Sodalia coler (Schaus, 1902)

Gaviria-Ortiz, Fabian Guillermo, Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Carneiro, Eduardo, Warren, Andrew D., Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2020, A review of the Neotropical skipper genus Sodalia Evans, 1955 (Lepidoptera Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) with the description of a new species, Zootaxa 4877 (1), pp. 102-124 : 111-112

Sodalia coler (Schaus, 1902)

Figs 9–12 , 21 , 26 , 31 , 36 , 41 , 43

Euroto coler Schaus, 1902 . Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 24: 443; type male, nº 6.019, Nova Friburgo, [Rio de Janeiro State], Brazil; USNM.—Draudt, 1923, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett Erde 5, p. 965.—J. Zikán, 1928. Ent. Rdsch., Stuttgart, 45: 32.—C. Hoffmann, 1934. Ent. Rdsch., Stuttgart, 51: 72.—Hayward, 1940. An. Soc. cient. arg. 130: 94.—Hayward, 1940. Rev. Soc. ent. arg. 10: 291, fig. 12 (male gen.).—Hayward, 1941. Rev. Mus. La Plata, n. s., Zool. 2: 312.—Williams & Hayward, 1944. Acta zool. Lill. 2: 204.—Hayward, 1950. Gen. Sp. Anim. Arg. 2, p. 195, 196, pls 8, fig. 13 (male gen.), 21, fig. 9 (d).—J. Zikán & W. Zikán, 1968. Pesq. agropec. bras. 3: 59.

Sodalia coler ; Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 105, pl. 59 (male gen.).—Biezanko, 1963. Arq. Ent., sér. A, Pelotas, p. 16.—Mielke, 1968. Atas Soc. Biol. Rio de Janeiro 12: 76.—Hayward, 1973. Op. Lill. 23: 69.—Biezanko & Mielke, 1973. Acta biol. paranaense 2: 77.—Mielke, 1980. Acta biol. paranaense 8-9: 131.—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 27; 2, p. 34.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 43; 2, p. 55.—K. Brown, 1992, in Morellato. Hist. nat. Japi, p. 179, fig. 17 (v).—C. Mielke, 1995. Revta bras. Zool. 11: 763.—Mielke & Casagrande, 1998. Revta bras. Zool. 14: 994.—K. Brown & Freitas, 2000. Bol. Mus. Biol. Mello Leitão, n. s., Sta. Teresa, 11/12: 112.—Canals, 2003. Marip. Misiones, p. 110, 461, figs (d, v).—Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 80, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A.

(no genus) coler ; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 115.

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all species in the genus by the longer brand over CuA 2 on the male DFW. Additionally, S. coler is distinguished from S. spangla comb. nov. and S. petiti by the absence of yellow scales on DFW and DHW; from S. argyrospila by the absence of pure white discal and postdiscal spots on VHW; and from S. sodalis by the presence of two circular areas of iridescent bluish-green scales on the frons.

Redescription. Head: frons with two circular areas of compact, short, iridescent bluish-green scales separated ventro-medially by a narrow area of opaque scales; anterior chaetosema yellow. Nudum 13–14 segments.

Wings: Forewing length 12–14 mm (n=30). DFW uniformly dark brown, sometimes with faint yellow postdiscal spots in R 3 –M 1 and M 3 –CuA 2; two brands, one above and other below CuA 2, the first somewhat rectangular and well-developed, much longer than in other species of the genus, almost reaching the end of discal cell, the second thin and shorter than the first. VFW ground color dark brown, reddish along costal margin, apical and subapical areas, extending to CuA 2.at the external margin. DHW uniformly dark brown. VHW mostly reddish-brown, except from the inferior half of CuA 2 –2A to 3A brown; six faint spots of sparse pale yellow scales, one discal in the inferior half of discal cell, close to end of cell (almost undetectable), and five postdiscal, from Rs to CuA 2, in an arch-shaped arrangement.

