Carpinus turczaninovii Hance

Holstein, Norbert & Weigend, Maximilian, 2017, No taxon left behind? - a critical taxonomic checklist of Carpinus and Ostrya (Coryloideae, Betulaceae), European Journal of Taxonomy 375, pp. 1-52 : 30-31

41. Carpinus turczaninovii Hance

Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 10 (44): 203 ( Hance 1868). – Type: China, in collibus ad occidentem urbis Peking [Beijing] sitis, Aug. 1865, S.W. Williams 12681 (holo-: K000859937!). – Additional original material: China, in collinis Pekinensibus, Aug. 1865, S.W. Williams 12681 (BM000580390!). – Additional original material?: China, in ditione Pekinensis, Aug. 1866, S.W. Williams 12681 (GH00112537!, LE). – Note: several gatherings are distributed with the number 12681, all belonging to the same species. Winkler (1914: 502) already mentions the admixed nature of the specimens with the same “collection” number. Hance cited “collibus ad occidentem urbis Peking, m. Augusto 1865,” which is only written on the specimen K000859937, which is therefore the holotype. However, the other specimens seen by the present authors were distributed from Hance’s collection, so they are original material.

C. paxii H.J.P.Winkl., Das Pflanzenreich IV 61 (Heft 19): 35 ( Winkler 1904). – Type: China, Peking, Tsetai-ssu, H. Wawra von Fernsee 1067 (syn-: B†, W†; isosyn-: A00033761!). – Note: Winkler (1914: 502) acknowledged C.K. Schneider’s comment that his C. paxii is synonymous to C. turczaninovii . This name is not mentioned in the Flora of China ( Li & Skvortsov 1999), but it is listed as synonym of C. turczaninovii in the Flora of Japan ( Ohwi 1965) and in the Flora Sichuanica (Editorial Board of the Flora Sichuanica 2012).

C. stipulata H.J.P.Winkl., Das Pflanzenreich IV 61 (Heft 19): 35 ( Winkler 1904). – C. turczaninovii var. stipulata (H.J.P.Winkl.) H.J.P.Winkl., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 50 (Suppl.): 505 ( Winkler 1914). – Type: China, Schensi [Shaanxi], C-China, im Tsin-ling-shan-Gebirge, 10 Jul. 1900, G. [Giuseppe, but also called Joseph; Reverend] Giraldi 7267 (lecto-, designated here: K000859930!; isolecto-: A00077468!, B†). – Note: this name is listed as a synonym of C. turczaninovii in the Flora of Japan ( Ohwi 1965), but it is accepted as a distinct species in the Flora of China ( Li & Skvortsov 1999).

C. tanakaeana Makino, The Botanical Magazine [Tokyo] 28: 32 ( Makino 1914). – Type: Japan, Tokushima, prov. Tosa, Mt. Yokogura (on limestone), T. Makino s.n. (holo-: MAK046499!).

C. turczaninovii var. makinoi H.J.P.Winkl., Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 50 (Suppl.): 505 ( Winkler 1914). – Type: Japan, prov. Tosa, 1889, T. Makino 277 (syn-: not localized); ibid., s. loc., M. Shirai s.n. (syn-: not localized). – Note: this name is not listed in the World Checklist ( Govaerts & Frodin 1998) or in the WCSP (2016), but listed as a synonym of C. turczaninovii in the Flora of Japan ( Ohwi 1965).

