Pseudocorinna, SIMON, 1910

Jocqué, Rudy & Bosselaers, Jan, 2011, Revision of Pseudocorinna Simon and a new related genus (Araneae: Corinnidae): two more examples of spider templates with a large range of complexity in the genitalia, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (2), pp. 271-350 : 276-280

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00679.x
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10545724
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC17CE33-D27B-FFAE-5502-FA5E0AFAF9C2
treatment provided by	Valdenar
scientific name	Pseudocorinna
status

Treatment

PSEUDOCORINNA SIMON, 1910 View in CoL

Type species: Pseudocorinna rutila Simon, 1910 by original designation.

Diagnosis: Members of the genus Pseudocorinna are easily recognized by the network of small warts on all sclerotized parts of the body, the club-shaped tarsi of the female palp and the wide carapace and sternum.

Description: Medium size spiders (3.90–5.30). Carapace, and in some species all teguments of entire prosoma, covered with dense network of tiny warts ( Figs 3A–F View Figure 3 , 5A–F View Figure 5 ), which are exits of underlying glands.

Carapace wide (width = ± 0.92 l), strongly narrowed in front to ±0.55 maximum width ( Figs 3A, C, F View Figure 3 , 4A View Figure 4 , 5A View Figure 5 ), in cephalic part. Cephalic region produced into a blunt snout between AME. Cervical grooves weak; radiating striae slightly indicated. Profile fairly flat ( Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ) with highest point between PME and fovea, which is deep ( Fig. 5C View Figure 5 ).

Colour: entirely dark brownish red with many tiny dark warts ( Fig. 3A–F View Figure 3 ); abdomen greyish with reddish brown scuta ( Fig. 3C View Figure 3 ).

Eyes circular, in two rows that are both procurved as seen from front as well as from above ( Fig. 4A, B View Figure 4 ). AME the largest; up to twice the diameter of the remainder, which are subequal; lateral eyes close together on a tubercle; AME somewhat less than one diameter apart; PME about 1.5¥ diameter apart. AME about half of AME diameter from ALE, PME twice PME diameter from PLE. MOQ trapezoidal; wider in front and slightly wider than long. Clypeus concave, with typical corinnid central bulge, twice as high as diameter of ALE.

Chilum single, covered with tiny warts, shape variable: ranging from a narrow triangle about twice wider than high to a wide triangle, ± four times wider than high.

Chelicerae massive ( Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ), with strong condyle; promargin with dense cluster of setae ( Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ) and three teeth, retromargin with two teeth. Endites converging, bulging, swollen in basal half ( Figs 3E View Figure 3 , 4C View Figure 4 ) with scopula on distal membranous area. Labium roughly rectangular, constricted near base ( Figs 3E View Figure 3 , 4B View Figure 4 ). Sternum rebordered, shield-shaped, wider than long (l = ±0.85 width), with strong intercoxal triangular extensions and fused with smaller precoxal triangles ( Figs 3E View Figure 3 , 4B View Figure 4 ); areas in front of coxae bulging. Pleural bars strongly developed, dark reddish brown, warted, fused to a single, rather wide strip, with large triangular extensions between coxae. Leg formula 2413. Leg segments covered with warts that decrease in size from coxae towards tarsi. Retrocoxal hymen conspicuous, hemispherical to subconical, pale whitish, semitransparent. Trochanters not notched. Patellar indentation long and narrow. Tarsi widened towards tip; two claws with few tiny teeth ( Fig. 6D View Figure 6 ), claw tufts, no scopula. Spination: fe I with two or more pl spines ( Figs 3A, C View Figure 3 , 6F View Figure 6 ) and one or a few short rlv ones; fe II spineless; ti I and II with eight to nine ve pairs of long spines, mt I and II with four ve pairs. Other segments spineless. Leg III spineless, apart from distal dorsal spine on fe ( Fig. 6E View Figure 6 ), an occasional ve spine pair on mt, a few isolated lateral and ve spines on leg IV. Mt III and IV with vt preening brush. Tarsal organ with narrow oval opening ( Fig. 6G View Figure 6 ). Bothria with U-shaped ridge ( Fig. 6H, I View Figure 6 ). Female abdomen thinly haired ( Fig. 6C View Figure 6 ). Male abdomen oval with a large, thinly haired do scutum ( Fig. 3C View Figure 3 ) associated with a lanceolate pl sigillum on either side. Epigastric sclerite present in both sexes, accompanied by two crescent-shaped sclerites behind the booklung openings (as in Lamponidae but here invaginated; Fig. 3B, D View Figure 3 ); completely surrounding petiolus in males, surrounding petiolus over 240° and separated by two gaps from a trapezoidal do sclerite in females. LOP consisting of two subrectangular sclerites connected by a flexible membrane, posterior part posteriorly notched. PSP surrounding ve half of petiolus, trapezoidal, posteriorly notched, and ventrally keeled. Spinnerets ( Fig. 7A– F View Figure 7 ): six, fairly long; ALS well separated, conical with short distal segment; PMS and PLS cylindrical, respectively, with three and two cylindrical gland spigots in females.

