Erythemis haematogastra ( Burmeister, 1839 )

Rodríguez, Fredy Palacino, Sarmiento, Carlos E. & González-Soriano, Enrique, 2015, Morphological variability and evaluation of taxonomic characters in the genus Erythemis Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Libellulidae: Sympetrinae), Insecta Mundi 2015 (428), pp. 1-68 : 16-18

Erythemis haematogastra ( Burmeister, 1839)

( Fig. 1a , 2a–c , 23 , 33 )

Libellula haematogastra Burmeister, 1839: 857 .

Lepthemis hamatogastra Kirby, 1890: 39 . Incorrect spelling.

Type material. Not examined.

Diagnosis. Thorax, dorsum of abdomen, and dark basal spot on HW reddish brown (female and sexually immature male), or thorax and first three abdominal segments brown and abdominal segments 4–10 red (mature male). Basal area on HW does not reach the first antenodal vein or the last rows of cells to anal angle, but reaches beyond the MP crossvein, and the AA ( Fig. 4 ). Posterior extension of ventral teeth on male cercus about the same level as the apex of epiproct or less ( Fig. 13 ). Posterior lobe of the vesica spermalis is not covered by lateral lobe ( Fig. 20 ), which extends more posteriorly than the medial lobe. Hook bilobed, rectangular ( Fig. 25 ) and not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of vesica spermalis ( Fig. 18 ). Cornua diagonal with respect to vesica spermalis transversal axis, with lobes separate to apex, and covered by lateral lobes in lateral view ( Fig. 19 ). Lab> 30mm, LcaS4/LclS4>2.1.

Morphometric ratios of males. AnptFW/LoptFW>0.22; LHW/Acd>3.60; LHW/LFW>0.97; Las/Anas>4.00; LclS3/LcaS3>2.10; LHW/Lab>1.2.00; Lecv-clS3/LcaS3>1.50; Lab/LcaS3>3.00; Lba/ Lban<2.00; Lar/Lba<0.20.

Morphometric ratios of females. Lban/Anb>1.55; LHW/Acd>0.54; LHW/Lab<1.20; Lab/Las>2.50; LclS3/LcaS3>3.00; Lecv-clS3/LcaS3>1.60; Lab/LcaS3>3.00; Antr/Lar>3.00; LFW/Lnpt<2.90; Lar/ Lba<0.14; Lnpt/Anb>1.20.

Head. Ll: 0.0011 –0.0015 mm (M); 0.0014 –0.0015 mm (F). Lw: 0.0030 –0.0036 mm (M); 0.0034 – 0.0038 mm (F). Hwd: 0.006 –0.007 mm (M); 0.0067 –0.0071 mm (F). Hl: 0.0033 –0.0040 mm (M); 0.0031 – 0.0041 mm (F).

Legs. Nsmf: 14–19 (M); 8–10 (F). Nshf: 29–37 (M); 10–18 (F). Hfl: 0.0065 –0.0072 mm (M); 0.0065 – 0.0070 mm (F). Fbsd: 0.0024 –0.0027 mm (M); 0.0026 –0.0040 mm (F). Mfl: 0.0042 –0.0054 mm (M); 0.0041 –0.0046 mm (F). Dshf (the conditions separated by commas are present in different specimens): short spines-3 long spines (M), short spines-1 to 3 median spines-3 to 5 long spines (F).

