Euphoria leucographa ( Gory and Percheron, 1833 )

Orozco, Jesús, 2012, Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66, pp. 1-182 : 30-31

Euphoria leucographa ( Gory and Percheron, 1833) revised status

(Appendix 4: Fig. 11 )

Cetonia leucographa Gory and Percheron 1833: 208 . Original combination.

Holotype not located. As a subspecies of Euphoria sepulcralis (F.) by Hardy (2001).

Cetonia rufina Gory and Percheron 1833: 206 .

New synonymy.

Holotype at MNHN, examined. As subspecies of Euphoria sepulcralis (F.) by Hardy (2001).

Euphoria testacea Casey 1915: 305 . New synonymy.

Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Seven paralectotypes at USNM, one examined.

Description (n = 1,193). Length 11.2–13.7 mm; width 6.4–8.3 mm. Color: Surface shiny with variable green reflections, coppery, light to dark brown, metallic green, or almost black. Pronotum with whitish or yellowish, cretaceous band on lateral margin; lightly colored specimens frequently with 1 black, moderate-sized vitta at each side of midline. Elytra with small to moderate, reniform, vermiform, or irregular cretaceous markings, markings whitish to yellowish. Sides of abdominal sternites frequently with whitish, cretaceous markings; markings small to moderate in size, irregular in shape. Pygidium frequently with two cretaceous markings. Head: Frons occasionally with vague longitudinal ridge, densely punctate; punctures moderate, round, deeply impressed, at times coalescent; sparsely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus moderately densely to densely punctate or punctatostrigate, punctures moderate, round, coalescent; subquadrate, weakly reduced anteriorly, sides weakly to strongly raised; apex strongly reflexed in males, weakly to moderately in females, apex truncate in dorsal view, weakly to deeply sinuate in frontal view; glabrous to densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, moderate in size, denser and confluent towards apex and sides; sparsely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish to whitish. Scutellum longer than wide, moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures bearing moderate, yellowish setae. Elytra: Surface densely punctate, striae bearing 2–3 rows of grooves, lunulate and irregular punctures; punctures moderate in size; costae well defined. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Surface moderately to densely setose, setae short to long, whitish to yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed, third tooth frequently subobsolete in males. Metatibial carina weakly to moderately developed into 1–2 short spines. Metatibiae vaguely to weakly expanded apically, internal metatibial spur slightly thicker in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended beyond mesocoxae, process glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex rounded, flat, or slightly pointed. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vaguely to weakly evident. Abdominal sternites densely punctate; punctures small, bearing setae; sternites weakly to densely setose laterally, weakly to glabrous medially; setae long to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Abdomen in males frequently with medial, longitudinal depression, flat to slightly convex in females Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, deep to shallowly impressed, glabrous to densely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 11c .

Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group based on the strongly reflexed clypeal apex in the males and moderately reflexed clypeal apex in the females, antennal club longer than the stem in the males, scutellum moderately densely to densely punctate, pronotum densely punctate, and form of the parameres. Sakai and Nagai (1998) misidentified this species as E. histrionica (Appendix 5).

Notes. Specimens of lighter coloration ( Fig. 11a ) are more commonly found in the northern part of the species’ distributional range (Arizona, USA), while darker specimens ( Fig. 11d,e ) are more abundant in the southern areas (i. e., Oaxaca, Mexico).

Taxonomic History. Gory and Percheron (1833) described a dark male of this species as E. leucographa and a light female as E. rufina , both based on specimens from Mexico. Burmeister (1842) considered both species valid and separated them based on color, shape of the clypeus, and size of the antennal club (all sexual characters except color). Charles Émile Blanchard (1850) did not treat E. rufina , and he erroneously listed E. leucographa as occurring in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Frederick Blanchard (1885) recorded E. leucographa from Arizona, following Horn’ s request: “Dr. Horn requests that I here announce the occurrence of these two species ( E. subtomentosa and E. leucographa ) in Arizona to warrant their introduction into our lists”. Bates (1889) and Schaeffer (1907) considered E. rufina a variety of E. leucographa . Casey (1915) considered both E. rufina and E. leucographa as good species occurring in Mexico, and he described E. testacea from the United States. Blackwelder (1944) followed Bates, including E. rufina as a variety of E. leucographa . Morón et al. (1997), and Deloya et al. (1993, 1995) listed E. leucographa as a widely distributed species in Mexico. Hardy (2001) considered both E. leucographa and E. rufina as subspecies of E. sepulcralis . I hereby reinstate E. leucographa as a valid species.

