Chauliodus sloani Bloch & Schneider, 1801

Villarins, Bárbara T., Dario, Fabio Di, Eduardo, Leandro N., Lucena-Frédou, Flávia, Bertrand, Arnaud, Prokofiev, Artem M. & Mincarone, Michael M., 2022, Deep-sea dragonfishes (Teleostei: Stomiiformes) collected from off northeastern Brazil, with a review of the species reported from the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone, Neotropical Ichthyology (e 220004) 20 (2), pp. 1-78 : 37-38

Chauliodus sloani Bloch & Schneider, 1801

( Fig. 10 )

Diagnosis. Chauliodus sloani differs from congeners by the presence of an approximately round postorbital organ; dorsal-fin origin over 4–10 OV; fourth premaxillary tooth longer than the third; predorsal length 17–28% SL; PV 17–23; VAV 22–28; AC 9–13; IC 62–69; OV 17–22; VAL 22–28; OA 41–48 (Morrow, 1964b; Parin, Novikova, 1974; Gibbs, 1986a; Stewart, 2015; Sutton et al., 2020).

Geographical distribution. Circumglobal, between 65ºN and 45ºS, including the Mediterranean Sea (Parin, Novikova, 1974; Gibbs, 1986a; Bilecenoglu et al., 2002; Vélez, 2009; Møller et al., 2010; Lipej, Dulčić, 2010; Duhamel et al., 2014; Stewart, 2015; Sutton et al., 2020; Love et al., 2021). In the western Atlantic, the species is reported from off Canada to Uruguay, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea (Morrow, 1964b; Parin, Novikova, 1974; McAllister, 1990; McEachran, Fechhelm, 1998; Nión et al., 2016; Mecklenburg et al., 2018; Coad, 2018b; Ramírez et al., 2019). In Brazil, C. sloani was previously recorded off Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Rio Grande do Sul States, in addition to the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (Parin, Novikova, 1974; Figueiredo et al., 2002; Menezes et al., 2003; Bernardes et al., 2005; Braga et al., 2007; Haimovici et al., 2008; Lins Oliveira et al., 2015; Judkins, Haedrich, 2018; Eduardo et al., 2020b). Larvae were recorded off Rio de Janeiro State (Bonecker, Castro, 2006; Bonecker et al., 2014). Chauliodus sloani is reported here based on specimens collected off Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, the Rocas Atoll, and the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, between depths of 90 and 1,030 m ( Fig. 7D ).

Remarks. In addition to the 57 specimens reported here, 247 specimens of C. sloani collected in the ABRACOS expeditions were dissected in a study addressing the trophic ecology, vertical migration, and functional role of the species (Eduardo et al., 2020b).

Specimens examined. 57 (55–241 mm SL): NPM 3286, 1 (184 mm), AB1#22; NPM 3287, 1 (167 mm), AB1#14; NPM 4386, 11 (154–238 mm), AB2#41A; NPM 4389, 5 (84–153 mm), AB2#44A; NPM 4396, 2 (140–146 mm), AB2#21; NPM 4397, 2 (96–114 mm), AB2#39; NPM 4420, 5 (96–196 mm), AB2#16; NPM 4421, 9 (131–210 mm), AB2#35; NPM 4422, 15 (83– 241 mm), AB2#42A; NPM 4447, 2 (90–219 mm), AB2#54B; NPM 4448, 3 (144–184 mm), AB2#49A; NPM 4921, 1 (55 mm), AB2#40A.

Figures

FIGURE 7 | Records of species of Phosichthyidae (A), Astronesthinae (B, C), Chauliodontinae (D), Stomiinae (E), and Malacosteinae (F) collected during the ABRACOS expeditions off northeastern Brazil. Oceanic islands: RA, Rocas Atoll; FN, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago.

FIGURE 10 | Chauliodus sloani, NPM 3287, 167 mm SL. Scale bar = 10 mm.