Eumeninae, Leach, 1815

Tan, Jiang-Li, Carpenter, James & van Achterberg, Cornelis, 2018, An illustrated key to the genera of Eumeninae from China, with a checklist of species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), ZooKeys 740, pp. 109-149 : 110

Key to genera of Eumeninae from China

1 Tergum I more or less petiolate, slender and its apical half parallel-sided or slightly narrowed posteriorly (1a); tergum I usually at least twice as long as wide (but in e.g., Pseudozumia slightly longer than wide); tergum II twice maximum width of tergum I in dorsal view, but approx. 1.5 × in Pseudozumia 2

- Tergum I robust and its apical half widened posteriorly (1aa); tergum I much less than twice as long as wide; tergum II at most twice as wide as tergum I 18

2 Middle tibia with two spurs (2a) 3

- Middle tibia with one spur (2aa) 5

3 Propodeum with valvula distinctly protruding, elongate and rectangular (3a), orifice acutely pointed dorsally (3b) Zethus Fabricius

- Propodeum with valvula not protruding (3aa), orifice rounded dorsally (3bb) 4

4 Maxillary palpus 3-segmented (4a); tergum I more than twice as long as wide, longitudinally striate (4b); tegula posteriorly acute (4c) Calligaster de Saussure

- Maxillary palpus 4-segmented (4aa); tergum I less than twice as long as wide, punctate (4bb); tegula posteriorly truncate (4cc) Discoelius Latreille

5 Propodeal valvula relatively short, rounded, submarginal carina distinctly protruding (5a); frons distinctly longer than clypeus; second submarginal cell narrow anteriorly, vein 1-M and vein 2-M meeting almost at right angle (5b) 6

- Propodeal valvula elongate, rectangular, submarginal carina not protruding (4aa); frons shorter than clypeus; second submarginal cell wide anteriorly, vein 1-M and vein 2-M meeting at obtuse angle (5bb) 8

6 Female with fovea anterior to mid-ocellus (6a); metanotum monodentiform mesally (6d); metasomal petiole abruptly swollen apically in lateral view (6c); tegula not exceeding parategula posteriorly (6b); anterior face of pronotum smooth (6e) Labus de Saussure

- Female without fovea on vertex (6aa); metanotum obtuse mesally (6dd); metasomal petiole not conspicuously swollen in lateral view (6cc); tegula more or less exceeding parategula posteriorly (6bb); anterior face of pronotum distinctly punctuate laterally (6ee) 7

7 Mesoscutum distinctly longer than wide (7a), apical margin of tergum I wider than half width of TII (7b); parategula short, almost absent, tegula distinctly exceeding parategula (7c) Leptomicrodynerus Giordani Soika

- Mesoscutum distinctly wider than long (7aa); apical margin of tergum I narrower than half width of tergum II (7bb); parategula normal, tegula slightly exceeding parategula (7cc) Cyrtolabulus van der Vecht

8 Propodeum dorsally with elongate fovea from which a carina runs to orifice, usually with dentiform projections above valvulae (8a); axillary fossa narrower than long, slit-like (8b); tegula with narrow posterior lobe which about equals parategula posteriorly (8c) 9

- Propodeum without fovea or dentiform projections (8aa); axillary fossa oval, broader than long (8bb); tegula short, convex and not equalling parategula posteriorly (8cc), or long, with narrow posterior lobe which surpasses parategula posteriorly 14

9 Mesepisternum with epicnemial carina present (9a) 10

- Mesepisternum with epicnemial carina absent (9aa) 13

10 Metasomal petiole with transverse carina basally (10a, a’) 11

- Metasomal petiole not carinate (10aa, aa’) 12

11 Tergum I with its lateral margins fused ventrally; sternum I reduced to posterior crescentic sclerite (11a); [mesonotum and propodeum smooth between fine punctures] Ectopioglossa Perkins

- Tergum I with lateral margins not meeting ventrally, sternum I visible along entire petiole length (11aa) Nortozumia van der Vecht (new record)

12 Mesoscutum with a pair of prescutellar longitudinal groove (12a); forewing with parastigma longer than pterostigma (12b); sternum I irregularly rugose posteriorly, with rugae running in longitudinal direction (12c) Pseudozumia de Saussure

- Mesoscutum without prescutellar longitudinal groove (12aa); forewing with parastigma shorter than pterostigma (12bb); sternum I smooth basally, its posterior two thirds transversely striate or smooth (12cc) Coeleumenes van der Vecht

13 Forewing with parastigma longer than pterostigma (13a); sternum I gradually widened backwards with regular transverse striae (13b); female with cephalic fovea (13c); hind tibia with number of short spines on its outside (13d) Pareumenes de Saussure