Male genitalia: Tegumen about two times wider than long in dorsal view, proximal margin with a moderate indentation, median posterior projection very short. Fenestra reduced, triangular. Saccus two times longer than tegumen. Uncus about twice as long as tegumen; base slightly projected above tegumen and distal margin with a short indentation at middle; arms about same thickness, divergent, with a lateral spine at tip. Gnathos arms almost reaching distal margin of uncus. Ampulla as wide as 1/3 valva, broadly disjointed from harpe, slightly narrowing distally, but aligned with dorsal margin of costa, tip curved inward; harpe as long as ampulla, bifid, ventral portion wider than ampulla, dorsal portion narrower, bifid and L-shaped, barely exceeding dorsal margin of ampulla, with short inferior branch. Fultura inferior wide, anterior and ventral projections unpronounced laterally. Aedeagus about straight; distal opening extending to manica insertion; distal portion pointed, narrowed to the right, without spines on lateral margin; cornuti as several short, thin spines.

Female genitalia: Lamella antevaginalis somewhat rectangular, short, narrow, length 1/4 and width 1/3 of lamella postvaginalis. Lamella postvaginallis with a large M-shaped membranous area at center; distal margin with a deep, wide indentation, and two rounded lateral-distal projections, as long as half remaining lamella. Bursa copulatrix about ten times longer than sterigma. Ductus bursae about half bursa copulatrix length, membranous, with a ventral fold near ostium bursae ventrally covered by a sclerotized plate. Papilla analis rectangular, slightly wider than long; apophysis posterior shorter than papilla. Tergum VIII narrow laterally, area before spiracular opening longer than in remaining species.

Type material. Euroto coler Schaus, 1902 was described based on the [holo]type male from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil with wingspan of 25 mm and code number 6019. A male deposited at the USNM has the above data and is here considered the holotype of the species. This specimen has the following labels: / Nova Friburgo, [Rio de Janeiro,] Brazil. / Collection W. Schaus / Euroto coler type Sch [aus] / Type No. 6019 U.S.N.M. / USNM .

Distribution. This species is distributed in the Atlantic Forest biome of southeastern and southern Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina ( Fig. 43 ).

Comments. Sodalia coler is one of the commonest skipper species in the Atlantic Forest biome of southeastern and southern Brazil, in low-elevation areas of the Brazilian Atlantic coast and in the Paraná River drainage to up to 1200 m in the Araucaria Plateau. Records also exist from the Cerrado Biome of São Paulo State and Distrito Federal, Brazil, although it is uncommon in these regions. The distributional range of S. coler in the Atlantic Forest matches that of S. argyrospila , where both species are sympatric with S. sodalis in a narrow zone along the Brazilian Atlantic coast.

Despite the similarities in the wing color pattern with S. sodalis , S. coler shares several characters with S. petiti sp. nov.: the head with two circular areas of compact, iridescent bluish-green scales on frons, separated from each other ventro-medially (these areas are also present on S. spangla , comb. nov. where they are separated dorso-medially); the base of the uncus is slightly projected above the tegumen; the ampulla is as wide as 1/3 of valva’s width, narrowed distally and with an inward curved tip; the harpe is bifid and as long as ampulla, with the ventral portion wider than ampulla and the dorsal portion narrower, bifid and L-shaped, exceeding the dorsal margin of ampulla; the fultura inferior with the anterior and ventral projections unpronounced laterally; and the distal portion of the aedeagus is without lateral spines (as in S. spangla , comb. nov.), and the cornuti are comprised of a multitude of short, thin spines.

