Panthea, Hubner, 1820

Anweiler, Gary G., 2009, Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies, ZooKeys 9 (9), pp. 97-134 : 100-102

Key to the New World Panthea

1 Antenna bipectinate (male)......................................................................... 2

– Antenna simple (female) (Note: female of P. reducta unknown) ............... 12

2 Hindwing black except fringe, scales tiny, hair-like exposing membrane, appearing glassy (label can be read through wing); Caribbean: Hispaniola ( Fig. 3 ).......................................................................................... P. reducta

– Hindwing with white scales, or if without white scales dark scales not greatly reduced, wing opaque ................................................................................. 3

3 Small (FW length 14-15 mm); wing pattern blurred or appearing out of focus; uncus obsolete ( Fig. 45 ); aedeagus without sclerotized cornuti, but armed with patch of many soft fleshy-appearing spines ( Figs. 1 , 45 ) ............. .................................................................................................. P. apanthea

– Larger (FW length 16 mm or more); wings with lines clear, contrasting; uncus present; aedeagus armed with 1-2 large sclerotized cornuti ( Figs. 46-57 )....... 4

4 Terminus of uncus bifurcate ( Fig. 48 ) .......................................... P. gigantea

– Terminus of uncus not bifurcate; square, rounded or pointed ( Figs. 46, 47, 49-57 ) ........................................................................................................ 5

5 Everted vesica long, narrow, 3-5 × long as wide ( Figs. 54-56 )...................... 6

– Everted vesica short, bulbous, 1-2 × long as wide ( Figs. 46-53 ) ................... 8

6 Vesica with large bent or curved terminal cornutus ( Fig. 56 ); sw USA.......... ......................................................................................................... P. greyi

– Vesica with large straight terminal cornutus ( Figs. 54-55 ); eastern USA and Canada....................................................................................................... 7

7 Vesica with second smaller cornutus near base of vesica ( Figs. 55, 57 ), southeastern USA ( Fig. 71 ) .................................................... P. furcilla australis

– Vesica without second cornutus ( Fig. 54 ); eastern USA and Canada ( Fig. 71 ) (Note: specimens from zone where furcilla and australis meet show intermediate characters) ............................................................... P. furcilla furcilla

8 Vesica with large curved claw-like basal cornutus and finger-like diverticulum with a small straight terminal cornutus ( Fig. 50 )..................... P. virginarius

– Vesica without finger-like diverticulum ( Figs. 46-49 ) (Note: some specimens of virginarius from Wyoming and southern Idaho may have a greatly reduced diverticulum with a very small or obsolete spine) ( Fig. 51 ).......................... 9

9 Vesica with two large, curved, approximately equal-sized cornuti ( Fig. 59 ) ... ................................................................................................ P. guatemala

– Vesica with two prominent cornuti, one much smaller in size ( Figs. 46 ; 52- 53 )............................................................................................................ 10

10 Vesica with one short curved cornutus and one long, thin, straight or recurved cornutus; clasper simple, not scoop-shaped or forked ( Figs. 52-53 ) 11

– Vesica with large basal and small terminal cornutus; large scoop-shaped clasper ( Fig. 46 ) ............................................................................. P. judyae

11 Wings with prominent white areas ( Figs. 36-38 ); eastern and boreal North America ( Fig. 71 ).......................................... P. acronyctoides acronyctoides

– Wings without prominent white areas, or if white area present, confined to small areas of outer edge of FW postmedian line and anal angle of HW ( Figs. 40-43 ); Rocky Mountains and foothills ( Fig. 71 ) ........................... .................................................................................. P. acronyctoides nigra

12 Sterigma vestigial or obsolete ( Fig. 58 ); sw USA......................... P. apanthea

– Sterigma well developed ( Figs. 59-68 )....................................................... 13

13 Corpus bursae with thick-walled opaque upper and thin-walled translucent lower sections ( Figs. 65-68 )....................................................................... 14

– Corpus bursae single, an oval or oblong, thin-walled translucent sac ( Figs. 59-64 ) ...................................................................................................... 16

14 Ductus bursae narrow, finely folded or “corrugated,” expanding abruptly to corpus bursae ( Figs. 65-67 ); eastern USA and Canada.............................. 15

– Ductus bursae wider, with large folds, widening gradually and with folds extending onto upper section of corpus bursae ( Fig. 68 ); sw USA ( Fig. 71 )...... ......................................................................................................... P. greyi

15 Ductus bursae strap-like, few twists and folds ( Fig. 67 ); east and se USA ( Fig. 71 )......................................................................... P. furcilla australis

– Ductus bursae not strap-like, with many finer “corrugated” folds ( Fig. 65 ); northeastern USA and Canada ( Fig. 71 ) (Note: specimens of ssp. australis and furcilla show intermediate characters where the ranges meet) ........................ ........................................................................................ P. furcilla furcilla

16 Sterigma massive, heavily sclerotized ( Figs. 58-61 ).................................... 17

– Sterigma not massive, only moderately sclerotized ( Figs. 62-64 ) ............... 19

17 Ductus bursae heavily sclerotized to or almost to corpus bursae ( Fig. 61 )...... ................................................................................................ P. guatemala

