Daphniidae Straus, 1820

Escalante, Patricio De Los Rios & Kotov, Alexey A., 2015, A checklist of Branchiopoda (Anostraca and Cladocera) of Chilean continental waters, Zootaxa 4027 (3), pp. 366-388 : 368-371

Family Daphniidae Straus, 1820

(12) Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894 . Villarica lake ( Daday 1902); Pocuro (32° 53' S, 70° 38' W), Pichilafquén lagoon (39° 13' S; 72° 07' W), Quillelhue lagoon (39° 33'; 71° 32' W), Villarrica lake (39° 16' S; 72° 07' W), Puyehue lake (40° 39' S; 72° 30' W) ( Löffler 1961); Yeso reservoir (33° 39' S; 70° 07' W) ( Pezzani-Hernández 1970); Plateado reservoir (33° 04' S; 71° 39' W) ( Domíngez & Zúñiga 1976; Ruiz & Bahamonde 1989); Rapel reservoir (34° 10'S; 71° 29' W) ( Zúñiga & Araya 1982); Valparaiso (33° 04' S; 71° 38' W), Puerto Montt (41° 23' W; 72° 56' W) ( Berrios & Sielfeld 2000); Peñuelas lagoon (33° 09' S; 71° 32' W), Orozco reservoir (33° 14' S; 71° 25' W), El Peral lagoon (33° 30' S; 71° 35' W), Negra lagoon (33° 39' S; 70° 08' W), Aculeo lagoon (33° 50' S; 70° 55' W), Lanalhue lake (37° 55' S; 73° 19' W), Lleulleu lake (38° 08' S; 73° 19' W), Caburgua lake (39° 07'S; 71° 47' W), Calafquén lake (39° 31' S; 72° 08' W), Panguipulli lake (39° 41'S; 72° 15' W), Neltume lake (39° 47' S; 71° 59' W), Pirihueico lake (39° 56' S; 71° 48' W), Rupanco lake (40° 49' S, 72° 30' W), Atravezado lake (45° 45' S; 72° 54' W), Lynch lagoon (53° 58' S; 69° 27' W) ( Araya & Zúñiga 1985); Natri lake (42°47' S; 73°50' W), Tepuhueico lake (42°37' S; 73°58' W), Huillinco lake (42° 40' S; 73°57' W) ( Villalobos et al. 2003b); Paso (51° 02' S; 72° 55' W), Redonda (51° 02' S; 72° 55' W), Larga (51° 02' S; 72° 55' W) (Soto & De los Ríos 2006); Conchi reservoir (22°00' S; 68° 35' W) ( De los Ríos et al. 2010); Puaucho pools (38°57' S; 73°19' W), Tinquilco lake (39°19' S; 71° 43' W), Pools at Cañi Park (39°15' S; 71° 42' W) ( De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2010); De los Sapos lagoon (45° 32'; 72° 02'W) ( De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2014). A widely distributed group which needs in a global revision, because most probably represents a group of close species.

Ceriodaphnia dubia acuminata Ekman, 1900 . Estancia Kark (51° 13' S 72° 27' W) ( Ekman 1900). This taxon needs to be revised. It could be a valid name for a dubia -like taxon from South America.

Ceriodaphnia limicola Ekman, 1900 . Estancia Kark (51° 13' S 72° 27' W), Morro Chico (52° 05' S; 71° 22' W), Rio Rubens (52° 04' S; 71° 22' W) ( Ekman 1900). It is regarded as a junior synonym of C. dubia (see Harding 1955; Löffler 1961; Flösner 1972), but after a global revision of the latter et al. it could be accepted as a valid species.

(13) Ceriodaphnia quadrangula ( O.F. Müller, 1785) s.lat. Punta Arenas (53° 09' S; 70° 55' W) ( Vávra 1900; Berrios & Sielfeld 2000). A member of cosmopolitan species group needs a global revision.