Examined material. ARGENTINA: 1 ♂ ( OM 11.832 ) . Misiones — Almirante Brown ( Reserva Yacutinga ) , 2–5.III.2007, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 10 ♂ ( DZ 35.293 , DZ 35.752, DZ 35.742, DZ 35.732, DZ 35.363, DZ 35.353, DZ 35.343, DZ 35.323, DZ 35.313, DZ 10.451*) 3 ♀ ( DZ 35.283 , DZ 35.303 , DZ 35.333 ) , 26.II.2008, Nuñez-Bustos, 1 ♂ ( DZ 15.672 ) . Iguazu, 10.I.2001, Klimaitis leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.702 ), ( Parque Nacional Iguazu ) , 3.XI.2002, D. & J. Lindsley leg. 4 ♂, 2 ♀ ( MGCL) . Monte Carlo, I.1940, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.668 ) . BRAZIL: Distrito Federal— Brasília, H. Ebert leg., 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.566 ), ( Rio Maranhão) , 3.VIII.2001, E. Emery leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 40.071 ) , 23.VII.2002, E. Emery leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 40.061 ), ( Parque do Gama ) , 19.IV.1973, C. Callaghan leg. 2 ♂ ( MGCL) . Espírito Santo — Baixo Guandu , 4.V .1970 , C. & C. T. Elias leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.459 ), 20.VIII.1970, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.430 ) , 4.X.1971, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.521 ) , C. & C. T. Elias leg. Santa Teresa, 10.IX.1966, C. & C. T. Elias leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.788 ) , 26.IX.1966, C. T. Elias leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.618 ) , 9.V .1967 , 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.289 ), 5.VI .1967 , 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.748 ), 15.I.1968, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.738 ) , C. & C. T. Elias leg., 18.I.1968, C. T. Elias leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.598 ) . Minas Gerais — Aimorés , 1.IV.1970, Elias leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.329 ) . Poços de Caldas , 27.V .1969 , H. Ebert leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.848 ). Paracatu (hilltop S of Paracatu) , 18.IV.1973, C. Callaghan leg. 1 ♂ ( MGCL) . Simão Pereira, 14.IV.1972, Mielke & Brown leg., 5 ♀ ( DZ 35.291 , DZ 35.350, DZ 35.369, DZ 35.359, DZ 35.301 ). Paraná — Campo Largo ( Bateias ) , 4.III.2000, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♂ ( OM 51.087 ) 1 ♀ ( OM 51.220 ) . Campo Mourão ( Parque Estadual do Lago Azul ), 600 m , 9– 10.X.2010, Mielke, Dolibaina, Carneiro & Maia leg., 4 ♂ ( DZ 35.543 , DZ 35.413, DZ 35.403, DZ 35.373 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.433 ) . Cândido de Abreu , 10.XII.1994, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1 ♂ ( OM 40.843 ) 1 ♀ ( OM 40.827 ) . Candói ( Parque Estadual de Santa Clara ), 650 m , 27.IV.1987, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.461 , DZ 35.491 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.471 ) , 28.IV.1987, 4 ♂ ( DZ 35.438 , DZ 35.498, DZ 35.458, DZ 35.448 ) , 1.X.1987, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.531 ) , 2.X.1987, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.431 ) , Mielke & Casagrande leg. Cascavel, IX.1985, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.836 , DZ 35.468 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.381 ) . Cerro Azul, 600 m, 28.IX.1985, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.490 ) . Cianorte, 600 m, 9.XII.1975, Moure, Mielke & Wedderhoff leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.455 ) , 9.X.1982, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.588 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.551 ) . Curitiba, 900 m, 24.II.1971, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 27.417 ), (Uberaba—Tirol das Torres ) , 900 m, 2.III.2001, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♂ ( OM 53.365 ) . Fênix, 300 m, 29.IV.1987, 3 ♂ ( DZ 35.376 , DZ 35.518 , DZ 35.336 ) , 3.X.1987, 2 ♀ ( DZ 35.511 , DZ 35.541 ) , 4.X.1987, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.441 ) , Mielke & Casagrande leg. Foz de Iguaçu , 250 m , 4.XII.1966, DZUP leg., 