- Forewing with parastigma shorter than pterostigma (13aa); sternum I narrower basally, more or less fused with tergum I, posteriorly short, triangular and without ruga (13bb); female without cephalic fovea (13cc); hind tibia without spines on its outside (13dd) Pseumenes Giordani Soika

14 Tergum I impunctate or with only a few small punctures (14c); propodeum inclining posteriorly into a slope (14a); tergum II without lamella separated by preapical thickening, sometimes with pale border (14b) 15

- Tergum I with dense, coarse punctation (14cc); propodeum less inclined posteriorly (14aa); tergum II with apical lamella more or less separated from disc by preapical thickening (14bb) 17

15 Clypeus apically rounded (15a); temple in dorsal view as long as eye (15b) Katamenes Meade-Waldo

- Clypeus apically truncate or emarginated (15aa); temple in dorsal view shorter than eye (15bb) 16

16 Tergum I slightly longer than mesosoma, with section after spiracles shorter than section before spiracles (16a); male: terminal sternum with a longitudinal groove (16b) Delta de Saussure

- Tergum I much longer than mesosoma, with section after spiracles longer than section before spiracles (16aa); male: terminal sternum without groove (16bb) Phimenes Giordani Soika

17 Pronotum with pretegular carina absent (17b); parastigma of forewing shorter than half of pterostigma (17a); female: apical margin of clypeus emarginated (17c); propodeum lateral margin rounded, without distinct border with posterior face; male: apical antennal segment medium-sized and curved (17d) Eumenes Latreille

- Pronotum with pretegular carina present (17bb); parastigma of forewing longer than half of pterostigma (17aa); female: apical margin of clypeus truncated (17cc); propodeum lateral side distinctly separated from its posterior face; male: apical antennal segment small and straight (17dd) Oreumenes Bequaert

18 Tegula evenly rounded posteriorly and usually not reaching apex of parategula (18a); male antenna apically spiralled (18b) 19

- Tegula protruding posteriorly, emarginate or truncate adjoining parategula (18aa); male antenna apically hooked or simple (18bb) 22

19 Labial palpi 3-segmented, in female segment II and III both broadly flattened, fringed with setae, forming a psammophore (19a); sterna II-V in male usually with central apical brush (19b) 20

- Labial palpus 4-segmented, in female cylindrical, without psammophore (19aa); sterna II-V in male usually without central apical brush (19bb) 21

20 Maxillary palpus 5- (20a) or 6- (20 a’) segmented; female: labial palpus segment II thick basally, segment II, III not curved (20b); male: mandible with penultimate tooth often without deep excision, and axis of penultimate tooth is at an oblique angle relative to main axis of mandible and approximately parallel to axis of apical tooth (20c); body <9 mm Pterocheilus Klug

- Maxillary palpus 6-segmented (20aa); female: labial palpus segment II and III slender, flat and curved (20bb); male: mandible with distance between second and third tooth broad (20cc) or deeply and broadly excised, and axis of penultimate tooth is at approximately a right angle relative to the main axis of the mandible and relative to the apical tooth (20 cc’); body>10 mm Onychopterocheilus Blüthgen

21 Propodeum with lateral carinae well developed (21a); female without cephalic foveae (21b); vertex weakly longitudinally rugose posteriorly (21b); temples and mesosoma with very fine pubescence; male sterna II-VI with conspicuous fringe of setae (21c) Tropidodynerus Blüthgen

- Propodeum with lateral carinae weak or absent (21aa); female with cephalic foveae; vertex not rugose; temples and mesosoma with long setae (21bb); male sterna without fringe of setae (21cc) Odynerus Latreille

22 Anterior face of pronotum with two close and deeply impressed pits, which may be approximated, or with series of elongate foveae (22a); tegula broad, wider than long, not surpassing parategula (except Jucancistrocerus ) (22b); propodeum valvula bilamellate (with submarginal carina produced into pointed lamella apically and valvula enlarged and free posteriorly from submarginal carina) (22c) 23

- Anterior face of pronotum without deep pits or foveae (except punctures) (22aa, aa’); submarginal carina, propodeum valvula and tegula variable 28

23 Tergum I with two transverse carinae (23a) or with one (23 a’) 24 - Tergum I without transverse carinae (23aa) 27 24 Tegula densely punctate, sieve-like, surpassing parategula posteriorly (24a); propodeal dorsum without extending horizontal area (24b); pretegular carina absent (24c); [carina of tergum I indistinct in some species] Jucancistrocerus Blüthgen

- Tegula usually finely punctate (24aa); propodeal dorsum extending horizontally, forming shelf-like area behind metanotum (24bb); pretegular carina present (24cc) 25

25 Tergum I with two carinae, tergum wider than long in dorsal view, both carinae relatively close near each other (25a) Subancistrocerus de Saussure

