Paraphaea formosana ( Jedlicka , 1946) Shi & Zhou & Liang, 2013

Shi, Hongliang, Zhou, Hongzhang & Liang, Hongbin, 2013, Taxonomic synopsis of the subtribe Physoderina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), with species revisions of eight genera, ZooKeys 284, pp. 1-129 : 15-16

Paraphaea formosana ( Jedlicka, 1946) comb. n. Habitus: Figs 2 34 male genitalia: Fig. 68

Parena formosana Jedlička 1946: 9 (original: Parena ; type locality: Kuraru (Taiwan); holotype deposited in NMPC); Jedlička 1963: 450 ( Anchista ).

Type examined.

Holotype of Parena formosana Jedlička, by monotypy (NMPC): male, body length = 7.0 mm, board mounted, genitalia dissected and deposited in microvial pinned under specimen " Kuraru / Formosa. / 8-V.1935 / Col Y. Miwa"; “TYPUS” [red label with black frame]; " formosana / sp. n. / DET. ING. JEDLIČKA” [pink label][Fig. 34].

Notes on type.

Type locality “Kuraru” is the old spelling of “Kueitzuchiao”, in the area of "Kenting National Park" at the southernmost part of Taiwan.

Non-type material examined

(Total 10 specimens). 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Pingtung County, Lilong Mt., 2008.XI.5 N, Chou Wen-I leg." [Fig. 2]. 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Pingtung County, Fenggang, Longfengsi, 2010.VIII.8 N, Lin Wensin leg.". 1 male (MTMB), "Taiwan: Pingtung County, Kenting National Park, Hengchun Research Center, 21°57'43.0"N, 120°48'50.0"E, Lanyu plant collection, sweeping, 2008.VIII.18., leg. Redei D & Tsai JF". 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taitung County, Haiduan, 1996.V.18, Chou Wen-I leg."[Fig. 68]. 1 male (CCCC), "Taiwan, Taoyuan County, Fusing, Shangbaling, 1200m, 1994.VII.30, Chen Changchin leg.". 1 female (MTMB), "Taiwan, Taipei county, PiHu, at light, 3.IV.2002, leg. Gy. Fabian & O. Merkl". 1 female (NHML), "yauo. F. 31. FORMOSA MC:AR1 Abatsusen?. XII. 07 y. yauo"; "H. E. Andrewes Coll. B. M. 1945-97". 1 female (NHML), "Mokuriryo, Near Mt. Ari, Formosa 1-IV. 1938 Coll. Yoshio Yano"; "H. E. Andrewes Coll. B. M. 1945-97". 1 male (NHML), "Mokuriryo, Near Mt. Ari, Formosa 1-IV. 1938 Coll. Yoshio Yano"; "H. E. Andrewes Coll. B. M. 1945-97". 1 female (NHML), "Formosa KAGI MT. TAIKOU 1937 Coll. Y. Yano."; "27-12-1937 Coll. Yoshio Tano."; "No. 626 YOSHIO YANO COLLECTION"; "H. E. Andrewes Coll. B. M. 1945-97".

Diagnosis.

Pronotum glabrous, widest at middle, lateral margins sinuate before hind angles; elytra dark brown without pattern, or disc with a faint reddish patch; elytra with three or four setigerous pores on 3rd interval and one setigerous pore on base of 5th interval, in some specimens odd intervals with a few secondary setae; median lobe of aedeagus with apical third slightly expanded, internal sac with sinuous main flagellum ( Fig. 68 ).

This species is closest to Paraphaea minor . Distinguishing characters are provided in the diagnosis of Paraphaea minor .

Description.

Body length 7.0-7.8 mm; head and pronotum reddish brown to dark brown, lateral explanate areas of pronotum paler; mouthparts, antennae and legs yellowish brown or reddish brown; elytra with luster, uniformly dark brown or disc somewhat reddish, in some specimens with a faint reddish patch on central area, the patch at most reaching 6th interval; ventral side yellowish brown to dark brown. Head glabrous, without punctures or microsculpture. Pronotum cordiform, widest near middle; ratio PW/PL 1.31 to 1.40; pronotal base briefly but distinctly lobed; disc glabrous, microsculpture indistinct, without punctures; front angles with a few setae, sometimes abundant and long (in specimens with additional interval setae), or sparse and short, but always distinctly longer than in Paraphaea binotata ; lateral margins completely rounded in middle, sinuate before hind angles; front angles wide and rounded, not projected; hind angles rectangular or nearly so, slightly pointed; disc moderately convex; basal foveae wide and even, with a few punctures. Elytra with striae distinct, finely punctate along striae; intervals slightly convex, without punctures or microsculpture; 3rd interval with three or four setigerous pores, the apical one placed about apical one-eighth, adjacent to 2nd stria, position of the other two or three pores variable, pore number and position variable even in same specimen; 5th interval with one setigerous pore near base, adjacent to 5th stria; in some specimens, the odd intervals with some secondary setae; 17-19 umbilical pores on 9th interval. Male genitalia. Median lobe of aedeagus with apical third slightly expanded; in dorsal view, left-lateral margin moderately sinuate medially, and then gradually narrowed to apex; apical lamella placed in left-ventral side, narrowly triangular, apex rounded, slightly prolonged; internal sac with main flagellum sinuous; basal part of main flagellum moderately bent, trumpet-form expansion adjacent to left margin, apical margin of trumpet-form expansion not crenulate ( Fig. 68 ). Female genitalia not studied.

Distribution

( Map 2 ). This species is endemic in Taiwan.

Geographical variation.

This is a highly variable species, although not widely distributed. According to the eleven specimens examined, three forms exist on Taiwan island: (1) The typical form is found in the southernmost part of Taiwan (four specimens examined), with elytra uniformly dark brown or disc slightly reddish and intervals without secondary setae; (2) specimens from the Alishan Mountains (four specimens examined), with a faint reddish patch in the middle of the elytra; (3) specimens from the lowlands of Taiwan (three specimens examined from Taitung, Taoyuan and Taipei) with secondary setae on odd intervals, and setae on front angles of pronotum distinctly more abundant and longer than the other two forms. These three forms are different only in color and secondary setae. We dissected the holotype, two typical form from Pingtung and a lowland form from Taitung, and found no significant differences between their male genitalia. We didn’t study male genitalia of the Alishan form.

Figures

Map 2. Known distribution of genus Paraphaea II: ▲ Paraphaea minor sp. n. ◆ Paraphaea philippinensis (Jedlicka) ★ Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka).

Figure 68. Median lobe of male genitalia, right-lateral, ventral, left-lateral, dorsal views of Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka), a specimen from Taiwan.

Figures 1 - 6. Habitus, scale bars = 2.0 mm: 1 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), a specimen from Yunnan 2 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka), a specimen from Taiwan 3 Paraphaea minor sp. n., a paratype from Hainan 4 Anchista brunnea (Wiedemann), a paralectotype of picea Chaudoir from India 5 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), a specimen from Nepal 6 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), a specimen from Nepal.

Figures 31 - 36. Type materials, scale bars = 2.0 mm: 31 Lectotype of Plochionus binotatus Dejean [= Paraphaea binotata (Dejean)] 32 Lectotype of Calleida discophora Chaudoir [= Paraphaea binotata (Dejean)] 33 Lectotype of Paraphaea signifera Bates [= Paraphaea binotata (Dejean)] 34 Holotype of Parena formosana Jedlicka [= Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka)] 35 Holotype of Paraphaea minor sp. n. 36 Holotype of Coptodera philippinensis Jedlicka [= Paraphaea philippinensis (Jedlicka)].