Both E. rufina and E. leucographa appeared in Gory and Percheron (1833). Euphoria leucographa has been widely and consistently used as a valid species with E. rufina generally ranked at the varietal level. As the first reviser, I propose E. leucographa as the valid name rather than E. rufina for this species (ICZN Article 24.2.2).

Natural History. Adults have been collected on flowers of Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz and Pav.) , Baccharis sergiloides (Gray) , Baccharis sarothroides Gray , Gutierrezia sp. , Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas) , Isocoma tenuisecta Greene (all Asteraceae ), Acacia cornigera (L.), Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) (both Fabaceae ), and Salix sp. (Salicaceae) . Morón et al. (1997) recorded the species feeding on flowers of H. annuus , Zea mays (L.) ( Poaceae ), Croton suberosus Kunth. , Casearia tremula (Griseb.) (Flacourtiaceae) , and Mimosa sp. Adults also have been collected in fruit, blacklight, pitfall, and flight intercept traps, and Lindgren funnel traps baited with ethanol and a -pinene. In addition, E. leucographa has been observed feeding on orange blossoms and tree sap. Adults frequent chaparral, chaparral/mesquite habitats, scrub forests, thorn forests, and miscellaneous shrubs from 485–2,500 m elevation. Apiomerus flaviventris Herrich-Schaffer ( Hemiptera : Reduviidae ) has been found feeding on adults. In Mexico, the species has been found associated with A. mexicana nests ( Hinton and Ancona 1935; Deloya 1988; Rojas 1989).

Temporal Distribution. January (4), April (2), May (17), June (78), July (340), August (110), September (228), October (254), November (15), December (3) ( Fig. 11f ).

Geographic Distribution. Known from Arizona and New Mexico, USA, Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Estado de México, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz, Mexico, and the department of Guatemala in Guatemala ( Fig. 11g ).

