Euphoria herbacea ( Olivier, 1789 )

Orozco, Jesús, 2012, Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66, pp. 1-182 : 47-48

Euphoria herbacea ( Olivier, 1789)

(Appendix 4: Fig. 18 )

Cetonia herbacea Olivier 1789: 35 . Original combination.

Holotype not located.

Cetonia pubera Gyllenhal in Schönherr 1817: 53. Synonym.

Holotype at UUZM, examined.

Cetonia antennata Gory and Percheron 1833: 56 , 177. Synonym.

Holotype at MHNG, examined.

Euphoria herbacea var. occidentalis Knaus 1916: 84 . Synonym.

Holotype at SEMC, not examined.

Description (n = 505). Length 11.9–15.3 mm; width 7.1–9.4 mm. Color: Surface tomentous, olive green, reddish brown, or variations of these colors. Elytra with small, sparse, whitish, cretaceous markings, apex frequently covered by cretaceous layer. Head: Frons frequently medially depressed, occasionally with weak, medial longitudinal ridge, densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, at times coalescent, glabrous to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus short, sides strongly raised, parabolic, moderately convergent at apex; apex moderately to strongly reflexed in both sexes, truncate in dorsal view, vaguely to strongly sinuate in frontal view, surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures moderate to large, round, glabrous to densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long. Antennal club as long as or longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, moderate in size, denser towards apex and sides, sparsely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate or with a few minute, round punctures. Sides near base strongly convergent anteriorly in males, subparallel to moderately convergent in females. Base in front of scutellum weakly to moderately sinuate. Elytra: Surface sparsely to densely punctate, striae with 3–4 irregular rows of small, lunulate and irregular punctures, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish. Costae well defined, posterior half of sutural costa strongly raised in lateral view, apex frequently with short, sutural spine. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae discontinuous, moderately impressed, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed. Metatibial carina moderately developed. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended well beyond mesocoxae, process glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex variably rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle. Median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites sparsely setose; setae, long to moderate, whitish to yellowish, distributed along entire width of segment; sides of sternites weakly to strongly ridged Abdomen in males with weak longitudinal depression. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 18c .

Diagnosis. This species is separated from the others in the group based on the dorsal surface entirely tomentous, moderately punctate pronotum, sexually dimorphic shape of the pronotum (sides near base strongly convergent anteriorly in males, subparallel to moderately convergent in females), abdominal sternites laterally ridged, and form of the parameres.

Taxonomic History. Olivier (1789) described Cetonia herbacea from specimens from “ l’ Amérique septentrionale ”. The species was named based on the color of the body being “herb green”. Gyllenhal (in Schönherr 1817) described Cetonia pubera based on specimens with a reddish green color, also from “ America septentrionali ”. Gory and Percheron (1833) described an additional male specimen from Philadelphia, USA as Cetonia antennata . Burmeister (1842) treated E. antennata as a synonym of E. pubera . Schaum (1844) included E. pubera as a synonym of E. herbacea . Knaus (1916) described E. herbacea var. occidentalis based on the larger size of the first two specimens known from Kansas, USA. Hardy (2001) synonymized Knaus’ (1916) variety with E. herbacea .

Natural History. Adults have been collected on Rubus sp. , flowers of Pinus strobus L., and flowers of Castanea sp. , and in Japanese beetle traps, Malaise traps, and light traps. Large groups of adults (∼ 50) have been observed flying around the forest edge. Ritcher (1945, 1966) described the larval stage.

Temporal Distribution. April (1), May (3), June (74), July (318), August (20), September (2) ( Fig. 18f ).

Geographic Distribution. Found in the eastern and central USA in Alabama, Delaware, District of Columbia , Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia ( Fig. 18g ).

