nest, Ranomafana. D. Nest opening on soil surface, Ranomafana. E. U. madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863), ♂ CASENT9006030, specimen from suburbs of Antananarivo. A–D. Photos by Dong Lin, Ranomafana, April 1998. E. Photo by Nikolaj Scharff, November 1993. Scale bars = 20 mm.

FIGURE 3. Habitus photos of Uduba schlingeri from Parc National Ranomafana. A, B, D, G. Female ♀ (CASENT9006075). C, E, F, H. ♂ Holotype male (CASENT9006052). A. Dorsal. B. Ventral. C. Dorsal. D. Carapace, dorsal. E. Ventral. F. Carapace, dorsal. G. Carapace, lateral. H. Carapace, lateral. Scale bars = 5 mm.

FIGURE 7. Habitus photos of Uduba spp., females, dorsal views. A. U. pseudoevanescens, CASENT9006007, from Forêt Marovato, MNHN Paris. B. U. evanescens (Dahl, 1901), CASENT9006090 from Ranomafana National Park. C. U. volana, Holotype (CASENT9006072) from 1400m elevation at Ambohimanga. D. U. goodmani, Holotype (CASENT9006074) from Réserve Naturelle Intégrale d’Andohahela. E. U. salegy, Paratype (CASENT9006045) from Parc National Montagne d’Ambre. F. U. ibonia, CASENT9006033 from Ranomafana National Park. G. U. schlingeri, CASENT9006075 from Parc National Ranomafana. H. U. barbarae, paratype (CASENT9006064), from Lokobe Forest on the island of Nosy Be. I. U. kavanaughi, paratype (CASENT9003517) from Parc National Ranomafana. J. U. woodae, paratype (CASENT9017834) from spiny forest at Lake Ranobe. K. U. woodae, CASENT9006092 from Ambovombe, Carougeau, Muséum Paris. L. U. madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863), CASENT9006029, from forest near village of Ambohimanga. Scale bars (see A, I) = 5 mm.

FIGURE 9. Habitus photos of Uduba spp., males, dorsal views. A. U. schlingeri, (CASENT9006077) from R. S. de Ivohibe. B. U. woodae, CASENT9017831 from Lake Ranobe. C. U. lehibekokoa, Holotype (CASENT9017929) from tropical dry forest in Parc National de Namoroka. D. U. salegy, Holotype (CASENT9006044) from montane rainforest in Parc National Montagne d’Ambre. E. U. ibonia, CASENT9006034 from Parc National Ranomafana. F. U. fandroana, CASENT9006103 from Forêt d’Ankazomivady. G. U. kavanaughi, Holotype (CASENT9029870) from evergreen forest in Parc National Ranomafana. H. U. lamba, Holotype (CASENT9042542) from rainforest in Réserve Nationale Intégrale Betampona. Scale bars: A–F, H = 5 mm, G = 10 mm.

FIGURE 11. Habitus drawings, Uduba ♂♂, dorsal views. A. U. salegy, Holotype (CASENT9006044) from Parc National Montagne d’Ambre. B. U. halabe, Paratype, (CASENT9006017) from Parc National Ranomafana. C. U. pseudoevanescens, Paratype (CASENT9006006) from Route d’Anosibe de Moramanga. D. U. rinha, (MRAC174.445) from 25 km W Morarano Chrome, Toamasina Province. E. U. rakotozafy, Holotype (CASENT9006024) from Parc National Périnet. F. U. ibonia, Holotype (CASENT9006038) from 7 km W Ranomafana. G. U. schlingeri (CASENT9006061) from 7 km W Ranomafana. Illustrations by Jenny Speckels. All to same scale, scale bar = 5.0 mm.