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.312 ) , 7.XII.1966, DZUP leg., 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.322 , DZ 35.292 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.505 ) , 7.XII.1966, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.421 ) , O. Mielke leg., 8.XII.1966, DZUP leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 36 *) , 9.XII.1966, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.470 ) , 10.XII.1966, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.515 , DZ 35.485 ) , 19.XII.1966, 1 ♂ ( DZ 34 *), DZUP leg ., 17.II.1969, Moure & Mielke leg., 6 ♂ ( DZ 35.466 , DZ 35.816, DZ 35.706, DZ 35.666, DZ 35.826, DZ 35.426 ) 6 ♀ ( DZ 35.526 , DZ 35.656, DZ 35.436, DZ 35.446, DZ 35.476, DZ 35.516 ) , 21.VIII.1971, M. Lauterjung leg., 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.390 ) , 17.II.1978, Miel-ke & Miers leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.796 ) , 6.IX.1985, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 8 ♂ ( DZ 35.346 , DZ 35.386, DZ 35.552, DZ 35.562, DZ 35.320, DZ 35.300, DZ 35.488, DZ 35.349 ) 3 ♀ ( DZ 35.330 , DZ 35.480 , DZ 35.560 ), (Parque Na-cional Iguaçu ) , 21–24.IV.1995, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 15 ♂ ( DZ 35.503 , DZ 35.692, DZ 35.682, DZ 35.822, DZ 35.832, DZ 35.652, DZ 35.632, DZ 35.622, DZ 35.612, DZ 35.602, DZ 35.582, DZ 35.572, DZ 35.483, DZ 35.473, DZ 35.463 ) 3 ♀ ( DZ 35.493 , DZ 35.812 , DZ 35.642 ) , 20–26.VIII.2000, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.662 ) . Guaíra, 25.III.1981, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.311 ) , 8.X.1982, O. Mielke leg., 3 ♂ ( DZ 35.568 , DZ 35.768 , DZ 35.638 ) 3 ♀ ( DZ 35.578 , DZ 35.658 , DZ 35.628 ), (Parque Nacional de 7 Quedas ) , 14.II.1978, 4 ♂ ( DZ 35.556 , DZ 35.786, DZ 35.806, DZ 35.726 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.798 ) , 15.II.1978, 5 ♂ ( DZ 35.501 , DZ 35.288, DZ 35.756, DZ 35.746, DZ 35.456 ) 2 ♀ ( DZ 35.736 , DZ 35.278 ) , Mielke & Miers leg. Jundiaí do Sul , 1.V .1987 , Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.481 ). Jussara (Horto—Companhia Melhoramentos do Paraná), 500 m , 12.XII.1975, 4 ♂ ( DZ 35.385 , DZ 35.489, DZ 35.286, DZ 35.276 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.475 ) , 16.XII.1975, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.445 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.405 ) , Moure, Mielke & Wedderhoff leg. Londrina, 600 m, 10.X.1982, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.718 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.778 ) , 30.IX.1983, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.678 , DZ 35.818 ) , 3.I.1985, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.339 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.309 ) , 10.IX.1985, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.326 ) , 25.X.1985, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.500 , DZ 35.510 ) , Mielke & Casa-grande leg. Maringá, 23.I.1971, Becker leg., 3 ♂ ( DZ 35.368 , DZ 35.428 , DZ 35.418 ) 4 ♀ ( DZ 35.348 , DZ 35.408, DZ 35.378, DZ 35.358 ). Morretes ( Alto da Serra ), 800 m , 28.I.1993, 1 ♂ ( OM 33.761 ) 1 ♀ ( OM 33.736 ), ( Morro Alto ) , 400 m, 11.IV.2000, 1 ♂ ( OM 51.648 ) , 14.IV.2000, 1 ♂ ( OM 51.644 ) , 9.IV.2005, 3 ♂ ( DZ 35.672 , DZ 35.722 , DZ 35.712 ) , O. Mielke leg. Paranaguá ( Alexandra ), 10 m , 6.IX.1968, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.469 ) , 12.XII.1968, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.496 , DZ 35.486 ) , 12.IV.1969, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.379 ) , 19.IX.1970, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.380 ) , 15.V .1980 , 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.460 ), O. Mielke leg. Planaltina do Paraná ( RPPN Duas Barras ), 250 m , 10.X.2009, Carneiro, Leite, Dias & Dolibaina leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.302 ) . Ponta Grossa (Piriquitos), 850 m, 31.I.1990, 2 ♂ ( OM 25.019 , OM 25.025 ), ( Vila Velha ) , 900 m, 6.II.1968, 1 ♂ ( DZ 387 *) , 