- Tergum I with one (25aa) or two carinae (25 aa’); if with two carinae, then tergum I longer than wide in dorsal view, more or less petiole-like and distance between both carinae relatively large 26

26 Anterior face of pronotum with foveae separated (26a); tergum II usually smooth basally, forming an acarinarium (26b); metasoma sessile, tergum I nearly as wide as tergum II (26 b’) Parancistrocerus Bequaert

- Anterior face of pronotum with contiguous foveae (26aa); tergum II ridged basally, not forming an acarinarium; tergum I in dorsal view longer than wide, tergum II much wider than tergum I (26bb) Pseudonortonia Giordani Soika

27 Tergum I relatively short, gradually widened, with its lateral sides divergent in dorsal view (27a); vertex strongly depressed, forming an acute triangle with face (27b, arrowing part); in female, apical margin of clypeus truncated and with two longitudinal carinae (27c); anterior face of pronotum with foveae coalesced (27b) Paraleptomenes Giordani Soika

- Tergum I relatively long, roughly parallel-sided in dorsal view (27aa); vertex normal, not forming an acute triangle with face (27bb); apical margin of clypeus emarginate and without carina (27cc); anterior face of pronotum with foveae separated (22a). [Note: if tergum I of Parancistrocerus spp. has an indistinct transverse carina, then it is difficult to separate them from Stenodynerus ; Parancistrocerus spp. usually have an acarinarium on tergum II basally and tergum I more or less lengthened medially in dorsal view, while Stenodynerus spp. have tergum II ridged basally and tergum I medio-dorsally without elongation] Stenodynerus de Saussure

28 Tergum I transversely carinate (28a) or horizontal and vertical faces of tergum clearly separated ( Pararrhynchium , 28 a’) 29

- Tergum I evenly curved, without transverse carina (28aa) 34

29 Tergum I with broad medio-longitudinal furrow posterior to transverse carina (29a); notauli clearly indicated (29b); male antenna simple apically (29c) Symmorphus Wesmael

- Tergum I without medio-longitudinal furrow (29aa); notauli absent or nearly so (29bb); male antenna hooked apically (29cc) 30

30 Parastigma of forewing with more than half the length of pterostigma, measured along posterior part, often nearly equal (30a) 31

- Parastigma half the length of pterostigma or less, measured along posterior part (30aa) 33

31 Tergum II with well-developed apical lamella (31a) Lissodynerus Giordani Soika

- Tergum II lacking an apical lamella (31aa) 32

32 Clypeus wide ventrally and slightly emarginated medio-ventrally (32a); male: terminal sternum without teeth basally (32b) Orancistrocerus van der Vecht

- Clypeus narrower ventrally and deeply emarginated medio-ventrally (32aa); male: terminal sternum with 2-3 teeth basally (32bb) Archancistrocerus Giordani Soika

33 Axillary fossa narrower than long, slit-like (33b); humeri ( “shoulder”) rounded (33a); propodeal dorsum strongly extending horizontally, forming shelf-like area behind metanotum (33c) Pararrhynchium de Saussure

- Axillary fossa oval, broader than long (33bb); humeri angular or pointed (33aa); propodeal dorsum slightly extending behind metanotum, below level of metanotum (33cc) Ancistrocerus Wesmael

34 Metanotum with serrate bilobed ridge (34a, a’) 35

- Metanotum low toothed (34aa), including blunt or rounded off ridge or flat 36

35 Clypeus higher than wide (35a); metanotum with truncate teeth; mid-anterior face of pronotum smooth and with short transverse rugae (35b); tergum I distinctly narrower than tergum II (35c); male terminal antennal segment small (35d) Apodynerus Giordani Soika

- Clypeus wider than high (35aa); mid-anterior face of pronotum usually densely punctate and with an upper trace of transverse carina (35bb); tergum I slightly narrower than tergum II (35cc); male terminal antennal segment relatively large (35dd) Antepipona de Saussure

36 Tergum II with lamella behind transverse band (36a) 37

- Tergum II without lamella behind transverse band, at most with narrow border (36aa). Note: few Euodynerus spp. may possess a distinct lamella on tergum II (see 45a), they can be separated from Leptochilus by having tergum I not depressed subapically (depressed in Leptochilus ); and differs from Gribodia , Stenodynerellus and Epsilon by having oval axillary fossa, broader than long (slit-like, narrower than long in Gribodia , Stenodynerellus and Epsilon ) 40

37 Tergum I depressed subapically, gradually widened with lateral sides divergent in dorsal view (37 aa); propodeum with submarginal carina projecting as rounded lobe above valvula, bilamellate (37bb); epicnemial carina absent (37cc); axillary fossa oval, broader than long (37dd) Leptochilus de Saussure