Wings. LoptFW: 0.0034 –0.0038 mm (M); 0.0035 –0.0042 mm (F). AnptFW: 0.006 –0.008 mm (M); 0.007 –0.009 mm (F). LoptHW: 0.0034 –0.0038 mm (M); 0.0036 –0.0040 mm (F). AnptHW: 0.006 –0.008 mm (M); 0.007 –0.008 mm (F). DfwHW: 0.0061 –0.0069 mm (M); 0.0063 –0.0068 mm (F). LbanFW: 16.46– 18.49mm (M); 17.49–19.19mm (F). LbanHW: 14.33–16.12mm (M); 14.96–16.45mm (F). AndFW: 6.87– 8.48mm (M); 7.85–9.03mm (F). Wb: 8.58–10.29mm (M); 9.02–10.00mm (F). LFW: 35.40–37.53mm (M); 36.92–38.9mm (F). LHW: 34.82–37.05mm (M); 36.38–38.56mm (F). AnsbtFW: 0.0023 –0.0025 mm (M); 0.0023 –0.0025 mm (F). AntrFW: 0.006 –0.009 mm (M); 0.0008 –0.0010 mm (F). LarFW: 0.001 –0.003 mm (M); 0.000 – 0.002 mm (F). LarHW: 0.0006 –0.0030 μ (M); 0.0006 –0.0025 mm (F). LnptFW: 12.00– 12.62mm (M); 13.27–13.89mm (F). LnptHW: 13.71–14.69mm (M); 13.68–15.5mm (F). At-MP: 0.0031 –0.0043 mm (M); 0.0025 –0.0043 mm (F). LbaFW: 0.0031 –0.0034 mm (M); 0.0030 –0.0033 mm (F). LbaHW: 0.0031 – 0.0034 mm (M); 0.0031 –0.0033 mm (F). RP2-loptFW: 0.000.9– 0.0030mm (M); 0.001 –0.005 mm (F). RP2- loptHW: 0.0009 –0.0070 mm (M); 0.0062 –0.0065 mm (F). Dat-lsbt: 0.001 –0.006 mm (M); 0.0012 –0.002 mm (F). Lasa-ca: 0.005 –0.007 mm (M); 0.005 –0.007 mm (F). Crp: 9–10. Cal: 3–8. PC-RA-RP1: 2–3. CdfFW: only 3 rows of cells. Vt: 1. Csub: 3.

Abdomen. Lab: 31.63–40.60mm (M); 33.09–35.60mm (F). LcaS3: 0.0075 –0.0087 mm (M); 0.006 – 0.008 mm (F). LclS3: 0.0020 –0.0022 mm (M); 0.0023 –0.0029 mm (F). Lecv-clS3: 0.0013 –0.0017 mm (M); 0.0013 –0.0016 mm (F).

Caudal appendages. Las: 0.0018 –0.0021 mm (M); 0.0011 –0.0013 mm (F). Poas: 0.001 –0.004 mm (M); 0.001 –0.005 mm (F). Anas: 0.002 –0.004 mm (M); 0.001 –0.004 mm (F). Ddas: 0.0043 –0.0059 mm (M). Epl: 0.0012 –0.0015 mm (M); 0.003 –0.005 mm (F).

Larva. Unknown.