21.III.2002, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.625 , DZ 35.645 ) , 25.IV.2002, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.605 ) , O. Mielke leg. Pontal do Paraná ( Atami ), 10 m , 4.III.1995, 1 ♂ ( OM 40.366 ) , 26.III.1995, 1 ♂ ( OM 40.521 ) , 2.I.1999, 1 ♂ ( OM 49.844 ) , 26–31.XII.2004, 3 ♂ ( DZ 35.852 , DZ 35.762 , DZ 35.842 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.802 ) , 1.I.2006, 1 ♀ ( OM 67.302 ) , 5.II.2008, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.772 ) , 4.I.2017, 1 ♂ ( DZ 40.450 ) , 26.II.2017, 2 ♂ ( DZ 40.430 , DZ 40.440 ) , O. Mielke leg. Roncador (15 Km SW), 600 m , 11.X.2010, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.523 , DZ 35.393 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.383 ), (Unidade de Conserva-ção São Domingos ) , 700 m, 11.X.2010, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.513 ) , Mielke, Dolibaina, Carneiro & Maia leg. São Jorge de Ivaí , 1.XII.1973, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.341 ), ( Copacabana ) , 25.I.1971, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.419 ) , 16.IX.1978, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.561 ) , Furtado leg. São Pedro do Ivaí ( RPPN Barbacena ), 300 m , 8.X.2010, Mielke, Dolibaina, Carneiro & Maia leg., 10 ♂ ( DZ 35.533 , DZ 35.835, DZ 35.595, DZ 35.585, DZ 35.575, DZ 35.845, DZ 35.565, DZ 35.782, DZ 35.792, DZ 35.423 ) , 2.X.2012, Lablep leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.839 ) 2 ♀ ( DZ 35.705 , DZ 35.849 ) 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.805 ) , 9–10.X.2012, Lablep leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.569 ) . Telêmaco Borba ( Reserva Samuel Klabin ) , 6.X.1986, PROFAUPAR leg., 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.280 , DZ 35.340 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.371 ), ( Lagoa ) , 6.II.1994, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1 ♂ ( OM 40.627 ) 1 ♀ ( OM 40.571 ) . Terra Boa (Horto—Companhia Melhoramentos do Paraná), 650 m , 10.XII.1975, Moure, Mielke & Wedderhoff leg., 3 ♂ ( DZ 35.465 , DZ 35.415 , DZ 35.395 ) . Três Barras do Paraná ( Parque Estadual do Rio Guarani ) , 9–10.X.2012, Lablep leg., 13 ♂ ( DZ 35.775 , DZ 35.649, DZ 35.599, DZ 35.589, DZ 35.579, DZ 35.715, DZ 35.685, DZ 35.735, DZ 35.725, DZ 35.765, DZ 35.755, DZ 35.795, DZ 35.785 ), 7 ♀ ( DZ 35.745 , DZ 35.839, DZ 35.639, DZ 35.629, DZ 35.619, DZ 35.609, DZ 35.695 ). Tuneiras do Oeste (Rebio das Perobas) , 8.X.2012, Lablep leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.815 ) . União da Vitória , 750 m , 7.XI.1985, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.549 , DZ 35.539 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.519 ) . Ventania (8 Km N), 1000 m, 8.IX.2007, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.563 ), (12 Km NW) , 1000 m, 30.XI.2008, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.665 ), (12.5 Km N) , 1000 m, 21–22.I.2006, 2 ♀ ( DZ 35.443 , DZ 35.615 ) , 29–30.I.2006, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.453 , DZ 35.635 ) 2 ♀ ( DZ 35.592 , DZ 35.655 ) , 30.XI.2008, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.825 ) , O. Mielke leg. Rio de Janeiro — 1 ♀ ( DZ 35449 ) . Cachoeiras de Macacu , 550 m , 21.I.1996, Mielke & Miers leg., 1 ♀ ( OM 41.966 ), ( Boca do Mato ) , 16.VI .2006 , 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.675 ), 20.III.2009, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.819 ) , Tangerini leg. Duque de Caxias ( Imbariê ), 25 m , 17.XI.1979, H. Ebert leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.366 ) . Itatiaia ( Parque Nacional do Itatiaia ), 900 m , 18.VII.1963, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♀ ( OM 5.141 ), (bamboo forest) , 13–14.I.1973, C. Callaghan leg. 1 ♂ ( MGCL) . Maje (km 20 Rio- Petrópolis Hwy. ) , 2.V .1971 , C. Callaghan leg. 1 ♂ (MGCL). Niterói (São Francisco), 150 m, 1.III.1952, H. Ebert leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.319 ) . Petrópolis ( Alto da Serra ) , 18.II.1962, 1 ♂ ( OM 329 ) , 