Pararchidendron I.C. Nielsen, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 5: 327-328. 1983.

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Pararchidendron I.C. Nielsen, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 5: 327-328. 1983.

Figs 226 , 227 , 228 , 233

Type.

Pararchidendron pruinosum (Benth.) I.C. Nielsen [≡ Pithecellobium pruinosum Benth.]

Description.

Unarmed trees or shrubs. Stipules linear not spinescent, usually inconspicuous and caducous. Leaves bipinnate, extrafloral nectaries flat to concave on leaf rachis and pinnae; pinnae 1-4 pairs; leaflets 3-12 pairs per pinnae, alternate, petiolulate. Inflorescence units globose, umbellate, clustered in axillary, pedunculate racemes. Flowers uniform, bisexual, 5-merous, pedicellate; calyx gamosepalous, cupular to hemispherical; corolla gamopetalous, tubular to slightly funnel-shaped, valvate; stamens numerous, united into a tube at the base and shortly united with the corolla tube; pollen in 16-celled polyads, non-isometric channels crossing +/- entirely the tectum, non-radially oriented; ovary solitary, stipitate. Fruit curved into a circle to contorted, chartaceous, flattened, not segmented, dehiscent first along ventral suture, reddish inside, the endocarp not forming envelopes around each seed. Seeds ellipsoid, obovoid or subglobose, with U-shaped pleurogram, without aril, with a thick, black sclerotesta, unwinged.

Chromosome number.

Unknown.

Included species and geographic distribution.

Monospecific ( P. pruinosum ), with four varieties, in Java, Lesser Sunda Islands (Sumbawa, West Flores), Timor-Leste, the island of New Guinea, and Australia (Queensland and New South Wales) (Fig. 233 ).

Ecology.

In Australia this species is reported from the rainforest, coastal scrub and semi-deciduous forest (sea level to 800 m); in the Malesian area it is found in montane rainforest, both primary and secondary (400-2250 m).

Etymology.

The Greek prefix para (= close by) alludes to the similarity of this genus to Archidendron ( Cowan 1998).

Human uses.

Pararchidendron is sold in Australia as a horticultural decorative plant that can be a screen break or shade and produces a decorative general purpose timber ( Cause et al. 1989).

Notes.

Pararchidendron was identified as "Gen. C" by Nielsen (1981b). The monospecific genus Pararchidendron has not been reviewed since it was described by Nielsen et al. (1983a), although the varieties appear to be morphologically consistent across their ranges. Its position in the Archidendron clade is not resolved and sampling in phylogenetic studies has been limited to the Australian variety (var. Pararchidendron pruinosum ). Pararchidendron pruinosum var. pruinosum is restricted to Australia, while the three other varieties are restricted to Malesia and are largely differentiated by the indumentum and shape of the leaflet apex.

Taxonomic references.

Cowan (1998); Nielsen (1992); Nielsen et al. (1983a, 1984b).

Figures

Figure 226. Habit and leaf morphology diversity in genera of the Archidendron clade A Archidendron clypearia (Jack) I. C. Nielsen B Heliodendron thozetianum (F. Muell.) Gill. K. Br. & Bayly C Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R. Rankin D Heliodendron basalticum (F. Muell.) Gill. K. Br. & Bayly E Serianthes kanehirae Fosberg var. kanehirae F Serianthes kanehirae var. yapensis Fosberg G Pararchidendron pruinosum (Benth.) I. C. Nielsen H Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. montana (Jungh.) Benth. with tomentose stems and leaves I Wallaceodendron celebicum Koord. Photo credits A C Ng B R Cumming C J Teo D D Richter E, F JB Friday G G Brown H F and K Starr I Plantoholic Sheila.

Figure 227. Inflorescence and flower diversity of genera in the Archidendron clade A Archidendron vaillantii (F. Muell.) F. Muell. B Archidendropsis paivana (E. Fourn.) I. C. Nielsen C Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R. Rankin D Heliodendron thozetianum (F. Muell.) Gill. K. Br. & Bayly E Serianthes sp. F Pararchidendron pruinosum (Benth.) I. C. Nielsen G Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) I. C. Nielsen H Wallaceodendron celebicum Koord. Photo credits A, F A Furhmann B B Henry C JB Friday D S Worboys E T Rodd G AndyBonsai H Plantaholic Sheila.

Figure 228. Fruit and seed diversity of genera in the Archidendron clade A fruit of Archidendron lucyi F. Muell. (Brown 169) B open pod of Archidendropsis streptocarpa (E. Fourn.) I. C. Nielsen showing winged seeds C opened pod of Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R. Rankin D Heliodendron xanthoxylon (C. T. White & W. D. Francis) Gill. K. Br. & Bayly opened pod (Hyland 9229) E Heliodendron basalticum (F. Muell.) Gill. K. Br. & Bayly winged seeds (Canning & B. Rimes 6173) F-H Serianthes dilmyi Fosberg showing the indehiscent (to very tardily dehiscent) (rarely) woody pods with transverse seeds which are each isolated in a chamber I Pararchidendron pruinosum (Benth.) I. C. Nielsen fruit and seedling J Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) I. C. Nielsen immature pods (Brown 204 A) K Wallaceodendron celebicum Koord. pod. Photo credits A, I, J G Brown B B Henry C JB Friday D, E Queensland Herbarium F-H R CJ Lim K Plantaholic Sheila.

Figure 233. Distribution of Pararchidendron based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.