Anacharis eucharoides ( Dalman, 1818 )

Mata-Casanova, Noel, Selfa, Jesús & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2018, Three new species of Anacharis Dalman, 1823 (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), with revised taxonomy and distribution records of Palaearctic and Indomalayan species, European Journal of Taxonomy 414, pp. 1-25 : 6-10

Anacharis eucharoides ( Dalman, 1818)

Fig. 2A–B, D

Cynips eucharoides Dalman, 1818: 78 . Type material lost, according to Fergusson (1986).

Anacharis tinctus Walker, 1835: 520 . Synonymized by Fergusson (1986). Type examined.

Anacharis typicus Walker, 1835: 520 .

Megapelmus spheciformis Hartig, 1840: 202 .

Anacharis gracilipes Ionescu, 1969: 75 , fig. 27. syn. nov. Type examined.

Anacharis eucharoides – Dalman 1823: 96.

Anacharis typica – Walker in Reinhard 1860: 215. Synonymized by Fergusson (1986). Lectotype examined.

Anacharis spheciformis – Hartig in Giraud 1860: 170. Synonymized by Fergusson (1986).

Diagnosis

Species morphologically very similar to A. antennata , except for some weak transverse carinae at the edges of the notauli, alutaceous scutellum and a weak posterior carina on the scutellar foveae (in A. antennata , mesoscutum and scutellum smooth, scutellar foveae defined by a strong posterior carina).

Type material

Type material of Anacharis eucharoides : lost ( Fergusson 1986).

Type material of Anacharis tincta . Lectotype ♂, collected in United Kingdom, location not specified ( Walker 1835), with the following labels: “B. M. 1981 under tincta ” (white label); “Lectotype Anacharis tincta Walker , det. N.D.M. Fergusson, 1981” (white label); B. M. Type Hym. 7.162” (white label) ( NHM) .

Type material of Anacharis typica . Lectotype ♀, collected in United Kingdom, location not specified ( Walker 1835), with the following labels: “In coll. under typica ” (white label); “B. N. 1981 under typica ” (white label); “Lectotype Anacharis typica Walker , det. N.D.M. Fergusson, 1981” (white label); “B. M. Type Hym. 7.163” (white label) ( NHM).

Type material of Anacharis gracilipes . Lectotype ♀, collected at Rarau Mountains , Romania ( Ionescu 1969), with the following labels: “ 26.VII.1956, Rarău” (white label); “ Anacharis eucharoides ♀ ( Dalman, 1818) , N. Mata-Casanova det. 2014” ( MGAB). Paralectotype ♀, Pădurea Greci , 5 Jul. 1961 ( MGAB).

Type locality

SWEDEN: Västergötland.

Material examined

( 35 ♀♀, 27 ♂♂: 3 ♀♀ & 1 ♂ deposited in NHM ; 6 ♀♀ & 4 ♂♂ deposited in CNC ; 6 ♀♀ & 3 ♂♂ deposited in MNHN ; 8 ♀♀ & 1 ♂ deposited in LU ; 1 ♀♀ & 1 ♂ deposited in ULg ; 11 ♀♀ & 17 ♂♂ deposited in UB ).

MOROCCO: 1 ♀, Marrakech Ouirgane, 1000 m a.s.l., MT , 22–29 Oct. 1996, C. Kaseebeer leg. ( CNC).

ANDORRA: 1 ♂, Santa Coloma, MT , Aug. 1992, J. Pujade leg. ( UB); 1 ♂, Santa Coloma, MT , Oct. 1992, J. Pujade leg. ( UB); 1 ♀, Santa Coloma, MT , 16–30 Jul. 1993, J. Pujade leg. ( UB).

FRANCE: 2 ♀♀, Til-Châtel, 25 km N of Dijon, 7 Sep. 1979, Bouček leg. ( NHM) ; 1 ♀, Collioure, Pyreneés Orientales , 29 Feb. 1984, C. Delvare leg. ( NHM) ; 1 ♀, Valdeblore , Col de Salèse, 11–24 Jun. 2009 ( MNHN); 1 ♂, Valdeblore, le Boréon , 11–24 Jun. 2009 ( MNHN) ; 1 ♀, Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage , Vallon de Saint-Dalmas, 10–23 Jul. 2009 ( MNHN); 1 ♂, Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage , Vallon de Sestrière, 10–23 Jul. 2009 ( MNHN) ; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Valdeblore, Col de Salèse, MT , 24 Jul.–13 Aug. 2009 ( MNHN) ; 1 ♀, Valdeblore, Col de Salèse, MT , 13–27 Aug. 2009 ( MNHN) ; 2 ♀♀, Valdeblore, le Boréon , 13–27 Aug. 2009 ( MNHN).

