Phonotimpus padillai Chamé-Vázquez, Campuzano & Ibarra-Núñez, 2021

Chamé-Vázquez, David, Campuzano, Emmanuel F. & Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo, 2021, A new species of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from Mexico and the transfer of Gosiphrurus schulzefenai Chamberlin & Ivie to Phonotimpus, Zootaxa 4938 (5), pp. 571-580 : 572-575

Phonotimpus padillai Chamé-Vázquez, Campuzano & Ibarra-Núñez sp. nov.

Figures 1–2

Type material. Holotype ♂: MEXICO: Estado de Mexico: Municipio de Coatepec Harinas, Coatepec Harinas (18º55’47.622’’N, 99º45’14.984’’W, 2277m a.s.l.), 14 Aug. 2010, in pine-oak forest, pitfall trap, leg. E.F. Campuzano, A. García, M. Desales ( ECOTAAR-000462 ) . Allotype 1♀: same data as holotype except 19 Sep. 2010 ( ECOTAAR-000464 ) .

Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype except 19 Sep. 2010 ( CNAN) ; 1♂, same data except 20 Nov. 2010 ( ECOTAAR-000466 ) ; 1♂ same data except 16 Jul. 2010 ( AMNH) ; 1♀, same data except 14 Aug. 2010 (ECOTAAR-000461), 1♀ ( CNAN) , 1♀ ( AMNH) ; 1♀, same data except 16 Oct. 2010 ( CAS) ; 1♂, same data except 18º55’20.3’’N, 99º45’28’’W, 2145 m, 16 Oct. 2010 ( CAS) .

Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Jorge R. Padilla Ramírez (Mexican entomologist), who supported the field trips to the type locality.

Diagnosis. Phonotimpus padillai sp. nov. females resemble P. marialuisae and P. schulzefenai comb. nov. by having wide copulatory duct chambers, spermathecae located posterior to the copulatory openings, and males in having a palpal femur with a deep retrolateral femoral groove associated with a distinct femoral apophysis, RTA in ectal view not tapering from its base, embolus tip retrolaterally directed, embolar basal process sigmoidal, conductor rhomboidal, and spur-like distal tegular apophysis dorsal to the conductor ( Fig. 2F ). Furthermore, P. padillai sp. nov. resemble P. marialuisae by having the bursae and spermathecae arising laterally to the CDC assemblage, which is wider than long. Females of P. padillai sp. nov. differ from those species by having an epigynum with two diagonal slit-like copulatory openings closer anteriorly ( Fig. 1I ), and the copulatory duct chambers not fused and larger than the spermathecae ( Figs 1 F–H, J); males differ by having a straight RTA, nearly same width throughout its length except at the apex, which is attenuated and turned dorsally ( Fig. 2C ) and distal half of embolus laminar and bifurcated ( Figs 2 D–F). Additionally, P. padillai sp. nov. differ from P. schulzefenai comb. nov. by having the CO slits in the center of epigynal plate, bursae and spermathecae arising laterally to the CDC assemblage, which is wider than long, spermathecae touching each other only posteriorly, and RTA not widened before the tip.

Description. Male (ECOTAAR-000462). Carapace and chelicerae light-brown, labium, endites and sternum yellowish. Palps and legs yellowish. Dorsum of opisthosoma with brown markings anteriorly and five faded chevrons posteriorly, scutum inconspicuous; venter pale brown ( Figs 1 A–B). Total length 1.85; carapace 0.92 long, 0.75 wide; opisthosoma 0.93 long, 0.65 wide. Carapace pear-shaped and fovea longitudinal. AER straight, PER slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.06, PME 0.04, PLE 0.06, AME-AME 0.01, AME-ALE touching, PME-PME 0.04, PME-PLE 0.02, ALE-PLE 0.04, MOA 0.14 long, front width 0.11, back width 0.14. Clypeus height 0.07. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth; paturon with two frontal spines. Labium as long as wide (0.13/0.13), endites longer than wide (0.26/0.20), sternum slightly wider than long (0.55/0.54). Opisthosoma oval, dorsal scutum inconspicuous, covering roughly 2/3 of opisthosoma. Leg measurements: I 2.95 (0.80, 0.31, 0.78, 0.73, 0.33), II 2.56 (0.73, 0.29, 0.56, 0.59, 0.39), III 2.26 (0.61, 0.24, 0.45, 0.53, 0.43), IV 3.15 (0.82, 0.27, 0.65, 0.83, 0.58). Leg spination: femur I p0-0-2; II d1-0-0, p0-0-1; III-IV d1-0-0; tibia I-II v4-4-4; metatarsus I-II v4-2-1. Pedipalpus: femur with deep retrolateral groove associated with distinct femoral apophysis and cluster of setae on prolateral side ( Fig. 2G ), spination d0-0-1. In retrolateral view, RTA straight, nearly same width throughout length except apex, which is attenuated and turned dorsally; DTA tapered, slightly curved to cymbium ( Figs 2A, C ). In dorsal view, DTA tip turned prolaterally ( Fig. 1A ), cymbium with shallow groove wherein DTA rests. In ventral view, tegulum protruding proximally; embolus with broad base ( Fig. 2B ), distal half laminar, tip bifurcated, directed to ectal side ( Figs 2 E–F); embolar basal process sigmoid, wrinkled, shorter than embolus; membranous conductor rhomboid ( Figs 2 D–E). In apical view, tegular apophysis spur-like, dorsal to conductor ( Fig. 2F ).

