Philisca robinson, Soto & Ramírez, 2012

Soto, Eduardo M. & Ramírez, Martín J., 2012, Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Philisca Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Amaurobioidinae) 3443, Zootaxa 3443 (1), pp. 1-65 : 37-38

Philisca robinson new species

Figs 21–23 , 32c, d , 35c

Type material: Holotype male and female paratype from Chile, Región V (Valparaíso), Archip. Juan Fernández, Is. Robinson Crusoe, área de Plazoleta El Yunque, S33.65276º W78.84403º (GPS, trayecto +- 25m), elev. 299m (barómetro), 16–20.II.2011, bosque de luma, M. Ramírez, E. Soto, J. Pizarro ( MHNS, temporary preparations, male: EMS-00156; female: EMS-00155); same locality, 1 male and 1 female paratypes, 23–28.I.1992, S. Marshall ( AMNH; male EMS-00078, female EMS-00068).

Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality, which is also the name of the main character in the novel Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe.

Diagnosis: It resembles other species of the ornata group by the modified male chelicerae and the epigyne with smooth, heart shaped median field close to the epigastric furrow ( Figs 35c , 32c, d ), and is very similar to P. pizarroi by the contrasted coloration. It can be distinguished from the latter species by having a pattern of dark spots in the thoracic area ( Figs 21b , 22b ) and a darker venter of the opistosoma ( Figs 21c , 22c ). The females have the accessory bulbs closer to the spermathecae ( Fig. 32d ).

Description: Female (paratype MHNS EMS-00155): Total length 6.92. Prosoma length 2.67, width 2.07, wider between legs II–III. Tibia/metatarsus length: I, 1.50/1.23; II, 1.33/1.27; III, 1.13/1.40; IV, 1.67/2.03. Chelicerae with three teeth (middle tooth larger) on promargin, three on retromargin (basal tooth larger). Sternum length 1.40, width 1.10. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 2ap; tibia v 2–2–p1; metatarsus v 2bas. II, femur d 1–1–1, p d1ap; tibia v 2–2–2; metatarsus v 2bas, p d1. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1–p1–r1–2, p and r d1–1; metatarsus v 2–2–2, d 0–p1–2, p and r d1–1–1. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1–2–2, p 1–1, r 1–1–1; metatarsus v 2–2–2, d 0–p1–2, p and r d1–1–1. Color in ethanol ( Fig. 21 ): the entire specimen has a striped appearance. Prosoma and legs reddish brown, almost uniform, both with dark brown spots. Sternum brown, paler in the center. Opisthosoma yellowish brown, venter with dark brown marking with general“w” form ( Fig. 21c ). Opisthosoma length 3.99, epigastrium–spiracle 2.17, spiracle–spinnerets 0.37. Epigyne small, sclerotized, translucent ( Fig. 32c, d ). MF smooth, heart-shaped, close to the epigastric furrow. Anterior pouch wide, with short lumen. Ducts of AB long, with conspicuous gland ducts.

Male (holotype): Total length 5.59. Prosoma length 2.40, width 1.83. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 1.60/1.40; II, 1.47/1.43; III, 1.07/1.30; IV, 1.53/1.83. Chelicerae modified (internal superior margins projecting) ( Fig. 35c ), with three teeth (middle tooth larger) on promargin, three on retromargin. Sternum length 1.28, width 1.03. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 2ap; tibia v 2–2–2; metatarsus v 2bas, p d1. II, femur d 1–1–1, p d1ap; tibia v 2–2–2, p 0– v1 or 0; metatarsus v 2–p1–0, p 0–d1–0. III, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1–2–2, p and r d1– 1; metatarsus v 2–2–2, d 0–p1–2, p and r d1–1–1. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p and r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia v p1–2–2 or 2–2–2, p 1–1, r 1–1–1; metatarsus v 2–2–2, d 0–p1–2, p and r d1–1–1. Opisthosoma length 2.87, spiracle– epigastrium 1.73, spiracle–spinnerets 0.30. Color in ethanol as for female described above ( Fig. 22 ). Palp ( Fig. 23 ): Tibia width/length 0.48, Embolus normal, thin and cylindrical ( Fig. 23 ). MA long, with few small thin branches at base ( Fig. 23f, h ). PMA long and wide, pPMA simple. Conductor normal and well developed, canal vestigial, limited to tip, ending in longitudinally ridged peak, on rounded projection directed backward.

All adults and immatures have a group of thick setae on the base of ALS.

Variability: Spines in males: I, tibia, v 2–2–p1; metatarsus v 2bas–p1, p 0. III, metatarsus v 2–0–2. Spines in females: I, tibia, v 2–2–0. III, tibia v p1–2–2; metatarsus v 2–p1–2. IV, metatarsus v 2–p1–r1–2, p d1–2–2.