FIGURE 12. Uduba spp., morphology photos. A–C. U. schlingeri, ♂ CASENT9006052 from Talatakely, Ranomafana National Park. D, F. U. schlingeri, ♀ CASENT9006075 from Vatoharanana, Ranomafana National Park. E. U. fisheri, ♀ CASENT9026389 from Anjozorobe. A. Cephalothorax, dorsal. B. Cephalothorax, ventral. C. Habitus, lateral. D. Face, clypeus and divided chilum, anterior. E. Pedicel, dorsal (anterior to top). F. Habitus, lateral. Scale bars: A, B, F = 2 mm, C = 2 mm, D =1 mm, E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 13. Uduba schlingeri, from Ranomafana National Park, leg photos. A–C, E, F. ♀ (CASENT9006075). D. ♂ (CASENT9006052). A. Leg I, prolateral. B. Metatarsus and tarsus IV, retrolateral, showing calamistrum-arrow to calamistrum. C. Leg IV, retrolateral. D. ♂ tibia II retrolateral, base showing tibial crack (arrow). E. Trochanter IV, left. F. Trochanter I, left. Scale bars: A, C = 2 mm, B = 1 mm, D, E, F = 0.25 mm

FIGURE 14. Uduba spp., females, legs, SEM. A–E, G. U. schlingeri ♀ (CASENT9025468) from Vatoharanana, Ranomafana National Park. F, H. U. fisheri, ♀ (CASENT9026389) from Anjozorobe. A. Tarsus I, left, retrolateral. B. Tarsus IV, left, retrolateral. C. Tarsus I, left, dorsal. D. Tarsus IV, left, dorsal. E. Palpal tarsus, right, retrolateral. F. Palpus, trochanter–tarsus, prolateral. G. Metatarsus IV base, retrodorsal, showing calamistrum [arrow]. H. Metatarsus IV, retrodorsal, showing calamistrum [arrow]. Scale bars = 100 µm.

FIGURE 20. Uduba spp., females: cribellum or colulus, and base of anterior lateral spinnerets surrounded by soft, flexible cuticle, anterior to top. A. U. halabe, CASENT9017873 from Parc Nacional Ranomafana, entire cribellum. B. U. ibonia, CASENT9006035 from Parc Nacional Ranomafana, divided cribellum (note small size of spinning plates). C. U. pseudoevanescens, CASENT9006008 from Parc Nacional Périnet, divided cribellum. D. U. evanescens (Dahl, 1901), CASENT9024032 from Parc Nacional Ranomafana, colulus. E. U. madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863), CASENT9006028 from Forêt Analavelona, colulus. F. U. goodmani, holotype (CASENT9006074) from Réserve Naturelle Intégrale d’Andohahela, colulus. G. U. schlingeri, CASENT9006028 from Parc Nacional Ranomafana, divided cribellum (note large size of spinning plates at posterior margin of soft cuticle). Illustrations by Charles Griswold. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 21. Spinning organs of Uduba schlingeri, male CASENT9006052 from Talatakely, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, scanning electron micrographs (SEM). A. Whole spinnerets. B. Left ALS, showing Nu of MAP. C. Apex of left PMS. D. Left PMS, showing Nu of MS and Fls triplet. AC, aciniform gland spigot(s); Fls, flankers of pseudoflagelliform gland spigot; MAP, major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAP, minor ampullate gland spigot(s); MS, modified spigot, or pseudoflagelliform gland spigot; Nu, nubbin; PI, piriform gland spigot(s); Tp, tartipore. Scale bars: A = 100 µm, B = 20 µm, C, D = 10 µm.

FIGURE 22. Spinning organs of Uduba schlingeri, female CASENT9025468 from Vatoharanana, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, scanning electron micrographs (SEM). A. Whole spinnerets. B. Right ALS. C. PMS. D. Left PLS. AC, aciniform gland spigot(s); CY, cylindrical gland spigot(s); Fls, flankers of pseudoflagelliform gland spigot; MAP, major ampullate gland spigot(s); mAP, minor ampullate gland spigot(s); MS, modified spigot, or pseudoflagelliform gland spigot; PI, piriform gland spigot(s); Tp, tartipore. Scale bars: A, C = 100 µm, B = 20 µm, D = 10 µm.