Genitalia fairly variable; this is the result of a cline in which the main trend is an increase in complexity usually as a result of the lengthening of the embolus. In this genus the accompanying sclerites become an intricate complex but there is not always an increase in the length of the embolus. In the most common conformation there is a RTA as well as a PTA (e.g. Fig. 15B View Figure 15 ). The cymbium has a dense distal patch of chemosensitive setae ( Fig. 8A–C View Figure 8 ); the tegulum is strongly developed and has a deep central concavity from which the MA as well as the embolus and its functional conductor arise (e.g. Fig. 22B View Figure 22 ); the proximal tegular part overhangs the base of the embolus ( Fig. 22A, B View Figure 22 ) and its margin is provided with one or several short apophyses; a usually well-developed apophysis (FC) originates at the base of the embolus. Epigyne equally variable, ranging from simple plate with prolateral entrance openings, short entrance ducts ending in large spermathecae and strongly developed fertilization ducts (e.g. Fig. 11A, B View Figure 11 ) to a much more complex structure with intricate plate, hiding lateral entrance openings and long entrance ducts often with many diverticula (e.g. Fig. 16A, B View Figure 16 ) in this paper referred to as ‘lobate ducts’. Female palp ( Fig. 6B View Figure 6 ) with more or less numerous femoral spines and typical club-shaped tarsus provided with dorsolateral patch of chemosensitive setae.

Natural history: Very little is known about the habits of the spiders belonging to the genus. They live in moist evergreen forest, often in places with water-logged soils. They tend to be diurnal as the few specimens collected by hand were seen running around by day. Not a single specimen was collected during the many hours of night catching carried out by the first author in the Bossematié Forest in the Ivory Coast, where three species of Pseudocorinna occur together.

Affinities: Pseudocorinna remains hard to place within Corinnidae . The genus differs from all four recognized corinnid subfamilies ( Corinninae , Castianeirinae , Trachelinae, and Phrurolithinae) by the presence of a MA. Moreover, Pseudocorinna differs from Trachelinae by the absence of leg cusps and the presence of normal leg spines ( Platnick & Ewing, 1995), from Phrurolithinae by the absence of cheliceral macrosetae and a male palpal ve femoral apophysis ( Bosselaers & Jocqué, 2002), and from both subfamilies by the presence of only three cylindrical gland spigots on the female PMS. Pseudocorinna differs from Castianeirinae by the reduction of leg spines on legs III and IV and by the absence of a pear-shaped male palpal bulbus with special modifications ( Reiskind, 1969) and from Corinninae by the absence of a coiled spermatic duct in the male bulbus and by the relatively simple RTA ( Platnick & Baptista, 1995). For the time being, it seems best to follow Bonaldo (1997, 2000) and Ramírez, Lopardo & Bonaldo (2001), and leave Pseudocorinna as incertae sedis in Corinnidae . In the analysis of Bosselaers & Jocqué (2002) Pseudocorinna is sister of a group containing Oedignatha Thorell , Sphingius Thorell , and Teutamus Thorell , all from South-East Asia. Both the latter are still listed under the Liocranidae because of the presence of longitudinal rows of cylindrical gland spigots on the PMS.