UNITED KINGDOM: 1 ♂, Toraguay, 25 Jun. 1960, J.R. Vocherath leg. ( NHM).

BELGIUM: 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Somal, 28 May 2013, P.N. Libert leg. ( ULg).

ITALY: 2 ♀♀, Abruzzo, L’Aquila, 20 Jun. 1992, John D. Pinto leg. ( CNC).

SWITZERLAND: 1 ♂, Solothun, Hinter Weissenstein , 1250 m a.s.l., 45º15′2″ N, 7º29′15″ E, 17 Jun. 1999, Goulet leg. ( CNC).

GERMANY: 1 ♂, Mainz, 26 Aug.–3 Sep. 1965, A.W. Steffan leg. ( CNC); 1 ♀, Mainz, 18 Sep.–1 Oct. 1965, A.W. Steffan leg. ( CNC).

CZECH REPUBLIC: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Moravia, R. V. Dyje nr. Znojmo, 12 Sep. 1991, L. Masner leg. ( CNC).

HUNGARY: 1 ♀, Kelebia, 5 Oct. 1949, Erdös leg. ( UB); 1 ♂, Mátra, 25 Jun. 1952, Erdös leg. ( UB); 1 ♂, Börzsöny, 16 Aug. 1956, Erdös leg. ( UB) ; 1 ♀, Börzsöny, W. Hideghedy, 15 Jun. 1957, Erdös leg. ( UB) ; 1 ♀, Bükk, 28 Aug. 1957, Erdös leg. ( UB); 1 ♂, Tataváros, 26 May 1959, Sólymosne leg. ( UB); 1 ♂, Fót, 19 Sep. 1960, Mihályi leg. ( UB); 1 ♂, Mátra, 5 Jul. 1962, Erdös leg. ( UB) ; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Pilis, 24 Aug. 1962, Erdös leg. ( UB) ; 3 ♂♂, Vas m. Orseg, Szalafo-Felsoszer , 1 Jul. 1994, Kotenko A. leg. ( UB); 1 ♂, Vas m. Cák, 8 Jul. 1994, Kotenko A. leg. ( UB); 1 ♂, Vas Co., Hörmann forr., 27 Jul. 1996, Cs. Thuróczy leg. ( UB).

ROMANIA: 1 ♀, Hargita Co., Kiruly Valley , 10 Jul. 2000, Zoltán Acs leg. ( UB); 1 ♂, Hargita Co., Kiruly Valley , 15 Aug. 2000, Zoltán Acs leg. ( UB).

RUSSIA: 1 ♂, Caucasus , Temmolesskaya, 700 m a.s.l., 25 Jul. 1999, V. Gebrennikov leg. ( CNC).

SWEDEN: 1 ♀, Norbottens Lan. Nat. Park , 10 Aug. 1999, G. Melika leg. ( UB); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, on Road 276 nr. Kvista , 18 Aug. 1999, G. Melika leg. ( UB); 1 ♂, 8 ♀♀, with no specified location ( LU) .

NORWAY: 1 ♀, Oppdal , Kongsvoll, Blesbekken, MT, 4 Sep. 1980, J.O. Solem ( UB); 1 ♂, Oppdal, Kongsvoll, Raubekken, 900 m a.s.l., MT, 25 Aug. 1981, J.O. Solem ( UB) ; 1 ♀, Oppdal, Kongsvoll, Gabaljbk, MT , 10 Aug. 1982, J.O. Solem ( UB).

Redescription

LENGTH. Body: 3.2 mm. Antennae: 2.8 mm (♂), 2.1 mm (♀). Wings: 2.8 mm.

COLORATION. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Mandibles yellowish brown with darker teeth. Antennae dark yellowish brown. Legs yellowish brown with darker coxae. Veins of wings dark brown.

HEAD. Triangular-shaped in anterior view. Face smooth, covered with sparce white setae. Width of head 2 times its length in dorsal view and 1.3 times its height in anterior view. Malar sulcus coriaceous, 0.6 times height of compound eye. Transfacial line same length as height of compound eye. Diameter of toruli larger than inter-toruli distance and torulus to compound eye distance. Clypeus smooth, glabrous, shortly convex. Occipital and postocular carinae absents. Compound eyes glabrous. In both sexes POL:OOL:LOL ratio = 7:4:4, ocelli diameter being 2.5. Frons, gena and occiput smooth, shiny and glabrous except for few sparse setae.