Material examined. BRAZIL, Amapá, Porto Santana , ICOMI, 06.xii.1961, J.C.M. Carvalho, Mielke leg., 1 male, 1 female ( MNRJ) ; same, but 26-27.ii.1963, Roppa, Mielke leg., 1 male ( MNRJ) ; same, but Serra do Navío , 18.ix.1963, H. Berla leg., 2 males ( MNRJ) ; Amazonas, Manaus , km. 38, Elias leg., xi.1959, 2 females ( MNRJ) ; same, but Igarapé, adiante do bifurcais da estrada, Hacotiana e Rio Branco , N. Santos leg., 21.x.1959, 1 male, 1 female ( MNRJ) ; same, but Parintis , 18.i.1973, N. Tangerini leg., 1 male ( MNRJ) ; same, but Poraquequara , i.1973, N. Tangerini leg., 2 males, 1 female ( MNRJ) ; same, but Rio Negro , Pauro leg., 25.vii.1941, 1 female ( MNRJ) ; same, but Manicoré, Rio Madeira, Parko leg., x.1941, 1 male, 2 females ( MNRJ) ; same, but Médio Javari , iii.1963, J.C.M. Carvalho leg., 3 males ( MNRJ) ; same, but Rio Paranari , iv.1937, 1 female ( MNRJ) ; no data, 1 female ( MNRJ) ; Bahia, Itamaraju , monte Pascoal Km. 5, 10-15.i.1972, Elias leg., 6 males, 18 females ( MNRJ) ; Espírito Santo, Conceição da Barra, Cohaire , 16-21.ix.1968, Paulo Elias leg., 1 female ( MNRJ) ; same data as before except collected on: 08.iv.1969 ; 1 female; same, but vii.1971, Elias, Paulo leg., 1 male ( MNRJ) ; same, but Linhares, Estr. Linhares - Regência km. 4, iii.1944, Elias leg., 1 male, 4 females ( MNRJ) ; same, but Estr. nova para Regência km. 6, 10-15.iii.1972, Elias, Paulo leg., 2 males, 6 females ( MNRJ) ; same data as before except collected on: 21-26.ii.1972 ; 5 males; same, but, Estr. nova para Regência km. 7, 01-08. iv.1972, Elias, Paulo leg., 10 males, 9 females ( MNRJ) ; same, but Estrada nova para Regência Km. 8, 10-15.iv.1972, Elias, Paulo leg., 1 male, 4 females ( MNRJ) ; same, but Estr. Linhares a Colatina, parte Norte km. 5, 24-31.v.1972, Elias, Paulo leg., 3 males 4 females ( MNRJ) ; same, but 01-07.ii.1972, Elias, Paulo leg., 2 males, 5 females ( MNRJ) ; same data as before except collected on following dates: 08-14. ii.1972, 3 males 4 females ; 15-19.ii.1972, 3 males, 2 females ; 10-15.iii.1972, 12 males, 14 females; 17-22. iii.1972, 13 males, 9 females; 24-25.iii.1972, 6 males; 22-27.v.1972,; 5 males, 6 females; 01-10.vii.1972, 10 females; xii.1972, 6 males; v.1973, 12 males, 11 female; same, but Rib. Do Engano, Vale do Itaúna , Travassos Santos, 1 male 1 female ( MNRJ) ; same, but Santa Cruz, Estação de Biologia Marinha , 15- i.1973, N. Santos leg., 1 male ( MNRJ) ; same, but Santa Tereza , 16.i.1973, J.M. C leg., 1 male ( MNRJ) ; Mato Grosso, Rio São Lourenço , 02.xi.1983, N. Santos, Ulisses leg., 1 male ( MNRJ) ; Pernambuco, Represa Gurjau, Cabo , 08°- 09°S e 35°- 36°W, 14.ii.2001, J.M. C e L.D.R. Borges leg., 2 males, 1 female ( MNRJ) ; same, but Mun. do São Lourenço , Brejo dos Macacos, 18.ii.1963, N. Santos, D. Lima leg., 1 male ( MNRJ) ; sem procedência, 4 males ( MNRJ) . COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Caucasia, Hacienda la Candelaria, 26.iv.2000, Clase de Entomología , 1 male ( CEUA) ; same, but Santa Fé de Antioquia, Finca Cotove , 6.5530683° -75.8240600°, 540m, 12.iii.2008, M. Altamiranda leg., 1 male ( MEFLG) ; Cesar, Chimichagua , 22.x.2006, N.C. Rojas leg., 1 male ( ICN) ; Córdoba, Pueblo Nuevo , 20.iii.2006, N.C. Rojas leg., 4 females ( ICN) ; Meta, San Martín , 16.v.2006, G. Beltrán leg., 1 male ( ICN) ; Valle , El Medio, 14.ii.2004, 3 females (MUSENUV) . COSTA RICA, Guanacaste Prov., Hda. Taboga , 15.vi.1976, D. R. Paulson leg., 1 female ( RWG) . ECUADOR, Napo Prov., Taracoa, 20 Km E of Puerto Francisco de Orellana, Napo River , 9.vii.1983, T. H. and P. S. Gantenbein leg., 1 male ( RWG) . PERU, Loreto, Aguas Negras , 0°31’22” 75°15’24”, 145 m, 3.iii.1994, J. Louton leg., 1 male ( RWG) . MEXICO, Tamaulipas, Río Guayalejo, Km 170.5 ruta 85 a 1 km. al NE de Llera, 400 m, 26.x.1985, E. González leg., 1 male ( CNIN) .

