Leptohyphes apache Allen, 1967

Baumgardner, D. E. & Mccafferty, W. P., 2010, Revision of the genus Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) in North and Central America, Zootaxa 2360 (1), pp. 1-33 : 8-9

Leptohyphes apache Allen

Leptohyphes apache Allen, 1967:352 ; Allen, 1978. Leptohyphes hispidus Allen and Brusca, 1973:89 ; Baumgardner and McCafferty, 2000 (syn. of Leptohyphes zalope ) new synonym Leptohyphes lumas Allen and Brusca, 1973:91 ; Allen, 1978:547 (syn of Leptohyphes hispidus ); Lugo-Ortiz and

McCafferty, 1995 (re-validated); Baumgardner and McCafferty, 2000 (syn. of Leptohyphes zalope ) new synonym Leptohyphes spiculatus Allen and Brusca, 1973:92 ; Allen, 1978 new synonym Leptohyphes succinus Allen 1978:555 ; Baumgardner and McCafferty, 2000 (syn of Leptohyphes zalope ) new synonym

Diagnosis: Larvae of L. apache can be differentiated from other species of Leptohyphes in North America by a complete absence of setae on the sublateral margins of all abdominal terga (in rare cases, a few (<5) setae may be present). In addition, the dorsal surface of the meso- and metafemora are without setae. As in L. zalope , mature larvae are typically large (5-8 mm in length), dark reddish brown in color, and with extensive black shading over much of the body. Leptohyphes apache also have a vertex pattern very similar to that of L. zalope .

Description: Male Adult: Unknown. Larva: Length. Body, 5.5–7.0 mm; caudal filaments, 4.0–6.0 mm. General coloration light brown to reddish-brown with dark brown markings. Head: brown with complex black pattern on vertex, and thick black band on frons between compound eyes and at base of antennae ( Fig. 21 ); antennae pale. Thorax: brown to reddish-brown with irregular dark brown and black markings; without anterolateral projections and median tubercle. Legs. Proleg ( Fig. 22 ): femur with transverse row of stout and elongate setae along dorsal surface; anterior margin with scattered robust setae; posterior margin with stout setae distally, and few scattered filiform setae in basal half; tibia with rows of filiform setae along anterior margin, and elongate setae along anterolateral margin; posterior margin with few, scattered filiform setae or none; tarsus with scattered filiform and elongate setae along inner margin, and a single row of elongate setae along anterolateral margin; posterior margin with a few filiform and elongate setae along distal outer margin. Meso- and metalegs ( Fig. 23 ): femora with setae absent from dorsal surface; anterior margin with few, scattered stout setae; posterior margin with fairly regularly spaced elongate setae along most of margin; tibiae with elongate setae present along most of anterior and posterior margins; tarsus with few, scattered filiform setae along anterior and posterior margins, or none; single row of elongate setae present medially. Claws of all legs with four to eight marginal, and a single submarginal denticle ( Fig. 24 ). Abdomen: terga light brown to reddish-brown with irregular brown and black markings along posterior margin; sublateral margins of tergites seven and eight without setae ( Fig. 25 ); operculate gill brown, with pale markings apically; gill formula 2/5/5/ 4/1.

Distribution: Leptohyphes apache is known from Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas in the U.S.A., southern Mexico, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. Considerable records of L. zalope from the southwestern U.S.A. and Central America are attributable to L. apache .

Discussion: Leptohyphes apache was described by Allen (1967) on the basis of larvae from Arizona, New Mexico and Utah. No discussion was given how the larvae differed from other species of Leptohyphes . Allen and Brusca (1973) described L. hispidus , L. lumas , and L. spiculatus based upon larvae from various locations in Mexico. Leptohyphes hispidus was distinguished from other Leptohyphes by the presence of small black spicules on the body, L. lumas by its dark coloration, and L. spiculatus by the presence of scattered spicules on the head, body and appendages. In addition, both L. lumas and L. spiculatus were described as having numerous setae on the abdominal terga (see figure 29, Allen and Brusca 1973). Examination of the holotype and paratypes of all three of these species, however, clearly show they completely lack any setae on the abdominal terga. No morphological features could be found to separate the species from each other.