Specimens Examined (505). Type material: Cetonia pubera Gyllenhal, 1817 ; holotype male at UUZM labeled “a// Uppsala. Univ. Zool. Mus./ Gyllenhalr saml. TYP.nr/ 1446” and my holotype label. Cetonia antennata Gory and Percheron, 1833 ; holotype at MHNG labeled “Gory-/ TYPE// herbacea Ol. / Pubera Salle/ antennata GP. / Amer.- bor// Coll. Melly ” and my holotype label. Other material: USA (487): ALABAMA. Shelby Co.: Cahaba River (1); Talladega Co.: McElderry (1); Walker Co.: Jasper (3). ARKANSAS. Monroe Co.: Roe (1). DELAWARE. Sussex Co.: Rehoboth Beach (5); New Castle Co.: Newark (2). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA . Washington (46), no data (1). FLORIDA. Lake Co.: Astor Park (40 mi W) (1). GEORGIA. Dawson Co.: Dawsonville (1); Pike Co.: No data (1); White Co.: Russell Highway (16). KANSAS. Crawford Co.: No data (2), Montgomery Co.: Elk City (1). KENTUCKY. Urban Co.: Lexington (1). INDIANA. Knox Co.: No data (1); Tippecanoe Co.: Lafayette (6), no data (1). ILLINOIS. Macon Co.: Decatur (6). LOUISIANA. Grant Pa.: Alexandria (1). MARYLAND. Anne Arundel Co.: Millersville (3), Riverdale (1). Baltimore Co.: Baltimore (4), Catonsville (2), Hereford (2); Calvert Co.: Battle Creek Cypress Swamp (4); Cecil Co.: Pleasant Hill (1), Charles Co.: Myrtle Grove (3), Frederick Co.: Myersville (17), Howard Co.: Clarksville (1), Ilchester (15), Montgomery Co.: Boyds (1), Cabin John (1), Chevy Chase Lake (1), Glen Echo (1), no data (12), Prince George Co.: Beltsville (10), Bladensburg (1), Bowie (1), College Park (4), Hyattsville (1); Saint Mary Co.: Cameron (1); Somerset Co.: Shelltown (6); Talbot Co.: Wittman (3); Washington Co.: Hagerstown (2), Huyett (1), no data (1); Wicomico Co.: Camden (1); No data: (14). MISSISSIPPI. Lafayette Co.: Oxford (2). MISSOURI. Saint Charles Co.: Port Tobacco (1). NEW JERSEY. Bergen Co.: Fort Lee (1); Burlington Co.: Palmyra (1); Cumberland Co.: Shiloh (3); Salem Co.: Pittsgrove (1), Woodstown (1); No data:: “NJ” (1). NEW YORK. Kings Co.: Brooklyn (1); Richmond Co.: Staten Island (11); No data:“NY” (11). NORTH CAROLINA. Buncombe Co.: Asheville (5); Hampton Co.: No data (1); Haywood Co.: Catalooche (1); Warren Co.: Wise (1); Wilkes Co.: Moravian Falls (2). OHIO. Fairfield Co.: Berne Township (12); Hamilton Co.: Cincinnati (3); Highland Co.: No data (1); Knox Co.: No data (1); Hocking Co.: Cedar Falls (1); Licking Co.: Linnville (1); Muskingum Co.: Salt Creek Township (2), Zanesville (1); Nobile Co.: Caldwell (1); Pike Co.: No data (1); Ross Co.: Mount Logan (1); No data: “OH” (2). OKLAHOMA. Latimer Co.: Red Oak (1), no data: (1). PENNSYLVANIA. Adams Co.: Arendtsville (1); Allegheny Co.: Pittsburg (1); Chester Co.: Downingtown (33); Dauphin Co.: Dauphin (5); Hummelstown (1); Delaware Co.: Broomall (1), Castle Rock (7), no data: (1); Franklin Co.: No data (1); Greene Co.: Mapletown (1), Rutan (1), Waynesburg (1); Mercer Co.: Leesburg (1); Lancaster Co.: Lancaster (4); Philadelphia Co.: Angora (1), Philadelphia (2); Somerset Co.: Somerset (1); Washington Co.: Canonsburg (1), Cross Creek (1); Westmoreland Co.: Greensburg (2), Latrobe (6); York Co.: Airville (4), Lewisberry (1). SOUTH CAROLINA. Cherokee Co.: Blacksburg (1); Horry Co.: Cherry Grove Beach (2), Myrtle Beach (3); Pickens Co.: Clemson (6), Liberty (11), Pickens (3); No data: “Meredith” (1). TENNESSEE. Blount Co.: Cades Cove (1); Claiborne Co.: Tazewell (1); Greene Co.: Greeneville (1); Hardeman Co.: Bolivar (1); Morgan Co.: Burrville (8); Sevier Co.: Great Smoky Mountains National Park (1); Washington Co.: Johnson (1). TEXAS. Brazos Co.: College Station (14); Harris Co.: Houston (1). VIRGINIA. Campbell Co.: Lynchburg (1); Chesapeake Co.: Northwest River Park (2); City of Norfolk: (1); Clarke Co.: Boyce (1); Essex Co.: Dunnsville (1); Fairfax Co.: Burke (1), Falls Church (9), Springfield (1); Halifax Co.: Fort Belvoir (4), Hampton (4), Staunton River State Park (2), Vienna (2); Lancaster Co.: No data (2); Montgomery Co.: No data (9); Northampton Co.: Cape Charles (1); Page Co.: Massanutten Mountain (7); Rockingham Co.: Harrisonburg (1); Warren Co.: North Linden (1); No data: (4). WEST VIRGINIA. Hampshire Co.: Ice Mountain Preserve (9); Jefferson Co.: Middleway (1); Kanawha Co.: Kanawha (1); Marion Co.: Fairmont (1); Roane Co.: Kettle (1). NO DATA: (16).

Figures

Fig. 18. Euphoria herbacea. a) Habitus, b) Head, c) Parameres, d-e) Color variation, f) Temporal distribution, g) Geographic distribution in the United States.