- Tergum I not depressed subapically, usually with lateral sides roughly parallel in dorsal view (37aa); propodeum with submarginal carina not differentiated from valvula, mono-lamellate (37bb; except Epsilon ); epicnemial carina present (37cc); axillary fossa narrower than long, slit-like (37dd) 38

38 Palpal formula 5:3 (38a); male vertex sometimes with large and deep depression (38b); propodeum without shelf-like protruding part and with lateral carinae well developed (38c); [metanotum angulated, second submarginal cell with second recurrent vein nearly or completely interstitial with third submarginal cell; terga I-V each with apical lamella] Gribodia Zavattari

- Palpal formula 6:4 (38aa); male vertex without large and deep depression (38bb); propodeum with shelf-like protruding part (38cc) or absent (38 cc’) 39

39 Clypeus longer than wide, apical margin usually truncate (39a); propodeum with submarginal carina not differentiated from valvula (39b); propodeum usually with dorsal surface at about same level as metanotum, lateral margin rounded; metanotum usually smoothly convex (39c); terga I-V each with apical lamella (39d); second submarginal cell with second recurrent vein variable Stenodyneriellus Giordani Soika

- Clypeus longer than wide, apical margin emarginate (39aa); propodeum with submarginal carina projecting as rounded lobe above valvula (39bb); propodeum without raised shelf-like part, lateral margin carinate; metanotum angulated (39cc); only tergum II with lamella (39dd); second submarginal cell with second recurrent vein nearly or completely interstitial with third submarginal cell (39ee) Epsilon de Saussure

40 Axillary fossa in dorsal view much narrower than long, often slit-like (40a); tegula short, not exceeding parategula 41

- Axillary fossa in dorsal view not slit-like, at least as wide as long, oval (40aa); tegula usually equal to or exceeding parategula 45

41 Propodeum with raised shelf-like part nearly at level of metanotum, metanotum flat (41a) 42

- Propodeum below level of metanotum, metanotum various (41aa) 43

42 Forewing with third submarginal cell separated from apex of marginal cell by about half its length (42a); male sternum VII with basal truncate process (42b) Allorhynchium van der Vecht

- Forewing with third submarginal cell separated from apex of marginal cell by about its own length (42aa); male sternum VII without process (42bb) Orientalicesa Koçak and Kemal

43 Parastigma of forewing more than half length of pterostigma, measured along posterior part or nearly equal (43a); palpal formula 6:4 (38aa) 44

- Parastigma shorter than half length of pterostigma, measured along posterior part (43aa); palpal formula 5:3 (38a) Okinawepipona Yamane

44 Mesoscutum posteriorly and scutellum smooth, very sparsely and finely punctate (44a); metanotum depressed medially (44b); male middle femur basally emarginated (44c) Rhynchium Spinola

- Mesoscutum and scutellum richly punctate throughout (44aa); metanotum not depressed medially (44bb); male middle femur not basally emarginate (44cc) Anterhynchium de Saussure

45 Tergum I behind apical band with well-developed lamella (45a) 46

- Tergum I behind apical band without well-developed lamella (45aa) 47

46 Metanotum between horizontal and vertical area with hemi-circular carina (46a) Antodynerus de Saussure

- Metanotum between areas without hemi-circular shaped carina (46aa) Euodynerus Dalla Torre

47 Pretegular carina absent (47a) 48

- Pretegular carina present, at least posteriorly (47aa) 49

48 Tegula sparsely punctate, slightly exceeding parategula and much smaller than scutellum (48a); mid-anterior face of pronotum smooth (48b); metanotum with lateral lamellae (48c); female with single cephalic fovea situated near occipital carina (48d) Parodontodynerus Blüthgen

- Tegula densely punctate, distinctly exceeding parategula, almost as large as scutellum (48aa); mid-anterior face of pronotum densely punctate (48bb); metanotum without lateral lamellae (48cc); female with single cephalic fovea situated halfway posterior ocelli and occipital carina (48dd) Brachyodynerus Blüthgen

49 Tegula narrower and longer, surpassing parategula posteriorly (49a). [female vertex with reniform fovea, about as wide as ocellar triangle; hind coxa with ventral lobes] Allodynerus Blüthgen

- Tegula broad, equal to parategula posteriorly (49aa) 50

50 Propodeal valvula mono-lamellate (50a), with transverse carina, and with a dentate ridge laterally (50b); [metanotum ridge roughly bidentate-shaped] Pseudepipona de Saussure

- Propodeal valvula bilamellate (50aa), without transverse carina, and without dentate ridge laterally; [small species (6 mm body length); anterior face of pronotum smooth; vertex with very small pits] Asiodynerus Kurzenko