Allen (1978) recognized the equivalency of L. hispidus and L. lumas , and synonymized L. lumas with L. hispidus , stating only minor morphological differences separate them. Evidently the original description of L. lumas with “abdominal terga 1–10 with scattered short spines and long paired submedian spines on posterior margin”, and the abdominal terga of L. spiculatus as “terga with numerous long spines” were incorrect. Figure 29 of Allen and Brusca (1973) is more similar to that of L. zalope than L. spiculatus .

The use of the term “spicules” to distinguish L. spiculatus from other species is not reliable for two reasons. First, spicules are not actually present on the body of L. spiculatus . The body possesses only a rough surface that could give the appearance of spicules under low magnification. This surface feature can best be described as scabriculous. Second, a scabriculous surface is common to many species of Leptohyphes , and can also be variable among individuals of the same species.

Type material examined: Leptohyphes apache Allen ; HOLOTYPE Larva: ARIZONA: Navajo Co., N. Fk. White River at White River , Fort Apache Indian Reservation , 5-VII-64, R. K. Allen [ CAS]. PARATYPES: AZ: Navajo Co., N. Fk. White River at White River , Fort Apache Indian Reservation , 5.VII.64, R . K. Allen, 14L, 1 associated slide (4L in one vial, 10L in second vial, all at CAS). AZ: Navajo Co., stream 8 mi N. White River, 25.vi.51, S.J. Preece, 1L [ FAMU, # E2012 . T] 2 associated slides [ CAS]; AZ: Navajo Co. , White River , 4 mi N. White River , 25.vi.51, S.J. Preece, 4L [ FAMU, # E2012 . T], 2 associated slides [ CAS]; NM: Taylor Creek , Santa Fe Natl. Forest , 26-VIII-37, C.M. Tarzwell, 11L, 4 associated slides [ CAS]; UT : Virgin River , Zion’s Natl. Park, VI . 47, G.F. Edmunds, Jr, 3 slides [ CAS]; AZ: Yavapai Co., Beaver Creek at Beaver Creek Rangers Station , 7-VII-64, R . K. Allen, 2L [ CAS]; AZ: Greenlee Co., San Francisco River at Clifton, 4-VII- 64, R . K. Allen, 2L [ CAS]. Leptohyphes hispidus Allen and Brusca ; HOLOTYPE Larva : Mexico: Vera Cruz, stream 5 miles south Ciudad Mendoza, 7-XI-68, R . K. Allen, [ CAS Type #11975]. PARATYPES: 42L, same data as holotype [ CAS]. Mexico: Vera Cruz, Rio Jamapa , 3 miles northeast Coscomatopec, 8.xi.68, R . K. Allen, 14L [ CAS]; 2 slides included with type series, unknown which slides belong with which specimens [ CAS]. Leptohyphes lumas Allen and Brusca : HOLOTYPE Larva : MEXICO, Chiapas, stream 7 miles north Arriaga on Highway 190, 20-VII-1966, R . K. Allen [ CAS]. PARATYPES: 16L, same data as holotype [ CAS]. MEXICO, Chiapas, stream 7 miles north Arriaga on Highway 190, 23.x.1968, R . K. Allen, 7L [ CAS]. Chiapas, stream at Santa Isabel , 12 miles above Arriaga on Highway 190, 23.x.1968, R . K. Allen, 3L [ CAS]. Chiapas, Rio Teapa near Ishuatann , 18.vii.1966, R . K. Allen, 3L [ CAS]. Oaxaca, Rio Grande , 3 miles south Gualatao, 6.xi.1968, R . K. Allen, 2L [ CAS]. Tabasco, Rio Grifalva at Teapa , 18.vii.1966, R . K. Allen, 1L [ CAS]. Chiapas, Rio Huitla , 14 miles north Tapachula, 1.xi.1968, R . K. Allen, 1L [ CAS]. Vera Cruz, Rio Jamapa , 3 miles northeast Coscomatepec, R . K. Allen, 8.xi.1968, 7L [ CAS]. Same but, 14.vii.1966, 2L [ CAS]. Vera Cruz , Rio Tecolapan , Santiago Tuxtla on Highway 180, 16.vii.1966, R . K. Allen, 2L [ CAS]. Vera Cruz, Rio San Marcos at Apapantilla , 3 miles southeast Villa A. Camacho , 12.xi.1968, R . K. Allen, 5L [ CAS]. Leptohyphes spiculatus Allen and Brusca ; HOLOTYPE Larva: Mexico; Morelos; Rio Amacuzuc at Huajintlan on Hwy. 95, 14-xi-1968, R . K. Allen [ CAS #11980 ]. PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 8L. Leptohyphes succinus Allen ; HOLOTYPE Larva: TEXAS , Hays Co., San Marcos River , 3-IV-1973, Michael Peters [ CAS #13606 ]. PARATYPES: 4 larvae, same data as holotype [ CAS]; 8 larvae, 6.vi.1973, other data same as holotype, [ CAS] .