Specimens Examined (1,193). Type material: Cetonia rufina Gory and Percheron, 1833 ; holotype at MNHN labeled “Type C. Dupont// var rufina G & P/ Mexico. Typus// Ex Musaeo/ Van Lansberge// TYPE” and my holotype label. Euphoria testacea Casey, 1915 ; lectotype male at USNM labeled “Huachuca Mts/ July 1905 Ariz// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// testacea. 2/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48668// LECTOYPE/ Euphoria / testacea Csy / By A. R. Hardy 1978”; paralectotype at USNM labeled “N.M// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// testacea. 2/ TYPE USNM/ 48668// testacea/ Csy// PARALECTOYPE/ Euphoria / testacea Csy ”. Other material: GUATEMALA (2): GUATEMALA: Amatitlán (1); NO DATA:“Guatemala” (1). MEXICO (675): AGUASCALIENTES: Aguascalientes (1); CHIAPAS: Chicoasén (1), Custepeques (1), El Aguacero (2), Parque Nacional Cañon del Sumidero (10), Puerto Madero (2), San Quintín (10), Santa Rosa (4), Tuxtla Gutiérrez (7); CHIHUAHUA: Chihuahua (1), Parrita (3); COLIMA: Colima (13), El Terrero (1), Manzanillo (3); DISTRITO FEDERAL: Ciudad de México (1); ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Sierra de Nanchititla (2), Tejupilco (2), Temascaltepec (21), no data (2); GUANAJUATO: Guanajuato (1); GUERRERO: Acapulco (20), Almolonga (6), Chichihualco (1), Iguala (12), Río Balsas (8), Taxco (2), Teloloapan (2), Tixtla (3), Zumpango (1), no data (2); HIDALGO: Progreso de Obregón (1), Portezuelo (1); JALISCO: Ajijíc (19), Ameca (1), Atenquique (6), Autlán (5), Cocula (3), Chapala (10), Chamela (57), El Programa (2), El Tuito (1), Guadalajara (2), Jocotepec (1), La Huerta (1), La Floresta (1), Los Mazos (1), Magdalena (3), Puente Barranquitas (1), San Antonio (1), Tequila (2), Tesistán (2), Volcán de Colima (51); MICHOACÁN: Aguila (1), Apatzingán (1), Cinco de Mayo (1), El Sabino (2), El Puerto (1), Morelia (2), Tzitzio (2); MORELOS: Amacuzac (14), Cuernavaca (42), San Vicente (1), Xochicalco (2), Yautepec (2); NAYARIT: Compostela (4), El Pichón (1), Jala (2), Jesús María (2), Santa María del Oro (1), Tepic (2), Volcán del Céboruco (2), no data (8); OAXACA: El Camarón (12 km E) (1), La Ventosa (1), Mitla (21 km E) (1), Monte Albán (23), Oaxaca (2), Puerto Ángel (16), San Jerónimo (1), Tehuantepec (10), Temascál (7), San Pedro Totolapan (1), San Sebastián Tutla (1), no data (1); PUEBLA: Atlixco (1), Calmeca (1), Pahuatlán (1), Telhuacán (1); QUERÉTARO: Camargo (2), Querétaro (4); SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: El Pujol (1), Huachihuayán (1); SINALOA: Concordia (28 km NE) (1), Elota (1), Escuinapa (2), Los Mochis (1), Mazatlán (15), Nogales (1), Venodio (Sinaloa de Leyva) (3), Villa Unión (6); SONORA: Álamos (8), Nogales (88), Rosario Tezopaco (1), Posa (2); TAMAULIPAS: Antiguo Morelos (1), Gómez Farias (1), Nuevo Morelos (1), Río Sabinas (1); VERACRUZ: Catemaco (2) Coatepec (2), Córdoba (6), Cotaxtla (4), Cuitláhuac (1), Dos Amates (6), Dos Ríos (2), El Zetal (1), La Tinaja (12), Montepío (1), Puente Nacional (3), San Juan (2), Soteapan (2), Tierra Blanca (1), Tinajitas (2), Xalapa (2); NO DATA: Mexico (5), Moctezuma (1). USA (511): ARIZONA. Cochise Co. : Apache (1), Benson (10 mi E) (1), Bisbee (8 mi NE) (2), Canelo (7), Carr Canyon (1), Chiricahua Mountains (2), Hereford (4), Huachuca Mountains (20), Miller Canyon (3), Montezuma Pass (2), Palmerlee (6), Parker Canyon (1), Portal (33), Silver Creek (1), Texas Canyon (2), Tombstone (2), Whetstone Mountains (1), no data (2); Graham Co.: Fort Grant (1); Gila Co. : Globe (2); Navajo Co.: Salt River Canyon (1); Pima Co. : Amado (1), Arivaca (3), Baboquivari Mountains (35), Box Canyon (1), Continental (19), Florida Canyon (12), Green Valley (2), Molino Basin (2), Mountain View (2), Rincon Mountains (1), Santa Catalina Mountains (15), Santa Rita Mountains (49), Sabino Canyon (5), Tucson (11), Upper Box Canyon (3); Santa Cruz Co.: Atascosa Mountains (7), Bear Valley Ranch (1), Duquesne (2 mi. NW) (1), Harshaw (1), Madera Canyon (99), Montosa Canyon (1), Nogales (36), Pajarito Mountains (1), Patagonia (28), Peña Blanca (40), Ruby (12), Santa Cruz river (1), Sonoita (1), Sycamore Canyon (6), Tumacacori Mountains (12), no data (2); Yavapai Co.: Prescott (5). NEW MEXICO. Hidalgo Co.: Skeleton Canyon (1). NO DATA (2): No data (2).

Figures

Fig. 11. Euphoria leucographa. a) Habitus, b) Head, c) Parameres, d-e) Color variation, f) Temporal distribution, g) Geographic distribution in Guatemala, Mexico, and the United States.