Euphoria verticalis Horn, 1880

Orozco, Jesús, 2012, Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66, pp. 1-182 : 105

Euphoria verticalis Horn, 1880

(Appendix 4: Fig. 60 )

Euphoria verticalis Horn 1880: 400 . Original combination.

Lectotype at MCZ here designated. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.

Description (n = 222). Length 10.6–13.3 mm; width 6.5–8.4 mm. Color: Dorsal and ventral surfaces entirely shiny black or reddish brown. Head: Frons strongly strigose to densely punctate, punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, frequently coalescent, glabrous to weakly setose; setae short to moderate, tawny. Frons rarely depressed, with moderately to well developed basomedial protuberance. Clypeus glabrous, strongly strigose to densely punctate, punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, frequently coalescent; surface dorsally depressed in anterolateral area; apex emarginate, with 2 strongly reflexed, anterolateral, moderate sized teeth. Labium thickened anteriorly. Pronotum: Surface glabrous, moderately densely to densely punctate, punctures lunulate, sides anteriorly with short rugae. Sides evenly rounded from base to apex; lateral line deeply impressed, continuous from apex to base. Base in front of scutellum evenly rounded. Elytra: Surface glabrous, densely punctate, punctures moderate in size, lunulate. Striae with 2–3 rows of punctures. Costae subobsolete to moderately developed. Apex strongly rounded. Pygidium: Surface glabrous, moderately to strongly striate, striae weakly to moderately impressed, discontinuous, subconcentric, frequently polished at middle. Legs: Protibiae not sexually dimorphic; teeth perpendicular, subequal in size, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth. Metafemora and metatibiae moderately densely to sparsely punctate, punctures small to moderate, irregular; metafemora impunctate at middle. Metatibiae apically, expanded; internal spur frequently longer. Claws shorter than last tarsomere. Venter: Surface setigerous, setae moderate to long, dense, tawny. Mesometasternal process strongly compressed laterally, short, not extending anteriorly beyond level of mesocoxae, mostly setose, setae tawny. Abdominal sternites weakly setose, with sparse, small to moderate, lunulate punctures. Abdomen in lateral view flat in males, strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 60c .

Diagnosis. The adults are separated from E. bispinis based on the frons with a small protuberance, clypeal teeth located in the anterolateral angles, pronotal punctures moderately dense, elytra glabrous or with sparse setae, venter with moderately dense, tawny setae, metafemora glabrous at middle, and form of the parameres.

Taxonomic History. Euphoria verticalis was described by Horn from one male and one female from Arizona and “the adjacent portion of California ” ( USA). Casey (1915) created the genus Anatropis for this species only. Hardy (1988) formally synonymized Anatropis with Stephanucha and placed E. verticalis in the latter genus. Ratcliffe and Paulsen (2008) placed Stephanucha in synonymy with Euphoria , thus moving E. verticalis to that genus.

Natural History. Adult specimens have been collected on Ambrosia sp. , Haplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) , Baccharis sp. , Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) (Asteraceae) , Eriogonum sp. (Polygonaceae) , roots of Helianthus sp. , in pitfall traps, and by sweeping low vegetation. Adults have been observed feeding on plant exudates and flowers of Baccharis glutinosa (Ruiz and Pavón) and on roots of H. annus and other plants ( Skelley 1991). In Arizona, adults have been observed feeding on roots of Tithonia sp. (William Warner, personal communication). Euphoria verticalis has also been collected from nests of N. albigula . It is known from elevations up to 1,700 m. The immature stages remain unknown but probably develop in rodent burrows or ant nests.

Temporal Distribution. February (3), March (4), April (10), May (9), June (1), July (6), August (63), September (108), October (21) ( Fig. 60d ).

Geographic Distribution. Known from Sonora, Mexico and Arizona and New Mexico, USA ( Fig. 60e ). Horn’ s (1880) record is the only one known from California, USA and is considered suspect.

Specimens Examined (222). Type material: Lectotype at MCZ here designated labeled “E./ verticalis/ Horn// Ariz// TYPE No. 3710/ Euphoria / verticalis/ G. H. Horn// MCZ TYPE/ 7900// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / verticalis Horn / 1880/ By A.R. Hardy/ 1977”. The label data from this specimen indicates Hardy already designated it as the lectotype for the species. Nevertheless, this was never published and therefore is considered an invalid designation. Other material: MEXICO (3): SONORA: Nogales (3). USA (218): ARIZONA. Cochise Co. : Apache (7), Benson (23), Bisbee (1), Dragoon Mountains (4), Douglas (8), Fairbanks (1), McNeal (1), Miller Canyon (1), Patagonia Mountains (11), Portal (18), Sycamore Canyon (1), Tombstone (2), Whetstone Mountains (2), no data (1); Gila Co. : Gisela (1), Globe (13), Pinal Mountains (1); Graham Co.: San Carlos Lake (1); Maricopa Co. : Sunflower (1), Tortilla Flat (1); Pima Co. : Arivaca (6), Baboquivari Mountains (1), Benson (1), Coyote Mountains (1), Kitt Peak (1), Madera Canyon (6), Sabino Canyon (4), Santa Catalina Mountains (11), Santa Rita Mountains (22), Rincon Mountains (2), Tortolita Mountains (1), Tucson (17), no data (1); Pinal Co.: Florence (1), Oracle (1); Santa Cruz Co.: Atascosa Mountains (4), Duquesne (1), Patagonia (7), Santa Rita Mountains (25), Ruby (1), no data (2); Yavapai Co.: Sedona (1). NEW MEXICO. Hidalgo Co.: Road Forks (2).

Figures

Fig. 60. Euphoria verticalis. a) Habitus, b) Head, c) Parameres, d) Temporal distribution, e) Geographic distribution in Mexico and the United States.