(14) Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) chilensis ( Hann, 1986) (described as Daphniopsis chilensis Hann, 1986 ). Pond at Licancabur volcano ( Hann 1986; Kotov et al. 2010). Listed for Chile by Villalobos (2006). A micro-endemic of a single locality ( Benzie 2005; Kotov et al. 2010).

(15) Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) dadayana Paggi, 1999 (syn. D. sarsi Ekman, 1902 ). Cisnes (51° 02'; 72° 55' W) ( Villalobos 1994); Balmaceda pools (45° 53' S; 71° 40' W), Isidoro lagoon (50° 57' S; 72° 53' W), Don Alvaro lagoon (51° 01' S; 72° 52' W), Monserrat lagoon (51° 07' S; 72 °47' W), Vega del Toro pools (51° 07' S; 72° 40' W), Kon Aikén pools (52° 50' S; 71° 10' W), Porvenir pool (52° 50' S; 70° 10' W) ( De los Ríos 2005); Juncos (51° 01' S; 72° 52' W), Jovito (51° 02' S; 72° 54' W), Paso (51° 02' S; 72° 55' W), Redonda (51° 02' S; 72° 55' W), Larga (51° 02' S; 72° 55' W), Cisnes (51° 02', 72° 55' W) (Soto & De los Ríos 2006). Listed for Chile by Villalobos (2006). It is distributed only in southern portion of South America ( Benzie 2005).

(16) Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) exilis Herrick, 1895 . Huechún reservoir (33º 04' S; 70º 48' W) (Heine Fuster et al., 2010). This population in Chile is regarded as a result of invasion by Heine-Fuster et al. (2010), but it could be wrong, because in reality "aborigenous" D. exilis is also present in South America (jun. syn. D. spinulata Birabén, 1917 ) ( Adamowicz et al. 2009). Also other undescribed species, similar to D. similis Claus, 1876 , is present in South America ( Adamowicz et al. 2009; Popova & Kotov 2013).

(17) Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) paggii Kotov, Sinev & Berrios, 2010 . Salar de Lagunillas (19° 59' S; 68° 54' W) (Kotov et al. 2010). At this moment, is could be regarded as a micro-endemic, inhabiting a single water body (Kotov et al. 2010), but this opinion could be changed after further studies in the Andean highlands.

Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) sarsi Ekman, 1902 . Jun. syn. of Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) dadayana Paggi, 1999 .

(18) Daphnia (Daphnia) ambigua Scourfield, 1947 . Puyehue lake (40° 39' S; 72° 30' W), Bonita lagoon (40° 53' S; 72° 54' W ( Löffler 1961); Valparaiso (33° 04' S; 71° 38' W), Puerto Montt (41° 28' S; 72° 56' W) ( Berrios & Sielfeld 2000); Plateado reservoir (33° 04' S; 71° 39' W), Peñuelas lagoon (33° 09' S; 71° 32' W), Orozco reservoir (33° 14' S; 71° 25' W), Yeso reservoir (33° 39' S; 70° 07' W), Negra lagoon (33° 39' S; 70° 08' W), Lanalhue lake (37° 55' S; 73° 19' W), Caburgua lake (39° 07' S; 71° 47' W), Villarrica lake (39° 31' S; 72° 08' W), Pellaifa lake (39° 36' S; 71° 57' W), Panguipulli lake (39° 41' S; 72° 15' W), Neltume lake (39° 47' S; 71° 59' W), Riñihue lake (39° 49' S; 72° 19' W), Pirihueico lake (39° 56' S; 71° 48' W), Ranco lake (40° 12' S; 72° 22' W) ( Araya & Zúñiga, 1985; Ruiz & Bahamonde 1989); Rapel (34° 10' S; 71° 29' W), La Luz (33° 08' S; 71° 25' W), Palmas (33° 32' S; 71° 25' W), Calafquen (39° 31' S; 72° 08' W) ( Villalobos 1994); Natri Lake, Chiloé Island (42° 47'S, 73° 49'W) ( Hebert et al. 2003); Verde I lagoon (41°58' S; 71° 52' W), Chacano lagoon (46°10' S; 72°11' W), Tamango lagoon (46° 11' S; 72° 08' W), lagoon close to General Carrera lake (46° 11' S; 72° 07' W), Laparent lagoon (46° 14' S; 72° 14' W), Verde II lagoon (45° 32' S; 72° 01' W), Riesco lake (45° 28' S; 72° 43' W) ( De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2014); El Plateado reservoir (33° 04' S; 71° 39' W) ( Ramos-Jiliberto & Zúñiga 2001); wetland at Tagua Tagua park (41°44' S; 72°12' W), Alerces lagoon (41° 43' S; 72° 10' W) ( De los Ríos-Escalante & Acevedo 2014). Listed for Chile by Villalobos (2006). This taxon is widely distributed in the Americas ( Benzie 2005).

