Calystegia brummittii P.P.A.Ferreira & Sim.

Ferreira, Priscila Porto Alegre, Simão-Bianchini, Rosangela & Miotto, Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia, 2013, Three new species of Convolvulaceae Juss. from South America, Phytotaxa 135 (1), pp. 27-34 : 27-29

Calystegia brummittii P.P.A.Ferreira & Sim. -Bianch., sp. nov. [ Figs. 1 (A — G); 4(A — D)].

Affinis Calystegiae sepium , sed ab ea pedunculo alato et spicis capituliformibus differt.

Type: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Urupema, caminho para Painel , 27°57'15.4"S, 049°55'48.2"W, March 2010, fl., P . P . A. Ferreira et al. 375 (holotype: ICN; isotype: K) .

Slender climber, stems twining, glabrous, milky sap not seen. Petiole 3–6 cm long, glabrous; leaf blade entire, sagittate or ovate with base cordate, 4–15 x 3–8 cm, glabrous, apex acute to acuminate, mucronate. Inflorescence in capitate axillary cymes, with 1–3 flowers. Peduncle 3–12 cm long, glabrous, 4-winged, wings wavy; primary and secondary bracteoles broadly elliptic to suborbicular, 1–2.5 x 0.8–2.3 cm, glabrous, apex carinate; pedicels absent. Sepals subequal; outer three oblong to obovate, 0.8–1 x 0.6–0.7 cm, glabrous, with apex obtuse, mucronate; inner two broadly obovate, 1–1.2 x 0.7–0.8 cm, glabrous, with apex obtuse, mucronate. Corolla funnelform, 3–4 cm long, glabrous on the exterior. Stamens unequal, included, 1.5–1.8 cm long, the filaments fused to the base of the corolla tube, glandular pubescent at the base. Pollen pantoporate with microgranulate exine. Ovary subglobose, glabrous, 1-loculed, 4-ovuled; style entire, glabrous, 2–2.4 cm long; stigmas 2, clavate, 0.2 mm long. Capsule and seeds not seem.

Distribution and habitat: Calystegia comprises about 25 species, distributed mostly in temperate regions ( Brummitt, 1995). In southern Brazil, only two species are found: the widespread Calystegia sepium (L. 1753a: 153) R.Br. (1810: 483), and Calystegia brummittii , recorded from the margins of Subtropical Mixed Forest ( Araucaria forest) in the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.

Conservation Status: —According to the IUCN Red list criteria ( IUCN, 2001) the species is considered to be vulnerable (VU, subcriteria A3ce – a decline of quality of habitat and the effect of introduced taxa), due to the introduction of Pinus spp. in the species occurrence area.

Paratypes:— BRASIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Canela, Caracol, 17 February 1953, K . Emrich s.n. ( PACA 52862 ); Farroupilha, Santa Rita, 29 January 1949, B . Rambo 40356 ( PACA); 7 February 1950, B . Rambo 45747 ( HBR) . Santa Catarina: Matos Costa, Porto União, 22 April 1962, R . Reitz & M . Klein 12829 ( HBR); São Joaquim, Invernadinha , 24 January 1966, J . Mattos 13073 ( HAS); Urubici, Morro da Igreja , 15 January 2013, L. A . Funez 1402 ( FURB); Serra do Corvo Branco , 17 February 1995, G . Hatschbach et al. 61703 ( MBM), Morro Parapante , 9 February 2007, G . Hatschbach & O . Ribas 79938 ( MBM) .

The main distinguishing characteristics of Calystegia brummittii are the winged peduncles, capitate cymes with up to three flowers, and the relatively small corollas less than 4 cm long.

Calystegia sepium is widespread and exhibits extensive morphological variation, but consistently differs from C. brummitti in having peduncles not winged and solitary flowers. Calystegia macrostegia ( Greene 1885: 208) Brummitt (1965: 214) occurs in California, and also has more than one flower per inflorescence, but the peduncles are not winged. Calystegia pulchra Brummitt & Heywood (1960: 385) , from eastern Siberia and, now widely naturalised in Europe, has winged peduncles, but the peduncles are shorter (3–5 cm long versus 3–12cm long in C. brummittii ), the corolla is larger (6 cm long in C. pulchra versus 3–4cm long in C. brummittii ) and pink (versus white in C. brummittii ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Calystegia brummitti. A. Stem. B. Primary bracteole. C. Secondary bracteole. D. Outer sepals. E. Inner sepals. F. Stamen. G.Gynoecium (A—G: P.P.A. Ferreira et al. 375).