C. coreana Nakai, The Botanical Magazine [Tokyo] 40: 162 ( Nakai 1926). – C. turczaninovii var. coreana (Nakai) W.T.Lee, Lineamenta Florae Koreae 166 ( Lee 1996). – Type: South Korea, [Jeollanam-do], in monte Kannonzan insl. Wangto, 20 Jun. 1913, T. Nakai 581 (holo-: TI). – Additional type material: South Korea, [Incheon], prov. Keiki, Chemulpo [Jemulpo], in horto residentis germanici, Sep. 1906, U.J. Faurie 202 [cited as E. Taquet 202] (para-: BM000580428, E00275514!, P05591545!); ibid., [Jeollanam-do,], prov. Zennan, monte Yudalsan [mt.], Mokpo [city near Yudalsan], T. Nakai 9377 (para-: not localized); ibid., [Jeollanam-do], in silvis Genkeimen, T. Nakai 9378 (para-: not localized); ibid., [Jeollanam-do], in monte insl. Chito, T. Nakai 9379 (para-: not localized); ibid., [Jeollanam-do], in silvis montis Semsatsuzan insl. Chinto [Jindo], T. Nakai 9381 (para-: not localized); ibid., [Jeollanam-do], in silvis insl. Baikato, T. Ishidoya and Chung 3382 (para-: not localized); ibid., [Jeollanam-do], in monte Monganzan insl. Daikokuzanto, T. Ishidoya and Chung 3384 (para-: not localized); ibid., [Jeju,] Quelpaert [Jeju-do]: in silvis, E. Taquet 6220 (para-: not localized); ibid., [Jeollanam-do], Kantoku, T. Nakai 1439 (para-: not localized); Japan, [Nagasaki], Tsusima [Tsushima] in monte Sumo-shiratake, T. Nakai s.n. (para-: not localized). – Note: Carpinus coreana is cited as a distinct species in the World Checklist ( Govaerts & Frodin 1998), but listed as a synonym of C. turczaninovii in WCSP (2016). Nakai described his new species by using the differences of some Korean specimens that had been discussed by Winkler (1914) as being similar to C. turczaninovii , but not typical. Sun et al. (2011) used three accessions in their phylogeny and found one to be almost inseparable from C. turczaninovii [Lee s.n. (SKK); Yoo & Wen (2002)], and two being closely related to C. fangiana and C. japonica . Although the three accessions could not be examined, it is likely that the first one concerns C. coreana . For the two other accessions no specimen is cited, but they were discussed by Sun et al. (2011) as differing by “long hairs on the mid vein, inflorescences, and leaf margin veins”. The placement in the phylogeny, however, rather suggests that those specimens belong to the Distegocarpus group, and hence might be misidentified C. japonica or C. cordata .

C. coreana var. major Nakai, The Botanical Magazine [Tokyo] 40: 162 ( Nakai 1926). – Type: South Korea, [Hwanghae-namdo], Yooshin, prov. Kokei, T.H. Chung [Chung-tyai-hyon] s.n. (holo-: TI). – Note: according to the diagnosis, the large leaf and bract size rather suggest stronger affinities to C. tschonoskii than to C. turczaninovii , however this remains speculative without having examined the type. Jeon & Chang (1997), Chang et al. (2014a) and the WCSP (2016) consider this to be a synonym of C. turczaninovii .

C. chowii Hu , Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 13: 333 ( Hu 1932). – Type: China, Hopei, Fang-shan, 500 m a.s.l., 5 Oct. 1931, H.F. Chow 41730 (lecto-, designated here: PE00021883!; isolecto-: A00033750!, PE00021884!, PE00802985!).

C. coreana var. multiflora Nakai ex Kawamoto, Handbook of Korea-Manchurian Forestry: 92 ( Kawamoto 1939). – Type:not localized. – Note: this name is neither mentioned in the World Checklist ( Govaerts & Frodin 1998) nor in the Flora of China ( Li & Skvortsov 1999) or the WCSP (2016). Jeon & Chang (1997) consider is to be synonymous with C. turczaninovii, Chang et al. (2014a) list it as invalid name. The present authors did not have the protologue at hand for verification.

C. turczaninovii var. arguta Uyeki, Woody-Plants and their Distributions in Tyôsen: 16 ( Uyeki 1940). – Type: not localized. – Note: this name is not mentioned in the World Checklist ( Govaerts & Frodin 1998) or the WCSP (2016), but Chang et al. (2014a) list it as a invalid name. The present authors did not see the protologue to confirm this.

C. turczaninovii var. chungnanensis P.C.Kuo, Flora Tsinlingensis 1 (2): 601 (Instituto Botanico Boreali-occidentali Academiae Sinicae Edita 1974). – Type: China, Shaanxi, Chang-an Hsien [终南山, Chung-nan-shan; Zhongnanshan], 1700 m a.s.l., 15 Jun. 1933, H.W. Kung 2838 (holo-: WUK0000756, WUK0000764). – Note: if necessary, the lectotype should be chosen from one of the two cited specimens, because the Flora Tsinlingensis is mainly based on material from WUK. As there is no image of the specimens available to the present authors, the designation of a lectotype here does not seem to be appropriate.