(19) Daphnia (Daphnia) cavicervix Ekman, 1900 . Morro Chico (52° 05' S; 71° 22' W), Rio Rubens (52° 0 4 S; 71° 22' W) ( Ekman 1900); Km 146 of the highway 9, Morro Chico (52° 05' S; 71° 22' W) ( Kotov & Gololobova 2005). Endemic of southernmost portion of South America, definitively different from all pulex - and pulicaria -like taxa in Adamowicz et al. (2004).

(20) Daphnia (Daphnia) commutata Ekman, 1900 . Laguna de Mayer (48° 13' S; 72° 16' W) ( Ekman 1900; Ruiz & Bahamonde 1989); Cisnes (51° 02' S; 72° 55' W), Chiguay (45° 56' S; 71° 50' W) ( Villalobos 1994); "Probably in Chile " ( Berrios & Sielfeld 2000). Listed for Chile by Villalobos (2006). It is also an endemic species from southern portion of South America, belonging to the D. obtusa group. Most probably, one of obtusa -like taxa revealed by Adamowicz et al. (2004) could be associated with it.

(21) Daphnia (Daphnia) obtusa Kurz, 1874 s.lat. Punta Arenas (53° 09' S; 70° 55' W) ( Vávra 1900); Laguna de los Patos Bravos (53° 09' S; 70° 57' W), Frutillar (41° 07' S; 73° 06' W), Talcahuano (36° 43' S; 76° 47' W) ( Vávra 1900; Ruiz & Bahamonde 1989); Del Inca lagoon (32° 49' S; 70° 09' W); Roca Lake and unknown localities, Tierra del Fuego ( Villalobos 1994; Villalobos & Geller 1997); "Talcahuano (36° 43' S; 76° 47' W) a Punta Arenas (53° 09' S; 70° 55' W)" ( Berrios & Sielfeld 2000). Listed for Chile by Villalobos (2006). There are many clades of obtusa - like taxa in South America ( Adamowicz et al. 2009; Kotov & Taylor 2010), they need to be revised.

Daphnia (Daphnia) obtusa latipalpa Moiniez, 1888 . Lunache (= Limache, 32° 59' S; 71° 17' W) ( Richard 1897). It could be a valid obtusa -like taxon. My be, one of the obtusa -like taxa revealed by Adamowicz et al. (2004) could be assocated with it.

(22) Daphnia (Daphnia) peruviana Harding, 1955 . Parinacota ( Villalobos 1994); Pond in Parinacota marsh ( Kořínek & Villalobos 2003). Listed for Chile by Villalobos (2006). Andean endemic.

(23) Daphnia (Daphnia) pulicaria Forbes, 1893 s.lat. No records in Chilean literature, but it is present in Chile (AAK, unpublished). Most probably, they are identical to D. " pulicaria " in Adamowicz et al. (2002, 2004), definitively not identical to European D. pulicaria s.str.