Biology. Erythemis haematogastra adults are common at small lakes in both conserved and disturbed environments where rest on Eleocharis Brown , Nymphaea Linnaeus , and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms ( Ferreira and Fonseca 2003; Palacino-Rodríguez and Millán 2010). The period of greatest activity of E. haematogastra in rice fields has been registered from 12:00 to 16:00 hrs (Palacino-Rodríguez and Millán 2010).

Distribution. From Mexico to Brazil ( Fig. 33 ), between 3–1000 m.asl.

Figures

Figure 1. a) Plot showing continuous variation for the character distance between lateral and ventral carinae (dlvc), opposite to meeting point of lateral and medial transverse carinae on S3 (lmt). Numbers represent the following species: 1) E. attala, 2) E. carmelita, 3) E. collocata, 4) E. credula, 5) E. haematogastra, 6) E. mithroides, 7) E. peruviana, 8) E. plebeja, 9) E. simplicicollis, 10) E. vesiculosa. b) S1-3 E. carmelita males showing the measures from Williamson (1923): distance between lateral and ventral carinae (dlvc), divided by the measure of distance between meeting point of lateral and medial transverse carinae and ventral carinae (lmt).

Figure 2. Plots of the first two discriminant functions of the discriminant analysis. a) The first two discriminant functions explain 72.5% in males, the cases in where species are overlapped were analyzed by separated in b. b) The first two discriminant functions explain 88.3% in males, and c) The first two discriminant functions explain 83.7% in F. Polygons define the limits of proposed groups.

Figure 33. Erythemis haematogastra distribution map.

Figures 18–25. Discrete characters of vesica spermalis. Numbers represent the following species:18) E. mithroides, dorsal view; 19) E. carmelita, left side view; 20) E. vesiculosa, left side view; 21) E. peruviana, left side view; 22) E. credula, dorsal wiew; 23) E. haematogastra, right side view; 24) E. credula, finger-shaped structures, dorsal view; 25) E. plebeja, dorsal view. Abbreviations indicate the following characters, C: Cornua; L: Lateral lobe; H: Hook; Pb: Posterior border; M: Medial lobe; P: Posterior lobe; NH: Hook not bilobed.

Figures 4–9. Morphometric characters. 4) S1-3 of E. carmelita male, 5-6) E. simplicicollis male; 7) E. peruviana female; 8) FW of E. vesiculosa male; 9) E. simplicicollis male. Abbreviations indicate the following characters, LFW, LHW: FW or HW length; Lnpt: Nodus-pterostigma length; Antr: Triangle width; Lar: Arculus-second antenodal length; Lba: wing base-arculus length; Lban: Wing base-nodus length; Anpt: Pterostigma width; Lopt: Pterostigma length; Ansbt: Subtriangle width; Acd: HW discoidal field posterior border width; Anb: HW base width; Lasa-ca: Supplementary anal vein-Cu-A crossvein, Lab: Abdomen length; Las: Cercus length; Ddas: reach of teeth on ventral region of cercus; Anas: Anterolateral width of cercus; S: Abdominal segment 3; LclS3: Lateral carina length; LcaS3: 3 Apical carina length; Lecv: Ventral carina length; Lecv-clS3: Basal area between ventral-lateral carinae on S3; Wm: Width medial region of the abdominal segment; S 8: Abdominal segment 8; S 9: Abdominal segment 9; Lal: Female lamina length from base of basal lobe to apex.

Figures 10–17. Discrete characters of vulvar lamina, abdominal appendages, thorax, and femur.Numbers represent the following species: 10) E. peruviana female; 11) E. plebeja female; 12) E. simplicicollis male; 13) E. mithroides male; 14) E. vesiculosa male; 15) E. peruviana female; 16) E. vesiculosa female, 17) E. attala male. Abbreviations indicate the following characters, S 8 -S 9: Abdominal segments 8-9; LV: Vulvar lamina; Pb: Posterior border; Vt: Teeth ventral; Ai: Inferior appendage; As: Antehumeral stripe.