Distribution: Known only from the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Is. Robinson Crusoe, Chile.

Other material examined: CHILE: Región V (Valparaíso): Archip. Juan Fernández: Is. Robinson Crusoe : same locality as holotype, S33.65276º W78.84403º (GPS, trayecto +- 25m), elev. 299m (barómetro), 16–20.II.2011, bosque de luma, M. Ramírez, E. Soto, J. Pizarro , 1 females, 2 males and 2 immatures ( MHNS) , 1 female and 3 immatures ( MACN-Ar 27960 ) , 1 male and 2 immatures ( MACN-Ar 28460 ) , 1 female ( MACN-Ar 28089 ) , 1 female ( MACN-Ar 28088 ) , 1 male ( MACN-Ar 27961 ) , pitfall, 3 males ( MACN-Ar 27958 ) , pitfall, 1 female and 1 immature ( MACN-Ar 27962 ) , pitfall, 2 females and 1 immature ( MACN-Ar 27964 ) , 1 male and 4 immatures ( UC) , 2 immatures ( MACN-Ar 27959 ) , pitfall, 2 immatures ( MACN-Ar 27963 ) ; Sector Salsipuedes , S33.63087° W78.84386° (GPS, área +- 100m), elev. 482m (barómetro), 21.II.2011, bosque de canelo, maqui y luma, M. Ramírez, E. Soto, J. Pizarro , 2 females and 31 immatures ( UC) ; same locality as holotype, 23–29.I.1992, S. Marshall, 1 female and 1 male ( AMNH) ; same locality, 200–250m Camote side, 1–28.IV.1962, B. Malkin, 3 females ( AMNH) ; same locality, site 2, pans, 23–29.I.1992, S. Marshall, 1 female and 7 males ( AMNH) ; same locality, wet areas nr. Plazoleta , pans, 24– 28.I.1992, S. Marshall, 2 females and 6 males ( AMNH) ; Plazoleta El Yunque , pans in wet areas, 23–29.I.1992, S. Marshall, 14 males ( AMNH) ; same locality, pans nr. Plazoleta campsite, 23–29.I.1992, S. Marshall, 10 males ( AMNH) ; same locality, site 1, open forest, pans, 24–28.I.1992, S. Marshall, 1 female and 1 male ( AMNH) ; same locality, upper part; El Yunque trail, ferns, dung, 23–28.I.1992, S. Marshall, 1 female and 1 male ( AMNH) ; same locality, slopes of El Yunque, fern covered, pan traps, 28.I.1992, S. Marshall, 2 females and 3 males ( AMNH) ; same locality, site 1, open forest, dung traps, 23–28.I.1992, S. Marshall, 1 female and 1 male ( AMNH) ; same locality, dung traps, 23– 29.I.1992, S. Marshall, 2 males ( AMNH) ; Sendero, luego de Mirador Selkirk , ladera W, S33.63749º W78.85155º (GPS, trayecto +- 50m), elev. 460–539m (barómetro), 18–20.II.2011, bosque de luma con helechos arborescentes, M. Ramírez, E. Soto, J. Pizarro, 1 immature ( MACN-Ar 28091 ) , 1 immature ( MACN-Ar 28090 ) .

Figures

FIGURE 21. Philisca robinson new species (EMS-00156). a–d female paratype (a dorsal habitus; b prosoma, dorsal view; c ventral habitus; d prosoma, ventral view).

FIGURE 22. Philisca robinson new species (EMS-00156). a–d male holotype (a dorsal habitus; b prosoma, dorsal view; c ventral habitus; d prosoma, ventral view).

FIGURE 23. Philisca robinson new species (EMS-00078 and EMS-00156). Male, a–c left palp (a prolateral view, b ventral view, c retrolateral view); d–h copulatory bulb (d prolateral view, e ventral view, f retrolateral view, g apical view, h apical– retrolateral detail view). (C: conductor, E: embolus, MA: median apophysis, PMA: paramedian apophysis).

FIGURE 32. Epigyne of Philisca species. Philisca atrata (a epigyne, ventral view, EMS-00132; b cleared epigyne, dorsal view, MACN-Ar 28022). Philisca robinson (c epigyne, ventral view; d cleared epigyne, dorsal view; EMS-00068 and EMS- 00155). Philisca pizarroi (e epigyne, ventral view; f cleared epigyne, dorsal view; EMS-00067 and EMS-00153). (AB: accessory bulbs, CD: copulatory ducts, MF: median field, S: spermathecae).

FIGURE 35. Male chelicerae of Philisca species, anterior view. a P. accentifera Simon (EMS-00130). b P. atrata (EMS- 00133). c P. robinson (EMS-00156). d P. pizarroi (EMS-00154). e. P. viernes (EMS-00152).