– Ductus bursae with heavily sclerotized part extending no more than half way to corpus bursae ( Figs. 59-60 )................................................................... 18

18 Ductus bursae between sterigma and corpus bursae narrow; corpus bursae tear-drop or oval shape ( Fig. 59 ); FW length less than 25 mm ....... P. judyae

– Ductus bursae below sterigma wide; corpus bursae oblong ( Fig. 60 ); FW length greater than 25 mm .......................................................... P. gigantea

19 Ductus bursae slightly curved, smooth, with expanded rim at ostium ( Figs. 63-64 ) ..................................................................................................... 20

– Ductus bursae straight, wrinkled, without expanded rim at ostium ( Fig. 62 ) ............................................................................................... P. virginarius

20 Wings with prominent white areas ( Figs. 36-38 ); eastern and boreal North America ( Fig. 72 ) ......................................... P. acronyctoides acronyctoides

– Wings without prominent white areas ( Figs. 40-43 ); Rocky Mountains and foothills ( Fig. 69 ) (Note: specimens of acronyctoides show intermediate characters in central Alberta) ........................................... P. acronyctoides nigra

Figures

Figures 1-11. Panthea adults 1. P. apanthea ♁ holotype, White Mountains, AZ, USA; 2. P. apanthea ♀, Coconino Co., AZ, USA; 3. P. reducta ♁ holotype, Pedemales N.P., DR; 4. P. judyae ♁, Grant Co., NM, USA; 5. P. judyae ♀, Cochise Co., AZ, USA; 6. P. gigantea ♁ neotype, Larimer Co., CO, USA; 7. P. gigantea ♀,Grant Co., NM, USA; 8. P. gigantea ♁, Durango, MEX; 9. P. gigantea ♀, Chihuahua, MEX; 10. P. guatemala ♁ holotype, San Lorenzo, GUA; 11. P. guatemala ♀, Oaxaca, MEX.

Figures 44-49. Panthea male genitalia 44. Lichnoptera decora, Queretero, MEX; 45. P. apanthea, El Paso Co., CO., USA; 46. P. judyae Grant Co., NM, USA; 47. P.reducta, Pedemales, DR; 48. P.gigantea, El Dorado Co., CA., USA, a. tip of uncus; 49. P. guatemala, Oaxaca MEX., a. tip of uncus, Oaxaca, b. tip of uncus, Chiapas, MEX.

Figures 50-57. Panthea male genitalia 50. P. virginarius, Josephine Co. OR., USA; 51. P. virginarius Wyoming variant, Lincoln Co., WY., USA; 52. P. acronyctoides nigra, Albany Co., WY, USA; 53. P. a. acronyctoides, Steuben, ME, USA; 54. P. furcilla furcilla, Norfolk Co., MA., USA; 55. P.furcilla australis, Whitfield Co., GA.USA; 56. Panthea f.furcilla - f. australis intermediate specimens, showing variation in size of basal cornuti; a. P.G. Co., MD; b, c. Owsley Co., KY; d. Elko Co., PA. 57. P. greyi. Coconino Co., AZ, USA.

Fig. 71. Distribution of examined specimens of P. furcilla and P. greyi.

Figures 58-68. Panthea female genitalia 58. P. apanthea, Coconino Co, AZ. USA; 59. P. judyae, Chihuahua, MEX; 60. P. gigantea, Chihuahua, MEX; 61. P. guatemala, Oaxaca, MEX; 62. P. virginarius, Missoula Co., MT., USA; 63. P.acronyctoides nigra, Teller Co., CO., USA;. 64. P. a. acronyctoides, Ashland Co., WI, USA; 65. P. f.furcilla, Windham Co., CT, USA; 66. P. f.furcilla-f. nigra intermediate, Dauphin Co., PA., USA; 67. P. furcilla australis, Whitfield Co., GA, USA; 68. Panthea greyi, Apache Co., AZ., USA.

Figures 28-43. Panthea adults 28. P. virginarius ♁, Nevada Co., CA, USA; 29. P. virginarius ♀, Waterton Lk. N.P, AB, CAN; 30. P. virginarius, ♁, LA Co., CA, USA; 31. P. virginarius ♀, Monterey Co, CA, USA; 32. P. virginarius ♁, Lincoln Co., WY, USA; 33. P. virginarius ♀, Cowlitz Co., WA, USA; 34. P. virginarius ♁ - holotype of suffusa, Barriere, BC, CAN; 35. P. viginarius, Vavenby, BC, CAN; 36. P. a. acronyctoides ♁ Edmonton, AB, CAN; 37. P. a. acronyctoides, ♁ holotype of albosuffusa, Queen’s Co., NS, CAN; 38. P.a. acronyctoides ♁, Penobscot, ME, USA; 39. P. a. acronyctoides – a. nigra intermediate, Edmonton, AB, CAN; 40. P. a. nigra ♁ holotype, Gilpin Co., CO., USA; 41. P. a. nigra ♁, Jasper N.P., AB, CAN; 42. P. a. nigra ♁, Grand Co., CO, USA; 43. P. a. nigra ♀, Grand Co. CO, USA.

Fig. 72. Distribution of examined specimens of P. acronyctoides.

Fig. 69. Distribution of examined specimens of P. virginarius, P. apanthea and P. judyae.