Erythemis carmelita Williamson, 1923

Rodríguez, Fredy Palacino, Sarmiento, Carlos E. & González-Soriano, Enrique, 2015, Morphological variability and evaluation of taxonomic characters in the genus Erythemis Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Libellulidae: Sympetrinae), Insecta Mundi 2015 (428), pp. 1-68 : 12-13

Erythemis carmelita Williamson, 1923

( Fig. 1a,b , 2a , 4 , 19 , 30 )

Erythemis carmelita Williamson, 1923: 10 .

Type material. (1 male, 1 female). COLOMBIA. Río Nuevo: between Magangue and El Banco-Magdalena, 22.i.1917, J. H. and E. B. Williamson leg., 1 male holotype ( UMMZ). COLOMBIA. Magdalena: El Banco, 25.i.1917, J. H. and E. B. Williamson leg., 1 female allotype ( UMMZ). Examined.

Diagnosis. Thorax, dorsum of abdomen, and basal area on HW brown or reddish-brown (male) or S1-3 brown-greenish with darker brown spots, S4-7 pale brown with dark brown spots on dorsal and lateral regions, S8-10 dark brown in the dorsal and lateral regions, ventral region with greenish spots (female). Dark basal spot on HW reaching the following regions: first antenodal vein, beyond the MP crossvein, the penultimate (pra, Fig. 26) or the entire row of marginal cells, at least to the AA or most of the base of the triangle. Posterior extension of ventral teeth on male cercus about to the same level as the apex of epiproct or less ( Fig. 13 ). Posterior lobe of vesica spermalis not covered by lateral lobe ( Fig. 21 ), which extends more posteriorly than medial lobe. Hook bilobed, rectangular ( Fig. 25 ), and not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vesica spermalis ( Fig. 18 ). Cornua perpendicular to the transversal axis of vesica spermalis, with lobes separated to apex, and covered by lateral lobes in lateral view ( Fig. 19 ). Vulvar lamina suboval with round posterior border ( Fig. 10 ). Lab ≤ 30mm, lcaS4/ lclS4 <2.10; WmS2/LcaS5 <3.

Morphometric ratios in the male. AnptHW/LoptHW>0.19; Acd/Lban<4.10; And/Lban<4.10;4.10; Lban/Anb>1.90; LHW/Acd<3.60; LHW/LFW>0.97; Lab/LclS3<1.50; Lnpt/Anb>1.50; Lba/Lban<2.00; Lar/Lba>0.20.

Head. Ll: 0.0011 –0.0015 mm (M). Lw: 0.0033 –0.0039 mm (M). Hwd: 0.0065 –0.0068 mm (M). Hl: 0.0037 –0.0043 mm (M).

Legs. Nsmf: 9–19 (M); 5–12 (F). Nshf: 23–36 (M); 11 (F). Hfl: 0.0065 –0.0070 mm (M). Fbsd: 0.0025 – 0.0027 mm (M). Mfl: 0.0040 –0.0043 mm (M). Dshf: short spines-1 (MF) or 2 (F) median spines-3 long spines.

Wings. AvFW: 12–14 (M). AvHW: 9–10 (M). LoptFW: 0.0028 –0.0031 mm (M). AnptFW: 0.0068 – 0.0075 μ (M). LoptHW: 0.0028 –0.0031 mm (M). AnptHW: 0.0068 –0.0075 mm (M). DfwHW: 0.0056 – 0.0067 mm (M). LbanFW: 16.50–17.63mm (M); 17.00mm (F). LbanHW: 14.09–15.37mm (M); 14.25mm (F). AndFW: 7.05–7.44mm (M); 8.07mm (F). AndHW: 7.05–7.38mm (M). Wb: 10.08–10.79mm (M); 9.80mm (F). LFW: 32.72–35.23mm (M); 34.42mm (F). LHW: 32.79–35.18mm (M); 33.16mm (F). AnsbtFW: 0.0021 –0.0024 mm (M). AntrFW: 0.0081 –0.0093 mm (M). LarFW: 0.003 –0.005 mm (M). LarHW: 0.0037 –0.0043 mm (M). LnptFW: 11.08–12.16mm (M); 11.72mm (F). LnptHW: 12.59–13.76mm (M); 13.01mm (F). At-MP: 0.0025 –0.0037 mm (M). LbaFW: 0.0030 –0.0031 mm (M). LbaHW: 0.0031 –0.0032 mm (M). RP2-loptFW: 0.0003 –0.0010 mm (M). RP2-loptHW: 0.003 –0.007 mm (M). Dat-lsbt: 0.0006 –0.001 mm (M). Lasa-ca: 0.004 –0.005 mm (M). Crp: 7. Crp: 5–7 (FW), 5–6 (HW). Cal: 3–6. PC-RA-RP1: 2–3 (FW), 1–3 (HW). CdfFW: only 3 rows of cells; 2 triple cells-2 double cells-3 rows of cells. CdfHW: 1 cell-2 rows of cells. Vt: 1–2, in some cases 1 (left), 2(right).