(24) Daphnia (Daphnia) pulex ( De Geer, 1778) s.lat. Chungará (18° 14' S; 69° 09' W) ( Domínguez 1973); Negra lagoon (33° 39' S; 70° 08' W), Riñihue lake (39° 49' S; 72° 19' W), Pirihueico lake (39° 56' S; 71° 48' W), Ranco lake (40° 12' S; 72° 22' W), Rupanco lake (40° 49' S, 72° 30' W), Todos los Santos lake (41° 06' S; 72° 15' W), Polux lake (45° 43' S; 71° 53' W) ( Araya & Zúñiga 1985); Llanquihue lake (41° 07' S; 72° 50' W) ( Löffler 1961); lakes of Tierra del Fuego ( Villalobos 1994); Tarahuin lake (42° 43' S; 73° 45' W), ( Villalobos et al. 2003b); Conchi reservoir (22° 00' S; 68° 35' W) ( De los Ríos et al. 2010); Negrita (39° 15’ S; 71° 42’W), Escondida (39° 15' S; 71° 42' W), Vaca Hundida (39° 15' S; 71° 42' W) ( De los Ríos & Roa 2010); Puaucho pools (38° 57' S; 73° 19' W), Tinquilco lake (39° 19' S; 71° 43' W), Pools at Cañi Park (39° 15' S; 71° 42' W) ( De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2010); Balmaceda pools (45° 53' S; 71° 44' W) ( De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2014); Chiguay lagoon (45° 59' S; 71° 52' W) ( De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2014); Salar de Huasco (20º 18' S; 68º 50' W) (Kotov et al. 2010). Listed for Chile by Villalobos (2006). Aforementioned determinations seem to be very dubious: there are many pulex and pulicaria - like taxa in South America ( Adamowicz et al. 2004; Aguilera et al. 2007; Mergeay et al. 2008), including "European" D. pulex ( Crease et al. 2012) , and previous authors most probably put all them to " D. pulex ". There is a chance that some obtusa -like taxa are also there. Numerous Chilean populations must be accurately revised. A global revision of the pulex -group worldwide is also urgently needed ( Kotov & Taylor 2010; Kotov 2015).

(25) Scapholeberis kingi Sars, 1888 s.lat. Lago Pellaifa (39° 30' S; 71° 57' W) ( Thomasson 1963; Ruiz & Bahamonde 1989; Berrios & Sielfeld 2000). Listed for Chile by Villalobos (2006). Somewhat dubious determination, we believe it is S. cf. rammneri Dumont & Pensaert, 1983 , which is present in the Neotropics, while S. kingi is present in Old Word only.

(26) Scapholeberis spinifera ( Nicolet, 1849) (described as Daphnia spinifera Nicolet, 1849 ). San Carlos (36° 25' S; 71° 58' W) ( Dumont & Pensaert 1983); Pocuro (32° 53' S, 70° 38' W), Ranco lake (40° 12' S; 72° 22' W), Calafquén lake (39° 31' S; 72° 08' W), Panguipulli lake (39° 41' S; 72° 15' W), Pellaifa lake (39° 30' S; 71° 57' W) ( Löffler 1961); Riñihue lake (39° 49' S; 72° 19' W) (Campos et al. 1974), Caburgua lake (39° 07' S; 71° 47' W), Pichilafquén lagoon (39° 13' S; 72° 12' W), Neltume lake (39° 47' S; 71° 59' W) ( Araya & Zúñiga 1985; Ruiz & Bahamonde 1989); Valdivia (39° 48' S; 73° 14' W) ( Berrios & Sielfeld 2000); Los Patos pond (39° 10' S; 71° 42' W) ( De los Ríos et al. 2007); Sargazo lake (41° 30' S; 72° 46' W); Pool close to Sargazo lake (41° 30' S; 72° 37' W), Triangulo lake (41° 35' S; 72° 32' W) ( De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2012); Chacano lagoon (46° 10' S; 72° 11' W), lagoon close to General Carrera lake (46° 10' S; 72° 10' W); De los Sapos lagoon (45° 32' S; 72° 02' W) ( De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2014); Morro Chico (52° 05' S; 71° 22' W) ( Kotov & Gololobova 2005). Endemic of southern portion of South America ( Dumont & Pensaert 1983).