28.IX.1965, 1 ♂ ( OM 7.587 *) , O. Mielke leg. Rio de Janeiro 8.III.1971, 1 ♂, 27.III.1971, 1 ♂, all C. Callaghan ( MGCL), ( Gávea ) , 1 ♀ ( OM 9.130 ), ( Leblon ) , 17.II.1971, 2 ♂, 5.III.1971, 1 ♂, 28.IV.1971, C. Callaghan leg. 1 ♂; C. Callaghan leg. ( MGCL), ( Morro do Sumaré ) , 9.VII.1968, Brown leg., 1 ♀ ( DZ 35391 ), ( Pão de Açucar ) , 150 m, 3.III.1952, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.728 ) , 8.III.1952, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.808 ) , 5.VI .1952 , 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.279 ), H. Ebert leg. Rio Grande do Sul— Campo Novo , 9.XI.1985, Mielke, Araujo & Casagrande leg., 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.509 , DZ 35.310 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.499 ) . Candelaria, 160 m, 11.II.1976, Mielke & Buzzi leg., 3 ♂ ( DZ 35.296 , DZ 35.676 , DZ 35.316 ) . Derrubadas ( Floresta Estadual do Turvo ) , 10.XI.1985, Mielke, Araujo & Casagrande leg., 3 ♂ ( DZ 35.396 , DZ 35.576 , DZ 35.540 ) 5 ♀ ( DZ 35.846 , DZ 35.520, DZ 35.450, DZ 35.290, DZ 35.529 ). Erechim , 700 m , 8.XI.1985, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.559 ) . Erval Seco ( Rio Guarita ), V .1961, Schaal leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.425 ) . Irai, 25.XI.1969, Schaal leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.299 ) . Pelotas, 27.II.1961, 1 ♀ ( DZ 31.640 *) , 13.IV.1961, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.525 ) , 29.IV.1961, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.495 ) , Bie-zanko leg., 8.IV.1965, Mantovani leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 396 *) . Porto Alegre ( Morro Santana ) , 9.VI .2004 , Iserhard leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.553 ). Santa Maria (Cerrito), 200 m, 10.II.1976, Mielke & Buzzi leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.626 ) 2 ♀ ( DZ 35.586 , DZ 35.708 ) . Santa Catarina — Agrolândia , 23.I.1982, O. Mielke leg., 4 ♂ ( DZ 35.538 , DZ 35.352, DZ 35.338, DZ 35.479 ). Blumenau , 2.III.1973, M. Lauterjung leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.389 ) . Brusque, 2.I.1968, Becker leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.398 ) , 28.XII.1969, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.546 , DZ 35.766 ) , 12.IV.1971, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.400 ) , Becker leg. Camboriú, 27.I.1984, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.688 ) . Enseada, 5.II.1987, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♂ ( OM 51.952 ) . Joinville ( Rio do Julio ), 600 m , 15.III.1987, O. Mielke leg., 2 ♂ ( OM 14.376 , OM 14.377 ), ( Serrinha ) , 10–200 m, 27.III.1970, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.506 ) , 20.XI.1970, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.536 ) , O. Mielke leg., 9.X.1971, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.508 , DZ 35.281 ) , 31.I.1974, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.478 ) , 28.IV.1974, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.321 ) , 8.IX.1977, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.298 ) , 27.V .1978 , 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.698 ), Mielke & Miers leg., 10.X.1982, Miers leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.758 ) , 23.I.1984, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.608 ) , 24.I.1984, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.648 ) , 8.X.1988, 1 ♂ ( OM 18.831 ) , 8.X.1988, 2 ♀ ( OM 18.832 , OM 18.830 ) , Miers & Mielke leg. Florianópolis ( Lagoa do Peri ) , 8.IV.2004, E. Santos leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.809 ) . Joaçaba ( Parque Municipal do Rio do Peixe ) , 6.XII.2016, 1 ♂ E. Or-landin leg ( DZ 40.460 ) , 8.II.2017, 1 ♂ E. Orlandin leg ( DZ 40.510 ) , 15.II.2017, 2 ♂ E. Orlandin leg ( DZ 40.490 , DZ 40.500 ) , 22.III.2017, 2 ♂ E. Orlandin leg ( DZ 40.470 , DZ 40.480 ) . Rio dos Cedros (Alto Rio dos Cedros ), 650 m , 4.II.1972, Lauterjung leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35716 ) . Seara (Nova Teutônia), 700 m , II.1969, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.616 ) , I.1971, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.776 ) , III.1971, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.558 ) , IV.1971, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.548 ) , IX.1971, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.606 ) , IX.1971, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.696 ) , 31.I.1972, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.596 , DZ 35.686 ) , III.1973, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.636 , DZ 35.646 ), VI .1975, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.306 ) , II.1976, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.435 ) , Plaumann leg. Taió, 28.I.1966, O. Mielke leg., 2 ♂ ( OM 9.435 , DZ 35.429 ) 1 ♀ ( OM 8.157 ) . São Paulo — Amparo, 650 m , 20.V .1968 , H. Ebert leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.542 ). Araras, 600 m, 4.I.1966, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.416 ) , 16.I.1966, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.282 ) , 21.IV.1966, 1 ♀ ( DZ 16.739 *) , 19.VI .1966 , 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.532 ), H. Ebert leg., 700 m, 30.V .1975 , C. Callaghan leg. 3 ♂ (MGCL). Campinas, 700 m, 15.I.1977, H. Ebert leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.356 ) , 7.II.1998, Brown leg., 1 ♂ ( OM 49.002 ) . Cordeirópolis, 11.VIII.1963, H. Ebert leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.399 ) . Jundiaí ( Serra do Japi ) , 9.III.1990, 1 ♂ ( OM 24.805 ) , 5.V .1990 , 1 ♀ ( OM 25.694 ), Brown leg. Lins, 21.V .1941 , G. Haibinol leg., 1 ♂ ( OM 12.089 ). Paraibuna, 650 m, 9.VII.1965, H. Ebert leg., 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.550 , DZ 35.512 ) . Teodoro Sampaio ( Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo ), 600 m , 22–25.X.1987, 1 ♀ ( OM 18.070 *) , 25.X.1987, 1 ♂ ( OM 18.071 ) , 17.VIII.1989, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.442 , DZ 35.332 ) , 19.VIII.1989, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.432 , DZ 35.382 ) , 5.XII.1989, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.422 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 27.577 ) , 6.XII.1989, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.362 ) , 7.XII.1989, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.412 ) , 8.XII.1989, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.452 ) , 20.II.1990, 1 ♀ ( DZ 31.371 ) , 21.II.1990, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.472 ) , 22.II.1990, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.492 ) , 23.II.1990, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.482 ) 2 ♀ ( DZ 35.392 , DZ 35.372 ) , 5.V .1990 , 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.462 ), 18.III.1991, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.402 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35342 ) , Mielke & Casagrande leg. Rio Claro , 600 m , 11.II.1962, 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.828 ) , 28.X.1962, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.406 ) , 26.V .1963 , 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.522 ), 23.VI .1963 , 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.409 ), 27.VIII.1963, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.530 ) , H. Ebert leg. PARA-GUAY: Alto Paraná — Ciudad del Este (50 Km W) , 14.I.1982, O. Mielke leg., 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.439 ) . Itakyry — General Dias, 400 m, 15.I.1980, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.401 ) 3 ♀ ( DZ 35.528 , DZ 35.502 , DZ 35.388 ) , 16.I.1980, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.318 , DZ 35.360 ) , 17.I.1980, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.351 , DZ 35.370 ) , 18.I.1980, 2 ♂ ( DZ 35.328 , DZ 35.361 ) , 19.I.1980, 1 ♂ ( DZ 35.410 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.331 ) , 20.I.1980, 4 ♂ ( DZ 35.308 , DZ 35.420, DZ 35.838, DZ 35.451 ) 1 ♀ ( DZ 35.440 ) , Mielke & Miers leg.