Female (ECOTAAR-000464). Carapace and opisthosoma with background light-brown, carapace mottled with dark markings and opisthosoma with five chevrons in posterior half ( Fig. 1C ), sternum, chelicerae, and legs yellowish, with dusky mottling ( Fig. 1D ), venter gray with two dark, parallel diffuse bands from epigastric furrow to tracheal spiracle; copulatory openings area black, heavily sclerotized ( Figs 1 D–G). Total length 2.39; carapace 1.01 long, 0.87 wide; opisthosoma 1.38 long, 1.03 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.07, AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.06, PME-PLE 0.02, ALE-PLE 0.04, MOA 0.16 long, front width 0.11, back width 0.14. Clypeus height 0.07. Cheliceral teeth and spines on paturon as in male. Labium slightly wider than long (0.15/0.13), endites longer than wide (0.31/0.20), sternum longer than wide (0.67/0.62). Opisthosoma oval, dorsal scutum inconspicuous, covering slightly less than half of opisthosoma. Leg measurements: I 3.23 (0.87, 0.38, 0.93, 0.72, 0.33), II 2.95 (0.83, 0.36, 0.67, 0.70, 0.39), III 2.64 (0.72, 0.30, 0.53, 0.66, 0.43), IV 3.73 (0.95, 0.35, 0.87, 0.97, 0.59). Leg spination: femur I-II p0-0-2; III-IV d1-0-0; tibia I v6-4-4; II v4-4-3; metatarsus I v4-2-2; II v3-3-3; pedipalpus femur d0-0-1, patella p1-0-0, tibia d1-0-1, p1-0-0, ventral patch of setae on tarsus. Epigynum with diagonal slit-like copulatory openings closer anteriorly ( Fig. 1I ). Vulva with copulatory duct chambers not fused, each larger than spermatheca, kidney-shaped bursae large, almost contiguous anteriorly, bursae and spermathecae arising laterally to CDC assemblage, which is wider than long, primary spermathecae oval, almost contiguous posteriorly ( Fig. 1 F–H); secondary spermatheca short and thin, directed anteriorly (black arrow in Figs 1 F–H, white arrow in Fig. 1J ); fertilization duct arising mesally.

Variation. Males (n=5) total length 1.76–2.23, carapace 0.92–1.00 long, 0.75–0.78 wide, dorsal scutum covering 2/3 to 3/4 of opisthosoma. Females (n=5) total length 2.34–2.98, prosoma 1.01–1.44 long, 0.84–1.06 wide, dorsal scutum covering roughly 2/5 of opisthosoma. Tibiae or metatarsi of forelegs of both sexes usually with one, rarely two spines missing.

Natural history. Specimens were caught with pitfall traps in pine-oak forests. This species has been found in sympatry with P. schulzefenai comb. nov. in the state of Mexico ( Phonotimpus sp1 and D. schulzefenai in Campuzano & Padilla-Ramirez 2020).

Distribution. Known only from the type locality ( Fig. 5 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Phonotimpus padillai sp. nov. A, male habitus, dorsal; B, same, ventral; C, female habitus, dorsal; D, same, ventral; E, epigynum, ventral; F, same cleared; G, epigynum cleared, dorsal; H, same, illustration; I, epigynum, ventral; J, same, dorsal. Scale bars: a–d = 0.5 mm; e–j = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Phonotimpus padillai sp. nov. A, male pedipalpus, prolateral; B, same, ventral; C, same, retrolateral; D, detail of the copulatory bulb, prolateral; E, same, ventral; F, same, apical; G, palpal femur, ventral. Scale bars: A–C = 0.1 mm; D–G = 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 5. Known distribution of Phonotimpus species (Phrurolithidae): blue triangle, P. eutypus; yellow square, P. separatus; gray circles, P. schulzefenai comb. nov.; green pentagon, P. marialuisae; red star, P. padillai sp. nov.; purple cross, P. pennimani; black diamond, P. talquian.