Other material examined: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Río Cahabon at Hwy. 7E, San Julian (N15°19’09; W90°19’06”, elev. 4700 ft.), 14.vii.2001, D.E. Baumgardner, 45L [ TAMU] . MEXICO: Queretaro: Ayutla, Río Ayutla (N21°23’29”; W99°35’10”), 14.vii.2000, WDS , 3L [ TAMU]; 1 km SSE San Pedro, Arroyo Real (N21°07’07”; W99°32’05”, elev. 1685 m), 11.vii.2000, WDS , 3L [ TAMU]; unnamed creek, nr. Huasquilico (N21°10’; W99°33’), 26.ii.1999, R . Jones, 1L [ TAMU]; Neblinas, Rio Verdito (N21°15’56”; W99°03’25”), 13.vii.2000, WDS , 100+L [ TAMU]; Pinal de Amoles, Agua Fria (UTM 2338413), 28.viii.1997, R . Jones, 5L [ TAMU] . Vera Cruz: Rio Metlac nr. El Fortin , 17.xii.1948, H.B. Leech, 2L [ CAS] . UNITED STATES: Arizona: Coconino Co.; Oak Cr. at Manzanita Camp Ground (Hwy. 89), Coconino Nat. Forest (N34°56'04"; W111°44'46"), 5.vi.1993, Moulton & Alexander, 1L [ TAMU]; same but, 25,26. v.1999, D.E. Baumgardner, 20L [ TAMU]; Oak Creek at Hwy. 89, ca. 3 mi. N. Sedona, Coconino National Forest (N34°55'21"; W111°44'2"), 25.v.1999, D.E. Baumgardner, 30L [ TAMU]; Oak Cr. at Hwy. 89A, ca. 5 mi. N. Sedona (N34°55'23"; W111°44'01), 04.vi.2000, D.E. Baumgardner, 57L [ TAMU]; Oak Creek at Bootlegger Camp Ground, Hwy. 89A, Oak Creek Canyon (N34°58'09"; W111°45'01", elev. 5210 ft.), 24.v.2004, D.E. Baumgardner, 8L, [ TAMU] .

Figures

FIGURES 21–25. Leptohyphes apache, larval structures. 21, head and prothorax, [scale bar B]. 22, foreleg [D]. 23, hindleg [E]. 24, hind claw (ventro-lateral) [C]. 25, abdominal tergites 7-10 [A]. Scale bars (mm): A, B = 0.05; C = 0.1; D = 0.5; E = 0.4.

FIGURES 26–31. Characteristics of adults and larvae of Leptohyphes ferruginus. 26, forewing, female adult [A]. 27, head and prothorax (dorsal) [scale bar C]. 28, head (dorsal) [B]. 29, foreleg [E]. 30, hindleg [D]. 31, hind claw (ventrolateral) [F]. Scale bars (mm): A = 1.5; B = 0.025; C, F = 0.05; D, E = 0.5.