Figures

FIGURE 43. Geographic distribution of Sodalia sodalis and Sodalia coler.

FIGURES 1–18. Habitus of species of Sodalia, males (left) and females (right). 1–4. S. sodalis, 1–2. Male from Santo Antônio do Tauá, Pará, Brazil (DZ 35.537), 3–4. Female from Cacaulândia, Rôndonia, Brazil (OM 21.494). 5–8. S. argyrospila, 5–6. Male from Antonina, Paraná, Brazil (OM 14.223), 7–8. Female from Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil (OM 25.358). 9–12. S. coler, 9–10. Male from Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 35.842), 11–12. Female from Seara, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 35.696). 13–16. S. petiti sp. nov., 13–14. Male holotype from Alluriquin, Ecuador (OM 52.619). 15–16. Female allotype from Alluriguin, Ecuador (DZ 31.487). 17–18. S. spangla comb. nov., male from Oso Perdido, Amazonas, Peru (OM 83.945). Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIGURES 19–23. Head of species of Sodalia in antero-dorsal view. 19. S. sodalis, male from Santo Antônio do Tauá, Pará, Brazil (DZ 31.331). 20. S. argyrospila, male from Antonina, Paraná, Brazil (OM 14.223). 21. S. coler, male from Agrolândia, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 35.352). 22. S. petiti sp. nov., male holotype. 23. S. spangla comb. nov., male from Oso Perdido, Amazonas, Peru (OM 83.945). Arrows indicate areas of frons with iridescent bluish-green. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 24–28. Head and thorax of species of Sodalia in dorsal view. 24. S. sodalis, male from Yavita, Amazonas, Venezuela (OM 39.809). 25. S. argyrospila, male from Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 35.654). 26. S. coler, male from Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 35.842). 27. S. petiti sp. nov., male holotype. 28. S. spangla comb. nov., male from Oso Perdido, Amazonas, Peru (OM 83.945). Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 29–33. Forewing brands of male Sodalia. 29. S. sodalis, from Yavita, Amazonas, Venezuela (OM 39.809). 30. S. argyrospila, from Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 35.654). 31. S. coler, from Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil (DZ 35.842). 32. S. petiti sp. nov., paratype from Tinalândia, Alluriquin, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador (OM 52.619). 33. S. spangla comb. nov., from Oso Perdido, Amazonas, Peru (OM 83.945). Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 36–38. Male genitalia of Sodalia. 36. S. coler, from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (DZ 396). 37. S. petiti sp. nov., paratype from Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador (OM 33.708). 38. S. spangla comb. nov., from Oso Perdido, Amazonas, Peru (OM 83.645). Structures and views as described in the legend of figures 34–35. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 39–42. Female genitalia of Sodalia. 39. S. sodalis, from Tingo Maria, Huánuco, Peru (DZ 31.675). 40. S. argyrospila, from Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil (OM 15.992). 41. S. coler, from Seara, Santa Catarina, Brazil (DZ 35.306). 42. S. petiti sp. nov., paratype from La Palma, Alluriquin, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador (DZ 35.375). Top to bottom: lateral view of tergum VIII, posterior apophysis, stergima, papilla analis and part of the ductus bursae; ventral view of the sterigma and bursa copulatrix. Scale bar: 1 mm.