ANTENNAE. Cylindrical flagellomeres covered with pubescence. Male antennal formula: 8(4), 3.5(3), 12(3), 10(3), 9(3), 9(2.5), 9(2.5), 9(2.5), 8(2.5), 8(2.5), 8(2), 7.5(2), 7.5(2), 10(2). Female antennal formula: 7(3), 4(2.5), 9.5(2), 8(2), 7.5(2), 7(2), 7(2), 7(2), 6.5(2), 6(2), 6(2), 6(2), 10(2.5). Placodeal sensilla start at F 1 in both sexes.

MESOSOMA. Pronotum smooth, shiny, with some lower transverse carinae, covered by short white setae ( Fig. 2D ). Mesoscutal width 1.2 times its length in dorsal view. Mesoscutum smooth and shiny, almost glabrous except for a few setae; some weak transverse carinae at edges of notauli, extended in anterior region between notauli in some specimens ( Fig. 2A–B ). Notauli complete and clearly excavated; transverse internal carinae ranging from being absent ( Fig. 2A ) to present ( Fig. 2B ); median mesoscutal furrow absent. Lateral region of mesoscutum smooth except for a few isolated punctures; parapsidal signum and parascutal sulcus, absent. Scutellar length 0.8 times that of mesoscutum in dorsal view. Scutellum alutaceous, never areolate ( Fig. 2A–B ). Scutellar foveae rounded, large, alutaceous, with short oblique internal ridges in some specimens, basally defined by weak carina ( Fig. 2A–B ); lateral pits of scutellar foveae absent. Interfoveal line present. Circumscutellar carina complete, clearly defined, not projected at scutellar apex. Mesopleuron smooth, glabrous, shiny, with transverse groove not internally carinate; some anterior oblique carinae present. Mesopleural triangle smooth, densely pubescent. Metanotal troughs alutaceous, glabrous. Propodeum coriaceous, pubescent, divided into large cells; central area with one large upper cell partially divided by median carina and four lesser smaller cells.

WINGS. Pubescent. Radial cell of forewing closed, 2.6 times as long as wide. Marginal pubescence of forewing denser at apical third.

METASOMA. Longer than head + mesosoma. Petiole longer than metacoxa, smooth, shiny, weak dorsal carinae present in last third of the petiole. Third metasomal tergum 2.5 times as long as fourth tergum in dorsal view. Fifth, sixth, seventh metasomal tergae visible in dorsal view. Metasomal terga smooth, glabrous, punctate in anterior region of each tergum, more distinct from T4 to T7.

Taxonomic remarks

The holotype of A. eucharoides is lost ( Fergusson 1986); we studied the lectotypes A. tincta and A. typica designated by Fergusson (1986) instead. Regarding A. gracilipes syn. nov., in the original work of Ionescu, the different coloration and longer radial cell and petiole are cited as differences for establishing a new species. After examining the type material of A. gracilipes as well as the lectotypes of A. eucharoides designated by Fergusson and series of undetermined material, we concluded that the coloration alone cannot be taken into account when distinguishing between species, and the morphometric differences cited by Ionescu (1969) fall within the ranges of intraspecific variability.

Biology

Known to attack Hemerobius micans Olivier, 1792 , Wesmaelius betulinus (Ström, 1788) and W. subnebulosus (Stephens, 1836) ( Fergusson 1986) .

Distribution

Palaearctic. Known from Sweden ( Dalman 1818; Zetterstedt 1838); United Kingdom ( Walker 1835); Austria ( Giraud 1860); France ( Hedicke 1914); Netherlands and Germany ( Dalla-Torre & Kieffer 1910); Russia ( Belizin 1951); Georgia ( Belizin 1961); Romania ( Ionescu 1969); first citation for Morocco, Andorra, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Norway.

Figures

Fig. 2. A–C. Mesosoma in dorsal view. A–B. Anacharis eucharoides (Dalman, 1818). C. A. immunis Walker, 1835. – D–F. Mesosoma in lateral view. D. A. eucharoides (Dalman, 1818). E–F. A. immunis Walker, 1835, F is detail of scutellum.