Trachythyone cynthiae, O’Loughlin, Mark, 2009

O’Loughlin, Mark, 2009, BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), Zootaxa 2196, pp. 1-18 : 10-12

Trachythyone cynthiae sp. nov.

Figures 2 e, 3a, c, e; table 1.

Trachythyone sp. MoV 2003 O’Loughlin et al., 1994: 552.

Material examined. Holotype. Eastern Antarctica, Prydz Bay, 67°41'S 77°16'E, 333–341 m, ANARE AA91 stn 75, C.C. Lu & T.N. Stranks, 17 Feb 1991, NMV F165718.

Paratypes. Type locality and date, NMV F68087 (3); Prydz Bay, 307–319 m, ANARE 87 stn 23, NMV F165717 (5); 188–208 m, ANARE 87 stn 31, NMV F161551 (2).

Other material. Enderby Land, 193 m, BANZARE stn 41, SAM K2423 (2); 220 m, BANZARE stn 42, SAM K2422 (32); 690–911 m, 50°E ANARE, NMV F61505 (1); MacRobertson Land, 177 m, BANZARE stn 107, SAM K2424 (6); 109–121 m, ANARE, NMV F69119 (2); 118 m, NMV F68667 (1); Fram Bank, 145– 150 m, NMV F68093 (5); 304 m, NMV F161483 (3); 105–114 m, NMV F68666 (1); 204–216 m, NMV F68665 (2); 795–830 m, NMV F68664 (1); 98–301 m, NMV F68091 (2); 444–453 m, NMV F68098 (7); Prydz Bay, 307–319 m, NMV F161511 (2); 505–578 m, NMV F161491 (1); 405–439 m, NMV F68069 (1).

Diagnosis. Body elongate, fusiform, tapered posteriorly, distinct tail; up to 60 mm long (preserved, excluding tentacles); body wall parchment-like, thin, calcareous, not rugose; 10 dendritic tentacles, ventral pair small; tube feet thin, elongate, not retractile, in radial series, predominantly single spaced series, sometimes zig-zag to double rows, radial rows symmetrical around body, series do not cross introvert; calcareous ring lacking posterior prolongations, radial plates with narrow sub-rectangular anterior projection, interradial plates with digitiform projection tapered anteriorly, all plates with rounded notch posteriorly; single polian vesicle; gonad tubules long, thin, unbranched.

Mid-dorsal body wall ossicles thick perforated plates, spinous cups; plates elongate, narrow, predominantly 2 perforations wide, plates up to 608 µ m long, lacking knobs over most of plate, some plates with knobs and terminal pointed spines at one end, not spinous spires; cups round to slightly oval, typically 64 µ m long (up to 72 µ m), deep, bluntly spinous, spines sub-digitiform, cups frequently closed by bridges across rim. Multi-layered scale ossicles anally, irregular pear shape, up to 680 µ m long. Tentacle ossicles rod-derived perforated plates, round to oval to elongate, curved to bent to cupped, thick blunt margin and surface spines, plates up to 880 µ m long.

Distribution. Eastern Antarctic coast, 50°–77°E, 98– 911 m.

Etymology. Named for my esteemed and valued colleague the late Cynthia Gust Ahearn, formerly Echinoderm Museum Specialist in the United States National Museum of Natural History in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC, with particular appreciation of Cynthia’s role in sending the BANZARE collection of holothuroids to Museum Victoria for my attention.

Remarks. The distinguishing diagnostic characters of Trachythyone cynthiae sp. nov. amongst Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Trachythyone species ( T. bouvetensis , T. mackenzieae sp. nov. (below), T. maxima and possibly T. parva ) are: predominantly single radial series of non-retractile tube feet; narrow body wall plates, frequently with knobs and marginal spines at one end; frequent closure of cups by bridges across rim.

Figures

FIGURE 2. a – c, Clarkiella deichmannae sp. nov.: a, holotype (SAM K 2474, 22 mm long), (insert) radial (left) and interradial plates of calcareous ring; b, large tentacle ossicle (264 µ m long, paratype, SAM K 2375); c, tables from middorsal body wall (photos above, drawings below), discs (112 µ m long) with spires (paratype, SAM K 2375); d, Pseudocnus intermedia (Théel, 1886): thin elongate body (SAM K 2384, 65 mm long), (left insert, NMV F 84984) middorsal body wall knobbed buttons (128 µ m long) and terminally spinous plates (176 µ m long). d (right insert): Pseudocnus laevigatus (Verrill, 1876): distally spinous plate from mid-dorsal body wall (220 µ m long, SAM K 2387). e, Trachythyone cynthiae sp. nov.: holotype (NMV F 165718, 50 mm long), (insert) radial (left) and interradial plates of calcareous ring. f, Trachythyone mackenzieae sp. nov.: holotype (NMV F 68073, 37 mm long), (insert) radial (left) and interradial plates of calcareous ring.