Scapholeberis obtusa in Vávra, 1900. This is an erroneous "taxon", Vávra (1900) probably meant Daphnia obtusa .

Scapholeberis spinifera var. brevispina Richard, 1897 . San Carlos de Chiloe (= Ancud, 41° 52' S; 73° 50' W) ( Richard 1897); Morro Chico (52° 05' S; 71° 22' W), Mayer (48° 13' S; 72° 16' W), Rio Rubens (52° 0 4 S; 71° 22' W) ( Ekman 1900). Its differences from S. spinifera are dubious, but this taxon needs to be revised.

Simocephalus congener (Koch, 1841) . Peña Blanca, Quilpué (33° 07' S; 71° 14' W); Punta Arenas (53° 09' S; 70° 55' W) ( Vávra 1900). Dubious record for Chile.

(27) Simocephalus exspinosus ( De Geer, 1778) s.lat. (Described as Daphnia exspinosa ( De Geer, 1778) . Riñihue lake (39° 49' S; 72° 19' W) (Campos et al. 1974); Peñuelas lagoon (33° 09' S; 71° 32' W), El Peral (33° 30' S; 71° 35' W) ( Araya & Zúñiga 1985; Ruiz & Bahamonde 1989); Valparaiso (33° 04' S; 71° 38' W) ( Berrios & Sielfeld 2000). Orlova-Bienkowskaja (2001) has no material from the Americas, but she concluded that there is a single widely distributed species worldwide. This opinion needs to be re-checked. Remember that Simocephalus iheringi Richard, 1897 was described from Brazil, and it was regarded as a junior synonym of S. daphnoides Herrick, 1883 ( Orlova-Bienkowskaja 2001; Kotov & Ferrari 2010). This taxon is present in South America and Chilean populations could belong to it.

Simocephalus inflatus Vávra, 1900 . Valdivia (39° 49' S; 73° 15' W) ( Vávra 1900; Ruiz & Bahamonde 1989; Berrios & Sielfeld 2000). Orlova-Bienkowskaja (2001) regarded it as a junior synonym of S. serrulatus . But it could be an independent taxon from the serrulatus -group.

(28) Simocephalus serrulatus (Koch, 1841) s.lat. (described as Daphnia serrulatus Koch, 1841 ). Peñuelas lagoon (33° 09' S; 71° 32' W) ( Araya & Zúñiga 1985; Ruiz & Bahamonde 1989); Valparaiso (33° 04' S; 71° 38' W) ( Berrios & Sielfeld 2000); Los Patos pool (39°10' S; 71° 42' W) ( De los Ríos et al. 2010); lagoon close to General Carrera lake (46°10' S: 72°11' W); De los Sapos lagoon (45°32'; 72°02'W) ( De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2014). See S. inflatus .

(29) Simocephalus vetulus ( O.F. Müller, 1776) s.lat. (described as Daphne vetula O.F. Müller,1776 , syn. Simosa vetula ). Rio Rubens (52° 04' S; 71° 22' W) ( Ekman 1900); Chungará (18° 14' S; 69° 09' W) ( Domínguez 1973; Araya & Zúñiga 1985; Ruiz & Bahamonde 1989); "Chungara (18° 14' S; 69° 09' W) a Valparaiso (33° 04' S; 71° 38' W)" ( Berrios & Sielfeld 2000); Salar de Huasco (20º 18' S; 68º 50' W) (Kotov et al. 2010); Morro Chico (52° 05' S; 71° 22' W) ( Kotov & Gololobova 2005). Orlova-Bienkowskaja (2001) did not have material from South America, but S. cf. vetulus is present there (Kotov et al. 2010). Apparently Chilean populations need to be checked morphologically and genetically keeping in mind existence of numerous vetulus -like taxa in the world ( Huang et al. 2014).