Abdomen. Lab: 26.99–29.26mm (M); 30.09mm (F). LcaS3: 0.0007 –0.0010 mm (M). LclS3: 0.0021 – 0.0023 mm (M). Lecv-clS3: 0.0012 –0.0015 mm (M).

Caudal appendages. Las: 0.0014 –0.0018 mm (M). Poas: 0.003 –0.004 mm (M). Anas: 0.003 –0.006 mm (M). Ddas: 0.003 –0.005 mm (M). Epl: 0.0012 –0.0013 mm (M).

Biology. This species inhabits ponds, marshes and lakes, where major of males constantly change perches, but keep sites very close to water (F. Palacino, pers. obs.). E. carmelita is commonly found on sunny days between 10:00 and 15:00 hours, when they perch, fly quickly around their territories, copulate and lay eggs. Males are territorial and display continuous intra and interspecific aggression.

Larva. Unknown.

Material examined. BRAZIL, Sem procedência, 7 males, 1 female ( MNRJ) . COLOMBIA, El Banco (Magdalena), 22.I.1917, 4 males ; no data, 1 male ( UARC) ; Magdalena, La Peña , 16.xii.2009, F. Palacino leg., 3 males . PERU, Loreto Dept., Explorama Lodge, 50 mi NE Iquitos on Amazon River at junction with Yanamono River , 3°21’59” 72°47’56”, 30.viii.1989, S. W. Dunkle leg., 1 male ( RWG) .

Figures

Figure 1. a) Plot showing continuous variation for the character distance between lateral and ventral carinae (dlvc), opposite to meeting point of lateral and medial transverse carinae on S3 (lmt). Numbers represent the following species: 1) E. attala, 2) E. carmelita, 3) E. collocata, 4) E. credula, 5) E. haematogastra, 6) E. mithroides, 7) E. peruviana, 8) E. plebeja, 9) E. simplicicollis, 10) E. vesiculosa. b) S1-3 E. carmelita males showing the measures from Williamson (1923): distance between lateral and ventral carinae (dlvc), divided by the measure of distance between meeting point of lateral and medial transverse carinae and ventral carinae (lmt).

Figure 2. Plots of the first two discriminant functions of the discriminant analysis. a) The first two discriminant functions explain 72.5% in males, the cases in where species are overlapped were analyzed by separated in b. b) The first two discriminant functions explain 88.3% in males, and c) The first two discriminant functions explain 83.7% in F. Polygons define the limits of proposed groups.

Figure 30. Erythemis carmelita distribution map.

Figures 4–9. Morphometric characters. 4) S1-3 of E. carmelita male, 5-6) E. simplicicollis male; 7) E. peruviana female; 8) FW of E. vesiculosa male; 9) E. simplicicollis male. Abbreviations indicate the following characters, LFW, LHW: FW or HW length; Lnpt: Nodus-pterostigma length; Antr: Triangle width; Lar: Arculus-second antenodal length; Lba: wing base-arculus length; Lban: Wing base-nodus length; Anpt: Pterostigma width; Lopt: Pterostigma length; Ansbt: Subtriangle width; Acd: HW discoidal field posterior border width; Anb: HW base width; Lasa-ca: Supplementary anal vein-Cu-A crossvein, Lab: Abdomen length; Las: Cercus length; Ddas: reach of teeth on ventral region of cercus; Anas: Anterolateral width of cercus; S: Abdominal segment 3; LclS3: Lateral carina length; LcaS3: 3 Apical carina length; Lecv: Ventral carina length; Lecv-clS3: Basal area between ventral-lateral carinae on S3; Wm: Width medial region of the abdominal segment; S 8: Abdominal segment 8; S 9: Abdominal segment 9; Lal: Female lamina length from base of basal lobe to apex.

Figures 18–25. Discrete characters of vesica spermalis. Numbers represent the following species:18) E. mithroides, dorsal view; 19) E. carmelita, left side view; 20) E. vesiculosa, left side view; 21) E. peruviana, left side view; 22) E. credula, dorsal wiew; 23) E. haematogastra, right side view; 24) E. credula, finger-shaped structures, dorsal view; 25) E. plebeja, dorsal view. Abbreviations indicate the following characters, C: Cornua; L: Lateral lobe; H: Hook; Pb: Posterior border; M: Medial lobe; P: Posterior lobe; NH: Hook not bilobed.

Figures 10–17. Discrete characters of vulvar lamina, abdominal appendages, thorax, and femur.Numbers represent the following species: 10) E. peruviana female; 11) E. plebeja female; 12) E. simplicicollis male; 13) E. mithroides male; 14) E. vesiculosa male; 15) E. peruviana female; 16) E. vesiculosa female, 17) E. attala male. Abbreviations indicate the following characters, S 8 -S 9: Abdominal segments 8-9; LV: Vulvar lamina; Pb: Posterior border; Vt: Teeth ventral; Ai: Inferior appendage; As: Antehumeral stripe.