FIGURE 23. Details of spinning organs of Uduba schlingeri, female CASENT9025468 from Vatoharanana, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, scanning electron micrographs (SEM). A. Cribellum and anterior of PMS. B. Right ALS, MAP and TP. C. Cribellum spinning field, close-up of cribellar spigot bundles. D. Right ALS, PI and TP. MAP, major ampullate gland spigot(s); PI, piriform gland spigot(s); TP, tartipore. Scale bars: A = 100 µm, C = 3 µm, B, D = 10 µm.

FIGURE 24. Details of spinning organs of Uduba schlingeri, female CASENT9025468 from Vatoharanana, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, scanning electron micrographs (SEM). A. Right PMS apex, showing AC, mAP and TP. B. Left PLS (image flipped to appear as right), showing several AC, a CY and the triplet of MS and two MSFl. C. Right PMS, showing AC (not labelled). D. Left PLS (image flipped to appear as right), showing the triplet of MS and two MSFls, a CY and several AC (not labelled). E. Right PMS, posterolateral surface showing CY. F. Right ALS, showing PIs and TPs. AC, aciniform gland spigot(s); CY, cylindrical gland spigot(s); Fls, flanking spigot(s) of modified spigot; mAP, minor ampullate gland spigot(s); MS, modified spigot, or pseudoflagelliform gland spigot; TP, tartipore. Scale bars: A–F = 10 µm.

FIGURE 25. Details of spinning organs of male Uduba spp., scanning electron micrographs (SEM). A, C. U. fisheri (CASENT9026389) from Anjozorobe. B, D, E. U. schlingeri, (CASENT9006052) from Talatakely, Parc Nacional Ranomafana. A. Cribellum, lacking spigots. B. Left PMS showing mAP and TP. C. Left PLS showing nubbins (Nu) that remain from MS-MSFls triplet. D. Left ALS, showing MAP, TP, and MAP Nu. E. Left PLS showing nubbins (Fl) that remain from MS-MSFl triplet. Fls, nubbins of flankers of pseudoflagelliform gland spigot; MAP, major ampullate gland spigot(s); MAP-Nu, major ampullate gland spigot nubbin; mAP, minor ampullate gland spigot(s); MS, nubbin of modified spigot, or pseudoflagelliform gland spigot; TP, tartipore. Scale bars: A–D = 10 µm, E = 2 µm.

FIGURE 26. Spinning organs of Uduba spp. A. B. U. schlingeri ♀, (CASENT9006075), Vatoharanana, Parc Nacional Ranomafana. C. U. lamba, ♂, holotype, (CASENT9042542), R.N.I. Betampona. Cl, colulus, Cr, cribellum. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C = 2.0 mm.

FIGURE 29. Uduba spp., color-coded comparisons of male left palpal tarsi, ventral views. A. U. evanescens (Dahl, 1901) (CASENT9024032) from Parc National Ranomafana. B. U. rakotofrah, paratype (CASENT9062794), from Anosyenne Mts. C. U. madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863) (CASENT9006026) from Ambohimanga. D. U. halabe, holotype (CASENT9006018) from Parc National Ranomafana. E. U. schlingeri, (CASENT9006062) from Parc National Ranomafana. F. U. ibonia, (CASENT9006036) from Parc National Ranomafana. G. U. rakotozafy, holotype (CASENT9006024) from Parc National Périnet. H. U. fisheri, (CASENT9007941) from Anjozorobe. I. U. rinha, (MRAC174.445) from 25 km W Morarano Chrome, Toamasina Province. Conductor (C), yellow; Median apophysis (MA), blue; TA1, purple; TA2, green; TA3, red. Illustrations by Charles Griswold and Jenny Speckels, not to scale.

FIGURE 61. Uduba schlingeri, new species, (CASENT9006062) from Parc National Ranomafana, left male palpus. A. Prolateral. B. Ventral. C. Retrolateral. Illustrations by Jenny Speckels. TA2, proapical apophysis of the tegulum; TA3, retroapical apophysis of the tegulum. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 62. Uduba schlingeri, new species, CASENT9006059 from Andohahela, right male palpus, SEM. A. Tibia and tarsus, retrolateral. B. Tibia and tarsus, ventral. C. Tibia and tarsus, ventrolateral. D. Bulb, apical. E. Bulb, proventral. MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis on male palp; TA1, proapical apophysis of the tegulum; TA2, proapical apophysis of the tegulum; TA3, retroapical apophysis of the tegulum; UTA, basal tibial apophysis on male palp; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis on male palp. Scale bars: A–C = 1500 µm, D = 600 µm, E = 1000 µm.

FIGURE 73. Uduba spp., female genitalia drawings. A, B. U. ibonia, new species, paratype (CASENT9006035), from Parc National Ranomafana. C, F. U. ida, new species, holotype (CASENT9042534) from Station Forestière Analamazaotra. D, E. U. schlingeri, new species (CASENT9006057) from Parc National Ranomafana. B–D. Epigynum, ventral. A, E, F. Vulva, dorsal. Illustrations by Charles Griswold. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 80. Uduba spp., ♀ genitalia. A, B. U. schlingeri, new species, CASENT9006075 from Vatoharanana, Ranomafana National Park. C. U. madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863), CASENT9006029 from forest near Ambohimanga Village. D. U. woodae, new species, CASENT9006092 from Ambovombe, Carougeau, MNHN, Muséum Paris. E, F. U. goodmani, new species, Holotype (CASENT9006074), from Réserve Naturelle Intégrale d’Andohahela. G. U. evanescens (Dahl, 1901) CASENT9006083 from Forêt Ambohimasoa. H, I. U. valiha, new species, Paratype (CASENT9006071) from Massif Andringitra. J. U. pseudoevanescens, new species, CASENT9006007 from Forêt Marovato. A, E, H. Epigynum, ventral. B–D, F, G, I, J. Vulva, dorsal. At, atrium of epigynum; BS, base of spermatheca of vulva; CO, copulatory openings of epigynum; EF, epigastric furrow of abdomen; FD, fertilization duct of vulva; HS, head of spermatheca of vulva, including spermathecal poreplate; LL, lateral lobe of epigynum; LP, lateral process of epigynum; ML, median lobe of epigynum. Scale bars = A, B = 0.5 mm, C–J = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 83. Uduba schlingeri, new species, CASENT9006075 from Vatoharanana, Ranomafana National Park, ♀ genitalia, SEM images. A. Vulva and book lungs, dorsal. B. Vulva, dorsal. C. Right side of vulva, dorsal, inset shows HS. D. Right side of vulva, dorsal, inset shows texture of spermatheca. E. Right side of vulva, dorsal, close-up of pores of HS. Scale bars: A = 500 µm, B = 100 µm, C = 430 µm, D, = 300 µm, E = 50 µm.

FIGURE 84. Uduba schlingeri, new species, CASENT9006075 from Vatoharanana, Ranomafana National Park, ♀ genitalia, SEM images. A. Epigynum, ventral. B. Vulva, dorsal. C. Vulva and book lungs, dorsal. BL, book lungs; BS, spermathecal base; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; HS, spermathecal head, LL, lateral lobes of epigynum; ML, median lobe of epigynum. Scale bars: A, B = 300 µm, C = 750 µm.

MAP 5. Distributions of Uduba schlingeri, Uduba MAP 6. Distributions of Uduba andriamihajai and volana and Uduba ida. Uduba goodmani.

MAP 15. Distribution of Group I.c, the Uduba funerea MAP 16. Distribution of Group II, the Epigynum lateral group of Group I, the Epigynal atrium group: Uduba projection group, or Uduba evanescens group: Uduba funerea Simon, 1906, U. barbarae, U. lavitra, U. orona and evanescens (Dahl, 1901), U. rakotofrah, U. volana, U. milamina. U. heliani, U. goodmani and Uduba pseudoevanescens.